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| 1 | A New Material of Lindera (Lauraceae) of the Late Pliocene from Tengchong, Yunnan and the Genus' Biogeography Significance显示文摘Lindera is a large genus of graceful, pleasantly scented and common native trees and shrubs of southern China and neighboring regions of SE Asia. There is a well-documented Cenozoic fossil record not only in these regions but also from elsewhere. A new fossil leaf record has been found in diatomite beds from the Upper Pliocene Mangbang Formation of Tuantian, Tengchong County, Yunnan. The leaves are identified and assigned to Lindera acuminatissima K. Q. Dao et B. N. Sun sp. nov., by comparing their leaf architecture and epidermal characteristics with those of 51 extant Lauraceae species and with 15 known fossil Lindera taxa. The specimens have well-preserved cuticles, with typical leaf architecture and epidermal characteristics of the Lauraceae, including entire leaf margin, intramarginal veins, basal ternate acrodromous primary veins, one-cell trichome base, paracytic stomatal apparatus, sunken guard cells, subsidiary hardly staining cells and presence of oil cells. These characteristics are consistent with Lindera sect. Daphnidium but are different from reported fossil and extant species of Lindera. The cuticles of Lindera are fragile and delicate with only three Lindera fossils reported based on this tissue. In terms of paleobiogeography, the fossil record indicates that Lindera is distributed in high- to mid-latitude regions of the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene northern hemisphere. Coincidentally, the records of Lindera located on both sides of the Bering Land Bridge possibly support the hypothesis that ancient plants extended via transcontinental exchanges through the Bering Corridor. In the Eocene, ancient Lindera spread to Europe through the Northern Degeer Route and the Southern Thulian Route. At the same time, ancient Lindera spread into Central Asia. Climatic changes and tectonization since the Neogene prevented the propagation of Lindera throughout Asia, North America and Europe, and hence the distribution areas have just regressed to the low-latitude regions in Asia and North America. From the Paleogene to the Neogene, Lindera has changed its distribution by surviving extreme climate changes. Quaternary glaciations ultimately led to Lindera becoming extinct in Europe. The new record from Tengchong, Yunnan, with its lower latitude located in tropical and subtropical regions, indicates that Lindera has lived in those regions since the late Pliocene. | DAO Kequn CHEN Junlin JIN Peihong DONG Chong YANG Yi XU Xiaohui WU Jingyu XIE Sanping LIN Zhicheng SUN Bainian | 2013 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2013，87，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Cuticular anatomy of Comia(Pteridospermae) from the Upper Permian of Yumen in Gansu Province, Northwestern China, and palaeoatmospheric CO_2 reconstruction显示文摘Comia macrofossils have been widely known from rocks of the Late Permian age in the Angaran and Cathaysian Palaeobiogeographic regions. However, the epidermal structure of the genus has not been reported. The new material with wellpreserved cuticles obtained from the Late Permian Sunan Formation in the west of Gansu Province, Northwestern China allows a new species to be attributed to this genus, namely Comia dashankouensis Dong C et Sun BN sp. nov. The cuticular features of the genus are described, including the general structures of lower and upper cuticles, stomata, and papillae. The stomatal density(SD) and stomatal index(SI) of fossil cuticles are routinely used today as a proxy in the reconstruction of palaeoatmospheric CO2 levels for the Cenezoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic eras. In particular, the cuticles of cycads, ginkgoes, conifers, and pteridosperms have frequently been used for this purpose. Within this study, the CO2 concentration of the early Late Permian was reconstructed by performing stomatal frequency analysis of these Comia fossils, suggesting a maximum palaeoatmospheric CO2 concentration of 1929.5 ppmv, consistent with the estimates obtained using GEOCARB III, and a minimum of 1157.8 ppmv, consistent with the estimates obtained using GEOCARB II. | DONG Chong XU XiaoHui WANG QiuJun MA FuJun YANG Yi DAO KeQun SUN BaiNian SUN KeQin | 2013 | 科学通报2013，58，S1： | 1 |
| 3 | The late Pliocene species with ternate venation of Lauraceae from Tuantian flora, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China显示文摘A number of fossil leaves of the Lauraceae were collected from Tuantian flora of the late Pliocene strata in Yunnan, China. They have a whole leaf shape and well-preserved cuticles. In this paper, features of the architecture and epidermis of three species of the Lauraceae family with ternate venation are reported. Results of the comparison between the venation characteristics of Lauraceae fossils from four fossil floras in the world and those of extant Lauraceae in China suggest that the proportion of Lauraceae species with ternate venation is increasing. The proportion has risen from 10% in the Eocene to 12.5% in the late Pliocene in China, whereas the proportion in the modern era is 21%. Moreover, the proportion of Australian floras with ternate venation has rised from 8.3% to 10% between the Eocene and the Miocene. Because of the effect of the global drought during the Cenozoic era, we suggested that species with ternate venation in Lauraceae have become increasingly prevalent between the Eocene era and the present day in China. Data on Nerriga flora and Maarlake flora since the Eocene era in the Southern Hemisphere show the same trend. While features of the leaf architecture and epidermis of Lindera acuminatissima differ in details. They all have similar identification characteristics with regard to basal eucamptodromous venation, interior 2° present, minor 2° simple brochidodromous, anticlinal walls, no surface ornamentation, lip-like guard cells, outer stomatal ledge plain or dimness, and paracytic stomatal aperture. These differences are also present in extant species. Compared with Lindera tonkinensis, the nearest living relative(NLR) of L. acuminatissima shows that these differences are relevant to the growth, position, and development of leaves. Leaf-type classification statistics of L. acuminatissima indicate that when all fossil leaves are taken into consideration, A-type leaves account for 24%, B-type leaves make up 56%, and C-typy leaves account for 20%. Comparing the above result with that of NLRs, A-type leaves are generally immature spires and cannot be preserved easily, B-type leaves are regular mature leaves and fossilize more easil, and C-type leaves are usually old leaves occurring at the bottom, broken, ill and consumed by worms. | DAO KeQun DONG Chong XU XiaoHui DU BaoXia WU JingYu XIE SanPing SUN BaiNian | 2013 | 科学通报2013，58，S1： | 0 |
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