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| 1 | Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance显示文摘High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5–6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics;however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids(FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome;thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen,molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons;uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However,large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging. | Massimo Bionaz Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez Sebastiano Busato | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Prepartum dietary energy intake alters adipose tissue transcriptome profiles during the periparturient period in Holstein dairy cows显示文摘Background:The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of energy overfeeding during the dry period on adipose tissue transcriptome profiles during the periparturient period in dairy cows.Methods:Fourteen primiparous Holstein cows from a larger cohort receiving a higher-energy diet(1.62 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of dry matter;15%crude protein)for ad libitum intake to supply 150%(OVR)or 100%(CTR)of energy requirements from dry off until parturition were used.After calving,all cows received the same lactation diet.Subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT)biopsies were collected at−14,1,and 14d fromparturition(d)and used for transcriptome profiling using a bovine oligonucleotide microarray.Data mining of differentially expressed genes(DEG)between treatments and due to sampling time was performed using the Dynamic Impact Approach(DIA)and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA).Results:There was a strong effect of over-feeding energy on DEG with 2434(False discovery rate-corrected P<0.05)between OVR and CTR at−14 d,and only 340 and 538 at 1 and 14 d.The most-impacted and activated pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database that were highlighted by DIA analysis at−14 d in OVR vs.CTR included 9 associated with carbohydrate metabolism,with‘Pyruvate metabolism’,‘Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis’,and‘Pentose phosphate pathway’among the most-activated.Not surprisingly,OVR led to marked activation of lipid metabolism(e.g.‘Fatty acid biosynthesis’and‘Glycerolipid metabolism’).Unexpected metabolic pathways that were activated at−14 d in OVR included several related to metabolism of amino acids(e.g.branched chain)and of cofactors and vitamins(thiamin).Among endocrine and immune system pathways,at−14 d OVR led to marked activation of‘PPAR signalling’and‘Antigen processing and presentation’.Among key pathways affected over time in OVR,a number were related to translation(e.g.mTOR signaling),endocrine/immune signaling(CXCR4 and IGF1),and lipid metabolism(oxidative phosphorylation)with greater activation in OVR vs.CTR specifically at−14 d.Although statistical differences for several pathways in OVR vs.CTR nearly disappeared at 1 and 14 vs.−14 d,despite the well-known catabolic state of adipose depots after calving,the bioinformatics analyses suggested important roles for a number of signaling mechanisms at−14 vs.14 than 1 vs.-14 d.This was particularly evident in cows fed to meet predicted energy requirements during the dry period(CTR).Conclusions:Data underscored a strong activation by overfeeding energy of anabolic processes in the SAT exclusively prepartum.The study confirmed that higher-energy diets prepartum drive a transcriptional cascade of events orchestrated in part by the activation of PPARγthat regulate preadipocyte differentiation and lipid storage in SAT.Novel aspects of SAT biology to energy overfeeding or change in physiologic state also were uncovered,including the role of amino acid metabolism,mTOR signaling,and the immune system. | Andrea Minuti Massimo Bionaz Vincenzo Lopreiato Nicole A.Janovick Sandra L.Rodriguez-Zas James K.Drackley Juan J.Loor | 2020 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2020，11，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Identification of reference genes for quanti- tative real - time PCR in the bovine mammary gland during the lac- tation cycle 显示文摘 | BIONAZ M LOOR J J | 2007 | Physiol Genomics2007，29，： | 1 |
| 4 | Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesis during the lactation cycle显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2008 | BMC Genomics2008，9，： | 1 |
| 5 | Functional role of PPARs in ruminants:potential targets for fine-tuning metabolism during growth and lactation显示文摘 | Bionaz M Chen S W Khan M J | 2013 | PPAR Res2013，2013，68： | 1 |
| 6 | Gene networks Driving Bovine Mammary protein synthesis during the Lactation cycle 显示文摘 | BIONAZ M LOOR J J | 2011 | Bioinformatics and Bi- ology Insights2011，，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Gene networks driving bovine mammary protein synthesis during the lactation cycle显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2011 | Bioinformatics and Biology Insights2011，5，： | 1 |
| 8 | Nuclear Control of the Inflammatory Response in Mammals by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors显示文摘 | Stéphane Mandard David Patsouris Massimo Bionaz | 2013 | PPAR Research2013，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesisduring the lactation cycle 显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2008 | BMC Genomics2008，9，： | 1 |
| 10 | Gene networks driving bovine mamma- ry protein synthesis during the lactation cycle 显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2011 | Bioin- form Biol Insights2011，5，： | 1 |
| 11 | Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesis during the lactation cycle显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2008 | BMC Genomics2008，9，： | 1 |
| 12 | Systems biology and ani- mal nutrition:insights from the dairy cow during growth and the lactation cycle 显示文摘 | Loor J J Bionaz M Ivernizzi G | 2011 | Syst Biol Livest Sci2011，3，： | 1 |
| 13 | Identification of reference genes forquantitative real-time PCR in the bovine mammary gland duringthe lactation cycle 显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2007 | Physiol Genomics2007，29，： | 1 |
| 14 | Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesis during the lactation cycle 显示文摘 | BIONAZ M LOOR J J | 2008 | BMC Genomics2008，9，： | 1 |
| 15 | Identification of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in the bovine mammary gland during the lactation cycle 显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2007 | Physiological Genomics2007，29，： | 1 |
| 16 | Mam- mOmicsTM :Transcript profiling of the mammary gland during the lactation cycle in Holstein cows显示文摘 | Bionaz M Rodriguez-Zas S L Everts R E | 2007 | J Dairy Sci2007，90，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Identification of in- ternal control genes for quantitative polymerase chain re- action in mammary tissue of lactating cows receiving lip- id supplements 显示文摘 | Kadegowda A K G Bionaz M | 2009 | Journal of Dairy Science2009，92，： | 1 |
| 18 | ACSL1, A GPA T6, FABP3, LPINI, andSLC27A6 are the most abundant isoforms in bovine mammarytissue and their expression is affected by stage of lactation显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2008 | J Nutr2008，138，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesis during the lactation cycle显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | ACSL1, AGPAT6, FABP3, LPIN1 ,and SLC27A6 are the most abundant isoforms in bovine mammary tissue and their expression is af- fected by stage of lactation显示文摘 | Bionaz M Loor J J | 2008 | J Nutr2008，138，6： | 1 |
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