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| 1 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 2 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV- 1 envdope protein in the methylotmphic yeast Pichia pastoris显示文摘 | Scorer CA Buckholz RG Clare JJ et od | 1993 | Gene1993，136，： | 1 |
| 3 | Influence of roasting time on sensory attributes of fresh roasted peanuts 显示文摘 | BUCKHOLZ JR L L DAUN H STIER E | 1980 | Journal of Food Science1980，，45： | 1 |
| 4 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV-envelope protein in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris显示文摘 | Scorer CA Buckholz RG Clare JJ | 1993 | Gene1993，136，： | 1 |
| 5 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV-1 envelope protein in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris显示文摘 | Scorer C A Buckholz R G Clare J J | 1993 | Gene1993，136，12： | 1 |
| 6 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV-1 envelope protein in the methyltrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 显示文摘 | Scorcer C A Buckholz R G Clare J J | 1993 | Gene1993，136，： | 1 |
| 7 | Expression of EGF and HIV envelope glycoprotein显示文摘 | Clare J Scorer C Buckholz R | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Influence of roasting time onsensory attributes of fresh roasted peanuts 显示文摘 | Buckholz LL Jr Daun H Stier E | 1980 | Food Sci1980，45，： | 1 |
| 9 | On the role of a non-Newtonian fluid in short bearing theory显示文摘 | BUCKHOLZ R H | 1985 | ASME Journal of Tribology1985，107，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Analysis of tailor's bunions by radiographic and anatomical display 显示文摘 | Fallat LM Buckholz J | 1980 | Am Podiatry Assoc1980，70，： | 1 |
| 11 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV-1 envelope protein in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastori显示文摘 | Scorer C A Buckholz R G ClareJ J | 1993 | Gene1993，136，： | 1 |
| 12 | An analysis of the tailors' bunion by radiographic and anatomical display显示文摘 | Fallat LM Buckholz J | 1980 | J Am Podiatry Assoc1980，70，： | 1 |
| 13 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV-1 envelope protein in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris显示文摘 | Scorer C A Buckholz R G Clare J J | 1993 | Gene1993，136，： | 1 |
| 14 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV-1 envelope protein in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 显示文摘 | Scorer C A Buckholz R G Clare J J | 1993 | Gene1993，136，12： | 1 |
| 15 | On the role of a non-Newtonian fluid in short journal bearing theory显示文摘 | Buckholz R | 1985 | Journal of Tribology1985，107，1： | 1 |
| 16 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV-1 envelope protein in the methylotrophie yeast Piehia pastoris显示文摘 | Scorer CA Buckholz RG Clare JJ | 1993 | Gene1993，136，12： | 1 |
| 17 | The intracellular production and secretion of HIV-1 envelope protein in the methylotrophie yeast Pichia pastoris 显示文摘 | SCORER C A BUCKHOLZ R G CLARE J J | 1993 | Gene1993，136，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Yeast systems for the commercial production of heterologous proteins显示文摘 | Buckholz R G Gleeson M A G | 1991 | Bio Technology1991，，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Influence of roasting time on sensory at tributes of fresh roasted peanuts显示文摘 | Buckholz L L Daun H Stier E | 1980 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry1980，45，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Yeast systems for the commercialproduction of heterologous proteins 显示文摘 | Buckholz R G Gleeson M A | 1991 | Biotechnology1991，9，11： | 1 |
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