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| 1 | New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy represents a dynamic period with physical and physiological changes in both the mother and her developing fetus. The dramatic 2–3 fold increase in the active hormone 1,25(OH)2 D concentrations during the early weeks of pregnancy despite minimal increased calcium demands during that time of gestation and which are sustained throughout pregnancy in both the mother and fetus suggests an immunomodulatory role in preventing fetal rejection by the mother. While there have been numerous observational studies that support the premise of vitamin D's role in maintaining maternal and fetal well-being, until recently, there have been few randomized clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation. One has to exhibit caution,however, even with RCTs, whose results can be problematic when analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis and when there is high non-adherence to protocol(as if often the case), thereby diluting the potential good or harm of a given treatment at higher doses. As such, a biomarker of a drug or in this case 'vitamin' or pre-prohormone is better served. For these reasons, the effect of vitamin D therapies using the biomarker circulating 25(OH)D is a far better indicator of true 'effect.' When pregnancy outcomes are analyzed using the biomarker 25(OH)D instead of treatment dose, there are notable differences in maternal and fetal outcomes across diverse racial/ethnic groups, with improved health in those women who attain a circulating25(OH)D concentration of at least 100 nmol · L-1(40 ng · m L-1). Because an important issue is the timing or initiation of vitamin D treatment/supplementation, and given the potential effect of vitamin D on placental gene expression and its effects on inflammation within the placenta, it appears crucial to start vitamin D treatment before placentation(and trophoblast invasion); however, this question remains unanswered.Additional work is needed to decipher the vitamin D requirements of pregnant women and the optimal timing of supplementation, taking into account a variety of lifestyles, body types, baseline vitamin D status,and maternal and fetal vitamin D receptor(VDR) and vitamin D binding protein(VDBP) genotypes.Determining the role of vitamin D in nonclassical, immune pathways continues to be a challenge that once answered will substantiate recommendations and public health policies. | Bruce W Hollis Carol L Wagner | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，3： | 5 |
| 2 | King, Lessons for the Futures of Journals显示文摘 | Carol Tenopir Donald W | 2001 | Nature2001，413，： | 2 |
| 3 | Glyphosate toxicity and the effects of long - term vegetation control on soil microbial communities 显示文摘 | Busse Matt D Ratcliff Alice W Shestak Carol J Powers Robert F | 2001 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2001，33，： | 2 |
| 4 | Sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasound screening for endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women: a case-control study within the UKCTOCS cohort显示文摘 | Ian Jacobs Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj Matthew Burnell Ranjit Manchanda Naveena Singh Aarti Sharma Andy Ryan Mourad W Seif Nazar N Amso Gillian Turner Carol Brunell Gwendolen Fletcher Rani Rangar Kathy Ford Keith Godfrey Alberto Lopes David Oram Jonathan He | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Learning domain ontologies for semantic Web service descriptions显示文摘 | MARTA S CHRIS W CAROLE G | 2005 | Web Semantics:Science Services and Agents on the World Wide Web2005，，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Negative pH and extremely acidic mine waters from ironmountain, Califomia显示文摘 | DARRELL K N CHARLES N A CAROL J P DAVID W B | 2000 | Environmental Science and Technology2000，34，： | 1 |
| 7 | Dynamics of MONOPTEROS and PIN-FORMED1 expression during leaf vein pattern formation in Arabido psis thaliana 显示文摘 | CAROL L W MATHIAS S QIAN YU | 2007 | The Plant Journal2007，49，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Cysteine protease gene expression and proteolytic activity during senescence of Alstroemeria petals显示文摘 | Carol W Michael K L Gareth G | 2002 | Journal of Experimental Botany2002，53，： | 1 |
| 9 | Amitfiptyline-mediated cognitive enhancement in aged 3xTg Alzheimer's disease mice is associated with neurogenesis and neurotrophic activity 显示文摘 | Chadwick W Mitchell N Caroll J | 2011 | PLoS One2011，6，21： | 1 |
| 10 | Liquefaction of Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus-Infected Insects Is Dependent on the Integrity of Virus-Encoded Chitinase and Cathepsin Genes显示文摘 | Rachael E Hawtin Tamara Zarkowska Kevin Arnold Carole J Thomas Graham W Gooday Linda A King John A Kuzio Robert D Possee | 1997 | Virology1997，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Clinical lactate values during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants less than 6 kilograms显示文摘 | Carole H Paul S Gregor W | 2001 | Canadian Perfusion Canadienne2001，11，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants,children,and adolescents显示文摘 | Carol L W Frank R G the Section on Breastfeeding and Committee on Nutrition | 2008 | Pediatrics2008，122，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Oleate desaturase enzymes of soybean : evidence of regulation through differential stabili- ty and phosphorylation 显示文摘 | Tang G Q Novitzky W P Carol G H | 2005 | The Plant Journal2005，44，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Development and implementation of the effective force testing method for seismic simulation of large-scale structures 显示文摘 | Shield Carol K French Catherine W John Timm | 2001 | The Royal Society2001，359，1786： | 1 |
| 15 | Expression,purification,and biochemical characterization of WbpP,a New UDP-GlcNAc C4 epimerase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serotype O6显示文摘 | Carole Creuzenet Myriam Belanger Wakarchuk W W | 2000 | J Biolog Chem2000，275，19： | 1 |
| 16 | Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Marcia S Brose Christopher M Nutting Barbara Jarzab Rossella Elisei Salvatore Siena Lars Bastholt Christelle de la Fouchardiere Furio Pacini Ralf Paschke Young Kee Shong Steven I Sherman Johannes W A Smit John Chung Christian Kappeler Carol Pe?a István Mo | 2014 | The Lancet2014，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Sources and Transformations of Nitrate from Streams Draining Varying Land Uses: Evidence from Dual Isotope Analysis显示文摘 | Burns Douglas A Boyer Elizabeth W Elliott Emily M Kendall Carol | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Quality2009，，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Protections of fiber and fabric uses and the factors contributing to military clothing comfort and satisfaction显示文摘 | HOWARD G S ARM AND V C CAROLE W | 2005 | Textile Research Journal2005，75，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Initial intravenous gamma-globulin treatment failure in Kawasaki disease显示文摘 | Carol A Wallace MD James W | 2000 | J of pediatrics2000，105，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Tobacco protein separation 1 aqueous two - phase extraction 显示文摘 | Deepa B Carol W Kevin V C | 2003 | Joural of Chromatography A2003，989，： | 1 |
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