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| 1 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 2 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 3 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 4 | Cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shahid A Khan Howard C Thomas Brian R Davidson Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9493)2005，，： | 3 |
| 5 | Advances in cellulose ester performance and application显示文摘 | Kevin J Edgar Charles M Buchanan John S Debenham Paul A Rundquist Brian D Seiler Michael C Shelton Debra Tindall | 2001 | Progress in Polymer Science2001，，9： | 2 |
| 6 | Cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shahid A Khan Howard C Thomas Brian R Davidson Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2005 | The Lancet2005，，9493： | 2 |
| 7 | Alterations in levels of CD28^ -/CD8^ + suppressor cell precursor and CD45RO^+/CD4^+ memory T- lymphocytes in the periph- eral blood of multiple sclerosis patients 显示文摘 | Brian C Peter D Herman F | 1995 | Clin Diagn Lab Immunol1995，2，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Interfacial turbulence during the absorption of carbon dioxide into monoethanolamine显示文摘 | Brian P L T Vivian J E Matiatos D C | 1967 | AIChE J1967，13，： | 1 |
| 9 | Host-microbe interactions:shaping the evolution of the plant immune response显示文摘 | Stephen T C Gitta C Brad D Brian J S | 2006 | Cell2006，124，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Representation of DNA sequences in recombinant DNA libraries prepared by restriction enzyme partial digestion 显示文摘 | Brian S Richard C P Normen D | 1982 | Gene1982，19，： | 1 |
| 11 | Altered helper T lymphocyte function associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and its role in response to therapeutic vaccination in humans 显示文摘 | Brian D Jeff A Claire C | 1999 | J Immunol1999，162，： | 1 |
| 12 | The Legionella effector RavZ inhibits host autophagy through irreversible Atg8 deconjugation 显示文摘 | Augustine C Julia D Brian M | 2012 | Science2012，338，6110： | 1 |
| 13 | A comparison of detection per formance for several track-before detect algorithms显示文摘 | Samuel J D Mark G R Brian C | 2008 | Journal on Advances in Signal Processing2008，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Fibre optic oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching of evanescent - wave excited ruthenium complexes in sol--gel derived porous coatings 显示文摘 | BRIAN D MACCRAITH MCDONSGH C M | 1993 | Analyst1993，118，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Dynamic Measurements of Corrosion Rates at High Temperatures in High Electrical Resistivity Media显示文摘 | BRIAN N P RAJASHREEE C THOMAS M D | 2015 | Corrosion Science2015，94，： | 1 |
| 16 | Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication: 2-year Results from the Prospective Multicenter U.S. Study显示文摘 | Bell Reginald C W Barnes William E Carter Bart J Sewell Robert W Mavrelis Peter G Ihde Glenn M Hoddinott Kevin M Fox Mark A Freeman Katherine D Gunsberger Tanja Hausmann Mark G Dargis David Gill Brian DaCosta Wilson Erik Trad Karim S | 2014 | The American Surgeon2014，，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Transactional Coherence and Consistency: Simplifying Parallel Hardware and Software显示文摘 | Hammond L Brian D C Vicky W | 2004 | IEEE Micro2004，24，6： | 1 |
| 18 | HIV transmission and high rates of late diagnoses among adults aged 50 years and over显示文摘 | Ruth D Smith Valerie C Delpech Alison E Brown Brian D Rice | 2010 | AIDS2010，，13： | 1 |
| 19 | A brushless exciter model incorporating multiple rectifier modes and preisach's hysteresis theory显示文摘 | ALIPRANTIS D C SUDHOFF S D BRIAN T K | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion2006，21，1： | 1 |
| 20 | The radial artery in coronary surgery: a 5-year experience—clinical and angiographic results显示文摘 | James Tatoulis Alistair G Royse Brian F Buxton John A Fuller Peter D Skillington John C Goldblatt Robin P Brown Michael A Rowland | 2002 | The Annals of Thoracic Surgery2002，，： | 1 |
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