| 2 | Gastric intestinal metaplasia development in African American predominant United States population显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer significantly contributes to cancer mortality globally.Gastric intestinal metaplasia(GIM)is a stage in the Correa cascade and a premalignant lesion of gastric cancer.The natural history of GIM formation and progression over time is not fully understood.Currently,there are no clear guidelines on GIM surveillance or management in the United States.AIM To investigate factors associated with GIM development over time in African American-predominant study population.METHODS This is a retrospective longitudinal study in a single tertiary hospital in Washington DC.We retrieved upper esophagogastroduodenoscopies(EGDs)with gastric biopsies from the pathology department database from January 2015 to December 2020.Patients included in the study had undergone two or more EGDswith gastric biopsy.Patients with no GIM at baseline were followed up until they developed GIM or until the last available EGD.Exclusion criteria consisted of patients age<18,pregnancy,previous diagnosis of gastric cancer,and missing data including pathology results or endoscopy reports.The study population was divided into two groups based on GIM status.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard induced by patient demographics,EGD findings,and Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)status on the GIM status.RESULTS Of 2375 patients who had at least 1 EGD with gastric biopsy,579 patients were included in the study.138 patients developed GIM during the study follow-up period of 1087 d on average,compared to 857 d in patients without GIM(P=0.247).The average age of GIM group was 64 years compared to 56 years in the non-GIM group(P<0.001).In the GIM group,adding one year to the age increases the risk for GIM formation by 4%(P<0.001).Over time,African Americans,Hispanic,and other ethnicities/races had an increased risk of GIM compared to Caucasians with a hazard ratio(HR)of 2.12(1.16,3.87),2.79(1.09,7.13),and 3.19(1.5,6.76)respectively.No gender difference was observed between the study populations.Gastritis was associated with an increased risk for GIM development with an HR of 1.62(1.07,2.44).On the other hand,H.pylori infection did not increase the risk for GIM.CONCLUSION An increase in age and non-Caucasian race/ethnicity are associated with an increased risk of GIM formation.The effect of H.pylori on GIM is limited in low prevalence areas. | Akram I Ahmad Arielle Lee Claire Caplan Colin Wikholm Ioannis Pothoulakis Zaynab Almothafer NishthaRaval Samantha Marshall Ankit Mishra Nicole Hodgins In Guk Kang Raymond K Chang Zachary Dailey Arvin Daneshmand Anjani Kapadia Jae Hak Oh Brittney Rodriguez Abhinav Sehgal Matthew Sweeney Christopher B Swisher Daniel F Childers Corinne O'Connor Lynette M Sequeira Won Cho | 2022 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2022，14，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Particle-Mediated Histotripsy for the Targeted Treatment of Intraluminal Biofilms in Catheter-Based Medical Devices显示文摘Objective.This paper is an initial work towards developing particle-mediated histotripsy(PMH)as a novel method of treating catheter-based medical device(CBMD)intraluminal biofilms.Impact Statement.CBMDs commonly become infected with bacterial biofilms leading to medical device failure,infection,and adverse patient outcomes.Introduction.Histotripsy is a noninvasive focused ultrasound ablation method that was recently proposed as a novel method to remove intraluminal biofilms.Here,we explore the potential of combining histotripsy with acoustically active particles to develop a PMH approach that can noninvasively remove biofilms without the need for high acoustic pressures or real-time image guidance for targeting.Methods.Histotripsy cavitation thresholds in catheters containing either gas-filled microbubbles(MBs)or fluid-filled nanocones(NCs)were determined.The ability of these particles to sustain cavitation over multiple ultrasound pulses was tested after a series of histotripsy exposures.Next,the ability of PMH to generate selective intraluminal cavitation without generating extraluminal cavitation was tested.Finally,the biofilm ablation and bactericidal capabilities of PMH were tested using both MBs and NCs.Results.PMH significantly reduced the histotripsy cavitation threshold,allowing for selective luminal cavitation for both MBs and NCs.Results further showed PMH successfully removed intraluminal biofilms in Tygon catheters.Finally,results from bactericidal experiments showed minimal reduction in bacteria viability.Conclusion.The results of this study demonstrate the potential for PMH to provide a new modality for removing bacterial biofilms from CBMDs and suggest that additional work is warranted to develop histotripsy and PMH for treatment of CBMD intraluminal biofilms. | Christopher Childers Connor Edsall Isabelle Mehochko Waleed Mustafa Yasemin Yuksel Durmaz Alexander L.Klibanov Jayasimha Rao Eli Vlaisavljevich | 2022 | Biomedical Engineering Frontiers2022，3，1： | 0 |
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