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| 1 | Interdecadal Variations of ENSO around 1999/2000显示文摘This paper discusses the interdecadal changes of the climate in the tropical Pacific with a focus on the corresponding changes in the characteristics of the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO). Compared with 1979–1999, the whole tropical Pacific climate system, including both the ocean and atmosphere, shifted to a lower variability regime after 1999/2000. Meanwhile, the frequency of ENSO became less regular and was closer to a white noise process.The lead time of the equatorial Pacific's subsurface ocean heat content in preceding ENSO decreased remarkably, in addition to a reduction in the maximum correlation between them. The weakening of the correlation and the shortening of the lead time pose more challenges for ENSO prediction, and is the likely reason behind the decrease in skill with respect to ENSO prediction after 2000. Coincident with the changes in tropical Pacific climate variability, the mean states of the atmospheric and oceanic components also experienced physically coherent changes. The warm anomaly of SST in the western Pacific and cold anomaly in the eastern Pacific resulted in an increased zonal SST gradient, linked to an enhancement in surface wind stress and strengthening of the Walker circulation, as well as an increase in the slope of the thermocline. These changes were consistent with an increase(a decrease) in precipitation and an enhancement(a suppression) of the deep convection in the western(eastern) equatorial Pacific. Possible connections between the mean state and ENSO variability and frequency changes in the tropical Pacific are also discussed. | Zeng-Zhen HU Arun KUMAR Bohua HUANG Jieshun ZHU Hong-Li REN | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics for Laminar Flow in a Circular Tube with Swirl Generators显示文摘This study investigated the heat transfer and flow characteristics of one kind of swirlgenerator in a circular heat exchanger tube through a numericalsimulation. The swirlflow induced by this type of swirlgenerator can obtain a high heat transfer rate with minimalpressure drop penalty. The simulations were carried out to understand the physicalbehavior of this kind of mesoscale heat enhancement component. By visualizing the heat transfer and flow characteristics, it is found that the swirlflow is induced by swirlgenerator in the circular tube couples with the impinging jet effect. After passing through the swirlgenerator, the localfriction factor of liquid can quickly return to lower levelmore quickly, while the localNusselt number maintains higher values for a distance; thus, the evaluation criterion of localperformance is improved. Single-factor optimization is used for three geometric parameters, i.e., the angle of swirlgenerator(25o, 45o, and 60o), the length of swirlgenerator(0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 m), and the center rod radius(1, 2, and 3 mm). The optimum parameters of the swirlgenerator for laminar flow of air in a circular tube are obtained, which should be 60o, 0.005 m, and 3 mm, respectively. | Yongli Sun Guobin Wen Xiaoming Xiao Bohua Ren Na Yang Luhong Zhang | 2018 | Transactions of Tianjin University2018，24，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Regulating ethane and ethylene synthesis by proton corridor microenvironment for CO_(2) electrolysis显示文摘Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide is one of the most effective strategies to achieve carbon neutrality and energy sustainability.Although high-value multi-carbon products have been widely studied,limited electrocatalysts have been reported for the selective conversion of ethane.More importantly,the factors tuning the selectivity between ethane and ethylene have not been clarified.Here,Zn@Cu nanowire arrays(Zn@Cu-NWAs) catalyst is proposed to stimulate the maintenance of efficient CO_(2)-to-C_(2)H_(6) conversion at high current densities.Meanwhile,in order to investigate the factors affecting the interconversion between ethane and ethylene,the counterpart catalyst that facilitates C–C coupling to ethylene was also synthesized.Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy(TOF-SIMS),in-situ Raman spectroscopy,and simulation results show that Zn@Cu-NWAs can provide a localized proton corridor environment for the formation of ethane,accelerating the further proton-coupled CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)kinetics.Hence,this catalyst delivered an ethane Faraday efficiency of over 65% at-1.14 V vs.RHE with a total current density of 142.3 mA/cm^(2).This work provides a new perspective on regulating the local microenvironment to modify the selectivity of multi-carbon products. | Xiaowen Zhang Bohua Ren Hao Li Shuxuan Liu Haoyang Xiong Silong Dong Yifan Li Dan Luo Yi Cui Guobin Wen Xin Wang | 2023 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2023，，12： | 0 |
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