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| 1 | The formation mechanism of high-quality dolomite reservoir in the deep of Puguang Gas Field显示文摘The discovery of Puguang Gas Field provides the exploration of China deep marine carbonate rock with important references.In Puguang Gas Field,the dolomite reservoirs discovered in the deep are the best in the present of China,which present big thickness and wide-range distribution,and develop abundant secondary porosity.The researches show that Puguang Gas Field bears the characteristics of early gas-filling time,deep burial,high matured organic matter and long-term interaction of hydrocarbon(oil and gas)-water-rock(carbonate reservoir).The developments of secondary pores in this area are affected by multiple diagenesis and their formation mechanisms are complicated.Through the research on depositional environment,sedimentary facies and reservoir porosity characters of Changxing and Feixianguan Formations,it is thought that high-quality dolomite reservoirs of Puguang Gas Field form on the favorable sedimentary facies belts,which are the integrate result affected by several factors including superficial corrosion,burial corrosion,overpressure and tectonic movement,among which burial corrosion of TSR to reservoir and overpressure formed by thermal evolution of organic matter have great effect on the formation of secondary porosity of Changxing and Feixianguan Formations. | MA YongSheng 1 ,GUO TongLou 1 ,ZHAO XueFeng 2 &CAI XunYu 1 1 Southern Exploration&Production Company,Sinopec,Kunming 650200,China 2 China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 19 |
| 2 | The controlling factors of oil and gas charging and accumulation of Puguang gas field in the Sichuan Basin显示文摘Combined with oil and gas transport and accumulation, structure-lithology evolution history, and with geochemistry and synthesizing geology methods, this paper studies the oil and gas discharge history of Puguang large scale gas field and the main controlling factors of oil accumulation. The natural gas in Puguang gas field is mainly coal-derived gas and oil-racked gas. The main hydrocarbon is Upper Permian coal mudstone and Lower Silurian mud shale with organic material. Puguang gas field has gone through discharge and adjustment 3 times, and it has favorable palaeostructure location, high quality dredge and effectively conserving conditions. | MA YongSheng CAI XunYu GUO TongLou | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 18 |
| 3 | Simulated experiment evidences of the corrosion and reform actions of H_2S to carbonate reservoirs:an example of Feixianguan Formation,east Sichuan显示文摘The reservoir of Feixianguan Formation of the Lower Triassic in the Sichuan Basin is the deepest buried carbonate reservoir in China, with developed secondary corrosion holes, high quantities carbonate reservoir, maximum effective carbonate reservoir thickness. Also Feixianguan gas reservoir has the highest quantities of H2S. Research discovers that there are close relationships between the formation of reservoir and H2S. The mutual actions between acidity fluid and carbonate promoted the forming of secondary carbonate holes. Through the experiment of corrosion of the samples of Feixianguan carbonate reservoir in saturated aqueous solution of hydrogen sulfide, the porosity and permeability increased greatly, porosity increased 2% and permeability increased nearly two quantity degrees, also the density became light, which confirm the corrosion and reform actions of H2S to carbonate. | MA YongSheng GUO TongLou ZHU GuangYou CAI XunYu XIE ZengYe | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 15 |
| 4 | Source Rocks for the Giant Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin:Implication for Petroleum Exploration in Marine Sequences in South China显示文摘摘要:详细地球化学研究被进行在巨大的 Puguang 煤气的领域里调查稳固的沥青和烃气体的起源。稳固的沥青的二种类型被认出:低硫在在 Xujiahe 形成和高硫的沙岩水库的沥青满足的满意的、低反射(LSLR ) 固体,高反射(HSHR ) 固体在在更低的三叠纪的 Feixianguan 和上面的二叠的 Changxing 形成的碳酸盐水库的沥青。在上面的三叠纪的 Xujiahe 形成的稳固的沥青与摘录相关很好从上面对在同位素的作文的侏罗记 nonmarine 来源岩石三叠纪浸透并且芳香的部分和 biomarker 分发。在 Feixianguan 和 Changxing 形成的稳固的沥青与摘录从显然不同寒武纪并且志留纪岩石但是在同位素的作文两个都从上面的二叠的来源岩石与摘录显示合理关联浸透并且芳香的部分并且在 biomarker 分发,建议二叠特别上面的二叠的 Longtan 形成是在在在 th 的 Feixianguan 和 Changxing 形成的碳酸盐水库的稳固的沥青的主要来源天然气的化学、同位素的作文显示烃气体的多数从生存于富有腐殖质的有机物发源并且是积累的油的热裂开的产品。这研究显示生存于富有腐殖质的有机物统治的那来源岩石存在在上面二叠并且做了主要贡献到巨大的 Puguang 煤气的地,它在华南在海洋的序列为石油探索有重要牵连。 | ZOU Huayao HAO Fang ZHU Yangming GUO Tonglou CAI Xunyu LI Pingping ZHANG Xuefeng | 2008 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2008，82，3： | 11 |
| 5 | Process and mechanism for oil and gas accumulation, adjustment and reconstruction in Puguang Gas Field, Northeast Sichuan Basin, China显示文摘With the discoveries of a series of large gas fields in the northeast of Sichuan Basin, such as Puguang and Longgang gas fields, the formation mechanism of the gas reservoir containing high H2S in the ancient marine carbonate formation in superposition-basin becomes a hot topic in the field of petroleum geology. Based on the structure inversion, numerical simulation, and geochemical research, we show at least two intervals of fluid transfer in Puguang paleo-oil reservoir, one in the forepart of late Indo-Chinese epoch to early Yanshan epoch and the other in the metaphase of early Yanshan epoch. Oil and gas accumulation occurred at Puguang structure through Puguang-Dongyuezhai faults and dolomite beds in reef and shoal facies in Changxing Formation (P2ch) - Feixianguan Formation (T1f) in the northwest and southwest directions along three main migration pathways, to form Puguang paleo-oil reservoir. Since crude oil is pyrolysised in the early stage of middle Yanshan epoch, Puguang gas reservoir has experienced fluid adjusting process controlled by tectonic movement and geochemical reconstruction process controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Middle Yan-shan epoch is the main period during which the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. On one hand, TSR can recreate the fluid in gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index larger and carbon isotope heavier. On the other hand, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR (hydrocarbon, H2S, and water) and reservoir rock induces erosion of the reservoir rocks and anhydrite alteration, which improves reservoir petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed. | DU ChunGuo HAO Fang ZOU HuaYao ZHU YangMing CAI XunYu WANG CunWu | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，9： | 6 |
| 6 | Accumulation Mechanisms and Evolution History of the Giant Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,China显示文摘稳固的沥青在 Puguang 煤气的地里在整个碳酸盐水库被发现,最大的煤气的地到目前为止在中国在海洋的碳酸盐发现了,证实 Puguang 煤气的地从一座 paleo 油水库演变。液体水管系统在这域里的集中的油累积的时候被重建,并且石油移植小径用一个 3-D 模型被建模并且由 geochemical 参数跟踪了。向前建模并且倒置跟踪与对方一起与一致,两个显示油在 Puguang-Dongyuezhai 结构积累了从一个生产厨房发源到 Puguang 气体地的西北。生存于富有腐殖质的有机物在东北四川盆,是垂直地近来源的岩石和旁边地在生产附近的厨房的液体水管系统的发展,并且集中油统治的器官富人的上面的二叠的来源岩石的免职从生产厨房的一个大区域发源,是为巨大的 Puguang 煤气的地从演变的巨大的paleo油水库的形成的三个要求。Puguang 煤气的地经历了三阶段的进化。累积以后的进程,特别在 hydrocarbon-water-rock 系统的器官无机的相互作用,深刻地不仅改变了石油液体的作文和特征,而且显然在水库改变了物理化学的条件并且导致了碳酸盐矿物质的复杂降水和答案。 | HAO Fang GUO Tonglou DU Chunguo ZOU Huayao CAI Xunyu ZHU Yangming LI Pingping WANG Chunwu ZHANG Yuanchun | 2009 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2009，83，1： | 4 |
| 7 | Characteristics and formation mechanism of Changxing Formation-Feixianguan Formation reef-shoal reservoirs in Yuanba Gasfield显示文摘Taking advantage of the successful experience in exploring and discovering the Puguang Gasfield,and targeting the Changxing Formation-Feixianguan Formation organic reef and shoal lithological trap,SINOPEC drilled Well Yuanba 1 in the Bazhong area in Northeast Sichuan in 2006,and discovered the Yuanba Gasfield with a high-production commercial gas flow of 503×10^(3) m^(3)/d.As a normal-pressured lithological gas reservoir with high H_(2)S content,Yuanba Gasfield is characterized by weak tectonic deformation and deep burial,with an average depth of 6,600 m in the central part of the gas reservoir,and is the deepest marine gas field in the Sichuan Basin.Yuanba Gasfield is dominated by large-scale reef-shoal reservoirs of Changxing Formation.The formation of the reservoirs was primarily controlled by early meteoric freshwater dissolution and dolomitization,and less affected by deep-burial dissolution and tectonic movement.A comparative analysis was made on the characteristics of deep reef-shoal reservoirs in the Yuanba and Puguang gas fields so as to explore their formation mechanisms.It is concluded that the reservoir size and early pore development was controlled by early depositional-diagenetic environment.Fracture formation and dissolution were controlled by structure-fluid coupling,pore reworking and preservation is determined by fluid-rock interaction. | Yongsheng Ma Xunyu Cai Peirong Zhao | 2016 | Petroleum Research2016，1，2： | 3 |
| 8 | China's shale gas exploration and development: Understanding and practice显示文摘Through detailed analyses of the distribution characteristics of organic-rich shale, appearance features of high-quality shale, microscopic characteristics of shale reservoir rocks, fracability, and the relationship between preservation conditions and shale gas enrichment in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin, theoretical understandings and specific suggestions with respect to the exploration and development of shale gas in China are summarized and proposed respectively. Important geological understandings in the exploration and development of shale gas of the Wufeng Formation–Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin can be summarized into the following aspects: depositional environment and depositional process control the distribution of organic-rich shale; high quality shale in 'sweet spot segments' are commonly characterized by high content of organic carbon, high brittleness, high porosity and gas content; organic pores are important storage space for the enrichment of shale gas; preservation conditions are the key factor for the geological evaluation of shale gas in structurally complex regions; shale gas can be considered as 'artificial gas reservoirs' and the fracability assessment is essential for high-production; nanoscale storage space and the mode of occurrence control the special seepage characteristics of shale gas. The following suggestions are proposed for the development of China's shale gas industry:(1) focus more on fundamental research to achieve new breakthrough in the geological theory of shale gas;(2) emphasize exploration practices to have all-round discoveries in multiple strata;(3) study the regularities of development and production to establish new models of shale gas development;(4) think creatively to invent new technologies to tackle key problems;(5) explore the management innovation to create new mechanisms in shale gas development. | MA Yongsheng CAI Xunyu ZHAO Peirong | 2018 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2018，45，4： | 3 |
| 9 | Practice and theoretical and technical progress in exploration and development of Shunbei ultra-deep carbonate oil and gas field,Tarim Basin,NW China显示文摘In this review on the exploration and development process of the Shunbei ultra-deep carbonate oil and gas field in the Tarim Basin, the progress of exploration and development technologies during the National 13th Five-Year Plan of China has been summarized systematically, giving important guidance for the exploration and development of ultra-deep marine carbonate reservoirs in China and abroad. Through analyzing the primary geological factors of “hydrocarbon generation-reservoir formation-hydrocarbon accumulation” of ancient and superposed basin comprehensively and dynamically, we point out that because the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation high-quality source rocks have been located in a low-temperature environment for a long time, they were capable of generating hydrocarbon continuously in late stage, providing ideal geological conditions for massive liquid hydrocarbon accumulation in ultra-deep layers. In addition, strike-slip faults developed in tectonically stable areas have strong control on reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation in this region. With these understandings, the exploration focus shifted from the two paleo-uplifts located in the north and the south to the Shuntuoguole lower uplift located in between and achieved major hydrocarbon discoveries. Through continuing improvement of seismic exploration technologies for ultra-deep carbonates in desert, integrated technologies including seismic acquisition in ultra-deep carbonates,seismic imaging of strike-slip faults and the associated cavity-fracture systems, detailed structural interpretation of strike-slip faults, characterization and quantitative description of fault-controlled cavities and fractures, description of fault-controlled traps and target optimization have been established. Geology-engineering integration including well trajectory optimization,high efficiency drilling, completion and reservoir reformation technologies has provided important support for exploration and development of the Shunbei oil and gas field. | MA Yongsheng CAI Xunyu YUN Lu LI Zongjie LI Huili DENG Shang ZHAO Peirong | 2022 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2022，49，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Theory,technology and practice of shale gas three-dimensional development:A case study of Fuling shale gas field in Sichuan Basin,SW China显示文摘In the Jiaoshiba block of the Fuling shale gas field,the employed reserves and recovery factor by primary well pattern are low,no obvious barrier is found in the development layer series,and layered development is difficult.Based on the understanding of the main factors controlling shale gas enrichment and high production,the theory and technology of shale gas three-dimensional development,such as fine description and modeling of shale gas reservoir,optimization of three-dimensional development strategy,highly efficient drilling with dense well pattern,precision fracturing and real-time control,are discussed.Three-dimensional development refers to the application of optimal and fast drilling and volume fracturing technologies,depending upon the sedimentary characteristics,reservoir characteristics and sweet spot distribution of shale gas,to form'artificial gas reservoir'in a multidimensional space,so as to maximize the employed reserves,recovery factor and yield rate of shale gas development.In the research on shale gas three-dimensional development,the geological+engineering sweet spot description is fundamental,the collaborative optimization of natural fractures and artificial fractures is critical,and the improvement of speed and efficiency in drilling and fracturing engineering is the guarantee.Through the implementation of three-dimensional development,the overall recovery factor in the Jiaoshiba block has increased from 12.6%to 23.3%,providing an important support for the continuous and stable production of the Fuling shale gas field. | SUN Huanquan CAI Xunyu HU Degao LU Zhiyong ZHAO Peirong ZHENG Aiwei LI Jiqing WANG Haitao | 2023 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2023，50，3： | 1 |
| 11 | The Puguang gas field: New giant dis- covery in the mature Sichuan Basin, southwest China 显示文摘 | Ma Yongsheng Guo Xusheng Guo Tonglou Huang Rui Cai Xunyu Li Guoxiong | 2007 | AAPG Bulletin2007，91，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Evidence for multiple stages of oil cracking and thermochemical sulfate reduction in the Puguang gas field, Sichuan Basin, China 显示文摘 | Hao Fang Guo Tonglou Zhu Yangming Cai Xunyu Zou Huayao Li Pingping | 2008 | AAPG Bulletin2008，92，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Composition and Origin of Shallow Biogenetic Gases in the Baise Basin, South China显示文摘Based on the analytical data of over 30 gas samples, combined with geochemical and geological backgrounds, the composition and distribution characteristics of shallow biogenetic gases in the Baise Basin, a Tertiary residual basin in southern China, were extensively investigated, and the origin and formation mechanism tentatively approached. The shallow gases are primarily composed of gaseous hydrocarbons, generally accounting for over 90%. The abundances of methane and C2+ homologues show a relatively wide range of variation, mainly 50%–100% and 0%–50%, respectively, depending on the mixing proportions between biogenetic and thermogenic gases. A highly negative carbon isotope is the significant signature for the shallow gases with δ13C1 values of ?55‰ to ?75‰. According to molecular and isotopic compositions and light hydrocarbon parameters, the shallow gases in the basin can be classified into three types of origins: biogenetic gas, biogenetic/thermogenic mixed gas, and oil-biodegraded gas. They exhibit regular distribution both spatially and temporally, and are believed to be associated with the maturity of adjoining gas source rocks and biodegraded oil accumulation. The Baigang and Nadu source rocks can be considered to have experienced early and late gas generation during early burial and after basin uplift respectively. A late accumulation mechanism of multiple gas sources is put forward for the formation of the shallow gas reservoirs, which is responsible for the variations in chemical and isotopic composition of the gases in depth profile. | ZHU Yangming WENG Huanxin ZOU Huayao CAI Xunyu HUANG Shaofu LUO Yi | 2006 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2006，80，1： | 0 |
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