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| 1 | Use of second generation contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the assessment of focal liver lesions显示文摘Ultrasound (US) is often the first imaging modality employed in patients with suspected focal liver lesions. The role of US in the characterisation of focal liver lesions has been transformed with the introduction of specific contrast media and the development of specialized imaging techniques. Ultrasound now can fully characterise the enhancement pattern of hepatic lesions, similar to that achieved with contrast enhanced multiphasic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). US contrast agents are safe, well-tolerated and have very few contraindications. Furthermore, real-time evaluation of the vascularity of focal liver lesions has become possible with the use of the newer microbubble contrast agents. This article reviews the enhancement pattern of the most frequent liver lesions seen, using the second generation US contrast media. The common pitfalls for each type of lesion are discussed. The recent developments in US contrast media and specific imaging techniques have been a major advance and this technique, in view of the intrinsic advantages of US, will undoubtedly gain popularity in the years to come. | Stanislas HX Morin Adrian KP Lim eremy FL Cobbold Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，45： | 16 |
| 2 | Current and future applications of in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy in hepatobiliary disease显示文摘原子磁性的回声光谱学允许细胞的生物化学和新陈代谢的学习,在整个身体在活体内并且在更高的磁场力量在试管内。因为这种技术非侵略、非选择,磁性的回声光谱学方法论广泛地在生物化学和药被使用了。房间,身体液体和纸巾的在试管内磁性的回声光谱学研究在医药生物化学被使用了调查 pathophysiological 过程,更最近,这种技术被医生使用了决定疾病畸形在活体内。这个加亮的话题说明在试管内的潜力在学习肝胆管系统的磁性的回声光谱学。在恶意、非恶意的肝疾病和胆汁作文的学习的磁性的回声光谱学学习的在试管内质子和磷的角色被讨论,特别地与关联词在活体内的参考整个身体的磁性的回声光谱学应用。在摘要,磁性的回声光谱学技术能在到内在的 pathophysiological 过程的疾病严厉和指针上提供非侵略的生物化学的信息。磁性的回声光谱学为疾病简历标记,以及估计的治疗学的反应作为一个屏蔽工具保持潜在的诺言。 | I Jane Cox Amar Sharif Jeremy FL Cobbold Howard C Thomas Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，30： | 10 |
| 3 | Role of microbubble ultrasound contrast agents in the non-invasive assessment of chronic hepatitis C-related liver disease显示文摘长期地感染丙肝病毒的病人经常得长期的肝疾病,对肝损伤的严厉的评价在认为病毒的根除是治疗以前被要求。这篇文章检验从标准答案肝活体检视当前可得到的各种各样的评价方法到血清学的标记和成像。超声是在临床的实践的最广泛地使用的成像形式之一并且已经是为肝疾病的一个首要的诊断工具。Microbubble 超声对比代理人允许更高的分辨率要获得的图象和对要执行的微脉管的变化的功能的评价。在确定的这些代理人的角色肝的损害的状态作为与丙肝在病人决定肝疾病的阶段和等级的一个可行方法被讨论。尽管当前限制了到专家中心,提高对比的超声将不可避免地在临床的背景增加的微水泡的可获得性。 | Scott Grier Adrian KP Lim Nayna Patel Jeremy FL Cobbold Howard C Thomas Isobel J Cox Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，22： | 2 |
| 4 | TGF - 显示文摘 | Regateiro FS Howie D Cobbold SP | 2011 | Curr Opin Immunol2011，23，5： | 1 |
| 5 | The use of NGAL and IP-10 in the prediction of early acute rejection in highly sensitized patients following HLA-incompatible renal transplantation显示文摘 | Field M Lowe D Cobbold M | 2014 | Transpl Int2014，27，4： | 1 |
| 6 | TGF-13 in transplantation tolerance显示文摘 | Regateiro FS Howie D Cobbold SP | 2011 | Curr Opin Immunol2011，23，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Isolation and expression of cDNA encoding the canine CD4 and CD8 alpha antigens显示文摘 | Gorman S D Frewin M R Cobbold D | 1994 | Tissue Antigens1994，43，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Hepatic encephalopathy 显示文摘 | Patel D McPhail MJ Cobbold JF | 2012 | Br J Hosp Med (Lond)2012，73，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Cenozoic crustal thickening, wrenching and rifting in the foothills of the southernmost Andes显示文摘 | Diraisou M Cobbold P R Gapais D | 2000 | Tectonophysics2000，36，12： | 1 |
| 10 | TGF-β in transplantation tolerance显示文摘 | Regateiro FS Howie D Cobbold SP | 2011 | Curr Opin Immunol2011，23，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Free calcium increases in exponential phases during mouse oocyte activation显示文摘 | Cuthbertson K S R Whittingham D G Cobbold P H | 1981 | Nature1981，294，： | 1 |
| 12 | Isolation and Expression of cDNA Encoding the Canine CD4 and CD8 Alpha Antigens 显示文摘 | GORMAN S D FREWIN M R COBBOLD D | 1994 | Tissue Antigens1994，43，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Effects of calcium intake on the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women 显示文摘 | Challoumas D Cobbold C Dimitrakakis G | 2013 | AtherosClerosis2013，231，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Free Ca^2+ increases in exponential phases during mouse oocyte activation显示文摘 | CUTHBERTSON K S WHITTINGHAM D G COBBOLD P H | 1981 | Nature1981，294，5843： | 1 |
| 15 | Least squares palinspastic restoration of regions of normal faulting-application to the Campos basin(Brazil)显示文摘 | Cobbold P R Szatmari P | 1993 | Tectonophysics1993，221，： | 1 |
| 16 | Least-squares restoration of tertiary thrust sheets in map view,Tajik depression,central Asian显示文摘 | Cobbold P R Rouby D | 1997 | Journal of Geophysical Research1997，102，27： | 1 |
| 17 | Tectonic significance of fault-slip date 显示文摘 | Gaais D Cobbold P R Bourgeois O | 2000 | Journal of Structural Geology2000，22，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Characterization of muhidrug-resistantEscherichia coli isolated from extraintestinal clinical infections in animals 显示文摘 | GIBSON J S COBBOLD R N TROTT D J | 2010 | Journal of Medical Microbiolo- gy2010，59，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Free calcium increases in exponential phases during mouse oocyte activation 显示文摘 | Cuthbertson K S Whittingham D G Cobbold P H | 1981 | Nature1981，294，： | 1 |
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