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| 1 | Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A criticalreview of the literature显示文摘The hygiene hypothesis is thought to be a significant contributor to the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) around the world, although the evidence for specific factors that underlie the hygiene hypothesis in IBD is unclear. We aimed to systematically review the literature to determine which hygiene-related factors are associated with the development of IBD. Publications identified from a broad based MEDLINE and Current Contents search between 1966 and 2007 on key terms relevant to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and IBD including H pylori exposure, helminths, cold chain hypothesis, measles infection and vaccination, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, family size, sibship, urban upbringing, day care attendance and domestic hygiene were reviewed. The literature suggests that the hygiene hypothesis and its association with decreased microbial exposure in childhood probably plays an important role in the development of IBD, although the strength of the supporting data for each of the factors varies considerably. The most promising factors that may potentially be associated with development of IBD include H pylori exposure, helminths, breastfeeding and sibship. However, the vast majority of studies in this area are plagued by serious methodological shortcomings, particularly the reliance on retrospective recall of information making it difficult to truly ascertain the importance of a 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD. The 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD is an important area of research that may give clues to the aetiology of this disease. Directions for future research are recommended. | Natasha A Koloski Laurel Bret Graham Radford-Smith | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，2： | 16 |
| 2 | Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience显示文摘 | Phil A Hart Mark D Topazian Thomas E Witzig Jonathan E Clain Ferga C Gleeson Robin R Klebig Michael J Levy Randall K Pearson Bret T Petersen Thomas C Smyrk Aravind Sugumar Naoki Takahashi Santhi S Vege Suresh T Chari | 2013 | Gut2013，，11： | 2 |
| 3 | Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience显示文摘 | Phil A Hart Mark D Topazian Thomas E Witzig Jonathan E Clain Ferga C Gleeson Robin R Klebig Michael J Levy Randall K Pearson Bret T Petersen Thomas C Smyrk Aravind Sugumar Naoki Takahashi Santhi S Vege Suresh T Chari | 2013 | Gut2013，，11： | 2 |
| 4 | Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloons for endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct interventions显示文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided main pancreatic duct(PD)access may be used when conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)techniques fail.The use of a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon(PTAB),originally developed for vascular interventions,can be used to facilitate transmural(e.g.,transgastric)PD access and to dilate high-grade pancreatic strictures.AIM To describe the technique,efficacy,and safety of PTABs for EUS-guided PD interventions.METHODS Patients who underwent EUS with use of a PTAB from March 2011 to August 2021 were retrospectively identified from a tertiary care medical center supply database.PTABs included 3-4 French angioplasty catheters with 3-4 mm balloons designed to use over a 0.018-inch guidewire.The primary outcome was technical success.Secondary outcomes included incidence of adverse events(AEs)and need for early reintervention.RESULTS A total of 23 patients were identified(48%female,mean age 55.8 years).Chronic pancreatitis was the underlying etiology in 13(56.5%)patients,surgically altered anatomy(SAA)with stricture in 7(30.4%),and SAA with post-operative leak in 3(13.0%).Technical success was achieved in 20(87%)cases.Overall AE rate was 26%(n=6).All AEs were mild and included 1 pancreatic duct leak,2 cases of post-procedure pancreatitis,and 3 admissions for post-procedural pain.No patients required early re-intervention.CONCLUSION EUS-guided use of PTABs for PD access and/or stricture management is feasible with an acceptable safety profile and can be considered in patients when conventional ERCP cannulation fails. | Jad P AbiMansour Barham K Abu Dayyeh Michael J Levy Andrew C Storm John A Martin Bret T Petersen Ryan J Law Mark D Topazian Vinay Chandrasekhara | 2022 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2022，14，8： | 2 |
| 5 | End-stage renal disease is associated with increased post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography adverse events in hospitalized patients显示文摘AIM To determine if end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a risk factor for post endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) adverse events (AEs). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2011-2013. We identified adult patients who underwent ERCP using the International Classification of Diseases 9^(th) Revision (ICD-9-CM). Included patients were divided into three groups: ESRD, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and control. The primary outcome was post-ERCP AEs including pancreatitis, bleeding, and perforation determined based on specific ICD-9-CM codes. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and admission cost. AEs and mortality were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS There were 492175 discharges that underwent ERCP during the 3 years. The ESRD and CKD groups contained 7347 and 39403 hospitalizations respectively, whereas the control group had 445424 hospitalizations. Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) was significantly higher in the ESRD group (8.3%) compared to the control group (4.6%) with adjusted odd ratio (aOR) = 1.7 (95% CI: 1.4-2.1, ~aP < 0.001). ESRD was associated with significantly higher ERCP-related bleeding (5.1%) compared to the control group 1.5% (aOR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.4-2.4, ~aP < 0.001). ESRD had increased hospital mortality 7.1% vs 1.15% in the control OR = 6.6 (95%CI: 5.3-8.2, ~aP < 0.001), longer hospital stay with adjusted mean difference (aMD) = 5.9 d (95% CI: 5.0-6.7 d, ~aP < 0.001) and higher hospitalization charges aMD = $+82064 (95%CI: $68221-$95906, ~aP < 0.001). CONCLUSION ESRD is a risk factor for post-ERCP AEs and is associated with higher hospital mortality. Careful selection and close monitoring is warranted to improve outcomes. | Tarek Sawas Fateh Bazerbachi Samir Haffar Won K Cho Michael J Levy John A Martin Bret T Petersen Mark D Topazian Vinay Chandrasekhara Barham K Abu Dayyeh | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，41： | 2 |
| 6 | Hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft supports HCV replication:A mouse model for evaluating antivirals显示文摘AIM: To develop a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft model for studying hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in a mice, and antiviral treatment.METHODS: We developed a stable S3-green fluorescence protein (GFP) cell line that replicated the GFP-tagged HCV sub-genomic RNA derived from a highly efficient JFH1 virus. S3-GFP replicon cell line was injected subcutaneously into γ-irradiated SCID mice. We showed that the S3-GFP replicon cell line formed human HCC xenografts in SCID mice. Cells were isolated from subcutaneous tumors and then serially passaged multiple times in SCID mice by culturing in growth medium supplemented with G-418. The mouse-adapted S3-GFP replicon cells were implanted subcutaneously and also into the liver of SCID mice via intrasplenic infusion to study the replication of HCV in the HCC xenografts. The tumor model was validated for antiviral testing after intraperitoneal injection of interferon-α (IFN-α). RESULTS: A highly tumorigenic S3-GFP replicon cell line was developed that formed subcutaneous tumors within 2 wk and diffuse liver metastasis within 4 wk in SCID mice. Replication of HCV in the subcutaneous and liver tumors was confirmed by cell colony assay, detection of the viral RNA by ribonuclease protection assay and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. High-level replication of HCV sub-genomic RNA in the tumor could be visualized by GFP expression using fluorescence microscopy. IFN-α cleared HCV RNA replication in the subcutaneous tumors within 2 wk and 4 wk in the liver tumor model. CONCLUSION: A non-infectious mouse model allows us to study replication of HCV in subcutaneous and metastatic liver tumors. Clearance of HCV by IFN-α supports use of this model to test other anti-HCV drugs. | Sidhartha Hazari Henry J Hefler Partha K Chandra Bret Poat Feyza Gunduz Tara Ooms Tong Wu Luis A Balart Srikanta Dash | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Intrahepatic portal venous variations : prevalence with US 显示文摘 | Atri M Bret P M Fraser-Hill M A | 1992 | Radiology1992，184，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Physical analog modeling of pull-apart basin evolution显示文摘 | BRET Rahe DAVID A Ferrill ALAN P Morris | 1998 | Tectonophysics1998，285，： | 1 |
| 9 | Improvedlung perfusion with surgical correction of pulmonary ar-tery sling显示文摘 | Le Bret E Fauroux B Sigal-Cinqualbre A | 2007 | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2007，133，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Estrogen and progesterone cerbB2,p53 and Bcl2 in thirtythree invasive micropapillary breast carcinoma显示文摘 | LunaMoré S de los Santos F Bretón J J Caadas M A | 1996 | Pathol Res Pract1996，192，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Diagnostic accuracy of muhidetector spiral computed tomography for preoperative assessment of sinus venosus atrial septal de- fects in children 显示文摘 | Amat F Le Bret E Sigal-Cinqualbre A | 2011 | Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg2011，12，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Parthenocarpic apple fruit production conferred by transposon insertion mutations in a MADS-box transcription factor显示文摘 | Jia Longyao Yi Hudong Bret A M Morris | 2001 | PNAS2001，98，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The FERM domain: a unique module involved in the linkage of cytoplasmic proteins to the membrane显示文摘 | Athar H Chishti Anthony C Kim Shirin M Marfatia Mohini Lutchman Manjit Hanspal Hitesh Jindal Shih-Chun Liu Philip S Low Guy A Rouleau Narla Mohandas Joel A Chasis John G Conboy Phillipe Gascard Yuichi Takakuwa Shu-Ching Huang Edward J Benz Jr Anthony Bret | 1998 | Trends in Biochemical Sciences1998，，8： | 1 |
| 14 | DRM for the forces of good 显示文摘 | Bret A Fausett | 2001 | Web Techniques2001，2001，： | 1 |
| 15 | Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization 显示文摘 | Mack M C Schuur E A G Bret Harte M S | 2004 | Nature2004，，： | 1 |
| 16 | New biomarkers in the risk stratification of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Bret A Rogers L Kristin Newby | 2002 | Current Science2002，4，4： | 1 |
| 17 | New biomarkers in the risk stratification of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction 显示文摘 | Bret A Rogers L Kristin Newby | 2002 | Current Science2002，4，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Synthesis, biotransformation and stereochemistry of 6β-sesquiterpene lactones: syntheses of 6β-artepaulin, 11,13-dihydro-6β-tuberiferin, 5, 15-dihydro-6β-oopodin, 4-epi-6jS-vulgarin and 6β-vulgarin 显示文摘 | Amate Y Bretón JL García-Granados A | 1990 | Tetrahedron1990，46，19： | 1 |
| 19 | Cervical spine fusion with bioabsorble cages显示文摘 | Caleb RL Michael H Bret A | 2004 | Neurosurg Focus2004，16，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Shockwave Lithotripsy: Dose-related effects on renal structure, hemodynamics, and tubular function 显示文摘 | Lynn R Andrew P Bret A | 2005 | J Endourol2005，19，1： | 1 |
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