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| 1 | A 60-year journey of mycorrhizal research in China:Past,present and future directions显示文摘The significance of mycorrhizas(fungal roots in 90% of land plants) in plant nutrient acquisition and growth,element biogeo-chemical cycling and maintaining of terrestrial ecosystem structures has been globally established for more than 120 years.Great progress in mycorrhizal research in the past 60 years(1950-2009,1981-2009 in particular) has also been made across China,particularly in the mainland,Hong Kong and Taiwan.For instance,a total of 20 new and ~120 records of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungal species,30 new and ~800 records of ectomycorrhizal(EM) fungal species,a dozen of new and ~100 records of orchid mycorrhizal(OM) fungal species have been isolated by morphological observation and/or molecular identification in China since the 1950s.Great accomplishment has also been made in the following area,including fungal species richness and genetic structure,relationships between species composition and plant taxa,effects of mycorrhizal fungi on plant nutrient uptake and growth,resistances to pathogens and interactions with other soil microorganisms,potential of mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation and/or land reclamation,alterations of enzymatic activities in mycorrhizal plants,and elevated CO2 and O3 on root colonization and species diversity.Unfortunately,the international community cannot easily appreciate almost all Chinese mycorrhizal studies since the vast majority of them have been published in Chinese and/or in China-based journals.The aim of this review is to make a comprehensive exposure of the past and present China's major mycorrhizal research to the whole world,and then to suggest potential directions for the enhancement of future mycorrhizal research within and/or between the Chinese and international mycorrhizal community. | HE XinHua1,2,3*,DUAN YingHua2,CHEN YingLong4 & XU MingGang2 1School of Life Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650092,China 2Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization,Ministry of Agriculture of China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China 3Centre for Ecosystem Management,School of Natural Resources,Edith Cowan University,Joondalup,WA 6027 State Centre of Excellence for Ecohydrology,School of Plant Biology,University of Western Australia,Crawley,WA 6009,Australia 4School of Earth and Environment,University of Western Australia,Crawley,WA 6009,Australia | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，12： | 23 |
| 2 | An extended displacement discontinuity method for analysis of stress wave propagation in viscoelastic rock mass显示文摘An extended displacement discontinuity method (EDDM) is proposed to analyze the stress wave propagation in jointed viscoelastic rock mass (VRM).The discontinuities in a rock mass are divided into two groups.The primary group with an average geometrical size larger than or in the same order of magnitude of wavelength of a concerned stress wave is defined as 'macro-joints',while the secondary group with a high density and relatively small geometrical size compared to the wavelength is known as 'micro-defects'.The rock mass with micro-defects is modeled as an equivalent viscoelastic medium while the macro-joints in the rock mass are modeled explicitly as physical discontinuities.Viscoelastic properties of a micro-defected sedimentary rock are obtained by longitudinally impacting a cored long sedimentary rod with a pendulum.Wave propagation coefficient and dynamic viscoelastic modulus are measured.The EDDM is then successfully employed to analyze the wave propagation across macro-joint in VRM.The effect of the rock viscosity on the stress wave propagation is evaluated by comparing the results of VRM from the presented EDDM with those of an elastic rock mass (ERM) from the conventional displacement discontinuity method (CDDM).The CDDM is a special case of the EDDM under the condition that the rock viscosity is ignored.Comparison of the reflected and transmitted waves shows that the essential rock viscosity has a significant effect on stress wave attenuation.When a short propagation distance of a stress wave is considered,the results obtained from the CDDM approximate to the EDDM solutions,however,when the propagation distance is sufficiently long relative to the wavelength,the effect of rock viscosity on the stress wave propagation cannot be ignored. | L.F.Fan1,F.Ren1,G.W.Ma2 1 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798,Singapore 2 School of Civil and Resource Engineering,The University of Western Australia,Crawley,WA 6009,Australia | 2011 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2011，3，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Simulations of explosion-induced damage to underground rock chambers显示文摘A numerical approach is presented to study the explosion-induced pressure load on an underground rock chamber wall and its resultant damage to the rock chamber.Numerical simulations are carried out by using a modified version of the commercial software AUTODYN.Three different criteria,i.e.a peak particle velocity (PPV) criterion,an effective strain (ES) criterion,and a damage criterion,are employed to examine the explosion-induced damaged zones of the underground rock chamber.The results show that the charge chamber geometry,coupling condition and charge configuration affect significantly the dynamic pressure exerted on the rock chamber wall.Thus the chamber is damaged.An inaccurate approximation of pressure boundary ignoring the influences of these factors would result in an erroneous prediction of damaged area and damage intensity of the charge chamber.The PPV criterion yields the largest damaged zone while the ES criterion gives the smallest one.The presented numerical simulation method is superior in consideration of the chamber geometry,loading density,coupling condition and rock quality.The predicted damage intensity of rock mass can be categorized quantitatively by an isotropic damage scalar.Safe separation distance of adjacent chambers for a specific charge weight is also estimated. | G.W.Ma1,H.Hao1,F.Wang2 1 School of Civil and Resource Engineering,The University of Western Australia,Crawley,WA 6009,Australia 2 Defense Science and Technology Agency,Singapore,109679,Singapore | 2011 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2011，3，1： | 7 |
| 4 | Midface fractwnes: Advantages of immediate extended open reduction and bone grafting 显示文摘 | Manson PN Crawley WA Yaramchuk MJ | 1985 | Plast Reconstr Surg1985，76，： | 1 |
| 5 | Midface fractures: advantages of immediate extended open reduction and bone grafting 显示文摘 | Manson PN Crawley WA Yaremchuk MJ | 1985 | Plast Reconstr Surg1985，76，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Frontal cranioplasty:Risk factors and choice of cranial vault reconstructive material 显示文摘 | Manson PN Crawley WA Hoopes JE | 1986 | Plast Reconstr Surg1986，77，： | 1 |
| 7 | Frontal cranioplasty: Risk factors and choice of cranial vault reconstructive material 显示文摘 | Manson PN Crawley WA Hoopes JE | 1986 | Plast-Reconstr Surg1986，77，： | 1 |
| 8 | Inferior alveolar nerve reconstruction with a polyglycolic acid bioabsorbable nerve conduit 显示文摘 | Crawley WA Dellon AL | 1992 | Plast Reconstr Surg1992，90，： | 1 |
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