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| 1 | Structural and biochemical mechanism for increased infectivity and immune evasion of Omicron BA.2 variant compared to BA.1 and their possible mouse origins显示文摘The Omicron BA.2 variant has become a dominant infective strain worldwide.Receptor binding studies show that the Omicron BA.2 spike trimer exhibits 11-fold and 2-fold higher potency in binding to human ACE2 than the spike trimer from the wildtype(WT)and Omicron BA.1 strains.The structure of the BA.2 spike trimer complexed with human ACE2 reveals that all three receptor-binding domains(RBDs)in the spike trimer are in open conformation,ready for ACE2 binding,thus providing a basis for the increased infectivity of the BA.2 strain.JMB2002,a therapeutic antibody that was shown to efficiently inhibit Omicron BA.1,also shows potent neutralization activities against Omicron BA.2.In addition,both BA.1 and BA.2 spike trimers are able to bind to mouse ACE2 with high potency.In contrast,the WT spike trimer binds well to cat ACE2 but not to mouse ACE2.The structures of both BA.1 and BA.2 spike trimer bound to mouse ACE2 reveal the basis for their high affinity interactions.Together,these results suggest a possible evolution pathway for Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants via a human-cat-mouse-human circle,which could have important implications in establishing an effective strategy for combating SARS-CoV-2 viral infections. | Youwei Xu Canrong Wu Xiaodan Cao Chunyin Gu Heng Liu Meriting Jiang Xiaoxi Wang Qingning Yuan Kai Wu Jia Liu Deyi Wang Xianqing He Xueping Wang Su-Jun Deng H.Eric Xu Wanchao Yin | 2022 | Cell Research2022，32，7： | 6 |
| 2 | Comparative genomics of orobanchaceous species with different parasitic lifestyles reveals the origin and stepwise evolution of plant parasitism显示文摘Orobanchaceae is the largest family of parasiticplants,containing autotrophic and parasiticplants with all degrees of parasitism.This makes it byfar the best family for studying the origin and evolution of plant parasitism.Here we provide three high-quality genomes of orobanchaceous plants,the autotrophic Lindenbergia luchunensis and the holoparasitic plants Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche cumana.Phylogenomic analysis of these three genomes together with those previously published and the transcriptomes of other orobanchaceous species createda robust phylogeneticframework forOrobanchaceae.We found that an ancient whole-genome duplication(WGD;about 73.48million years ago),which occurred earlierthan theoriginof Orobanchaceae,mighthave contributed totheemergence of parasitism.However,no WGD events occurred in any lineage of orobanchaceous parasites except for Striga after divergence from their autotrophic common ancestor,suggesting that,in contrast with previous speculations,WGD is not associated with the emergence of holoparasitism.We detected evident convergent gene loss in all parasites within Orobanchaceae and between Orobanchaceae and dodder Cuscuta australis.The gene families in the orobanchaceous parasites showed a clear pattern of recent gains and expansions.The expanded gene families are enriched in functions related to the development of the haustorium,suggesting that recent gene family expansions may have facilitated the adaptation of orobanchaceous parasites to different hosts.This study illustrates a stepwise pattern in the evolution of parasitism in the orobanchaceous parasites and will facilitate future studieson parasitism and the control of parasitic plants in agriculture. | Yuxing Xu Jingxiong Zhang Canrong Ma Yunting Lei Guojing Shen Jianjun Jin Deren A.R.Eaton' Jianqiang Wu | 2022 | Molecular Plant2022，15，8： | 0 |
| 3 | A LAGRANGIAN RELAXATION-BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE ALLOCATION OF YARD CRANES FOR YARD ACTIVITIES WITH DIFFERENT PRIORITIES显示文摘This paper proposes a mixed integer programming model for the allocation of rail mounted gantry cranes for four basic yard activities with different priorities.The model pays special attention to the typical features of this kind of gantry cranes,such as a restricted traveling range and a limited number of adjustments during loading and discharging operations.In contrast to most of the literature dealing with these four yard activities individually,this paper models them into an integrated problem,whose computational complexity is proved to be NP-hard.We are therefore motivated to develop a Lagrangian relaxation-based heuristic to solve the problem.We compare the proposed heuristic with the branch-and-bound method that uses commercial software packages.Extensive computational results show that the proposed heuristic achieves competitive solution qualities for solving the tested problems. | Canrong ZHANG Tao WU Li ZHENG Lixin MIAO | 2013 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2013，22，2： | 0 |
| 4 | ZmMYC2s play important roles in maize responses to simulated herbivory and jasmonate显示文摘Both herbivory and jasmonic acid(JA)activate the biosynthesis of defensive metabolites in maize,but the mechanism underlying this remains unclear.We generated maize mutants in which ZmMYC2a and ZmMYC2b,two transcription factor genes important in JA signaling,were individually or both knocked out.Genetic and biochemical analyses were used to elucidate the functions of ZmMYC2 proteins in the maize response to simulated herbivory and JA.Compared with the wild-type(WT)maize,the double mutant myc2ab was highly susceptible to insects,and the levels of benzoxazinoids and volatile terpenes,and the levels of their biosynthesis gene transcripts,were much lower in the mutants than in the WT maize after simulated insect feeding or JA treatment.Moreover,ZmMYC2a and ZmMYC2b played a redundant role in maize resistance to insects and JA signaling.Transcriptome and Cleavage Under Targets and TagmentationSequencing(CUT&Tag-Seq)analysis indicated that ZmMYC2s physically targeted 60%of the JAresponsive genes,even though only 33%of these genes were transcriptionally ZmMYC2-dependent.Importantly,CUT&Tag-Seq and dual luciferase assays revealed that ZmMYC2s transactivate the benzoxazinoid and volatile terpene biosynthesis genes IGPS1/3,BX10/11/12/14,and TPS10/2/3/4/5/8 by directly binding to their promoters.Furthermore,several transcription factors physically targeted by ZmMYC2s were identified,and these are likely to function in the regulation of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis.This work reveals the transcriptional regulatory landscapes of both JA signaling and ZmMYC2s in maize and provides comprehensive mechanistic insight into how JA signaling modulates defenses in maize responses to herbivory through ZmMYC2s. | Canrong Ma Ruoyue Li Yan Sun Mou Zhang Sen Li Yuxing Xu Juan Song Jing Li Jinfeng Qi Lei Wang Jianqiang Wu | 2023 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2023，65，4： | 0 |
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