| 1 | Control of hydrogen sulfide emissions using autotrophic denitrification landfill biocovers:engineering applications显示文摘Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)emitted from construction and demolition waste landfills has received increasing attention.Besides its unpleasant odor,longterm exposure to a very low concentration of H_(2)S can cause a public health issue.In the case of construction and demolition(C&D)waste landfills,where gas collection systems are not normally required,the generated H_(2)S is typically not controlled and the number of treatment processes to control H_(2)S emissions in situ is limited.An attractive alternative may be to use chemically or biologically active landfill covers.A few studies using various types of cover materials to attenuate H_(2)S emissions demonstrated that H_(2)S emissions can be effectively reduced.In this study,therefore,the costs and benefits of H_(2)S-control cover systems including compost,soil amended with lime,fine concrete,and autotrophic denitrification were evaluated.Based on a case-study landfill area of 0.04 km^(2),the estimated H_(2)S emissions of 80900 kg over the 15-year period and costs of active cover system components(ammonium nitrate fertilizer for autotrophic denitrification cover,lime,fine concrete,and compost),ammonium nitrate fertilizer is the most cost effective,followed by hydrated lime,fine concrete,and yard waste compost.Fine concrete and yard waste compost covers are expensive measures to control H_(2)S emissions because of the large amount of materials needed to create a cover.Controlling H_(2)S emissions using fine concrete and compost is less expensive at landfills that provide on-site concrete recovery and composting facilities;however,ammonium nitrate fertilizer or hydrated lime would still be more cost effective applications. | Daoroong SUNGTHONG Debra R.REINHART | 2011 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2011，5，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Endogamous marriage and the prevalence of hemoglobin E in ethnic groups of northern Thailand显示文摘Objective:To investigate the impact of the endogamous marriage culture on the prevalence of the hemoglobin E(HbE) recessive variant.Methods:The prevalence of the hemoglobin E(HbE)recessive variant was determined by dot-blot hybridization in 4 endogamous villages(1 Mlabri and 3 Htin ethnic groups) in comparison with 9 other nearby non-endogamous populations.Results:Although the overall HbE prevalence in the population studied(8.44%,33/391)was not significantly different from that of the general southeast Asian population,a high prevalence and individuals with homozygous HbE were observed in two villages,the Mlabri from Wiang Sa district and the Htin from Thung Chang district of Nan province(26.3%and26.9%,respectively).The low HbE allelic frequency noticed in some endogamous populations suggests that not only endogamy but also other evolutionary forces,such as founder effect and HbE/β-thalassemia negative selection may have an effect on the distribution of the HbE trait.Conclusion:Our study strongly documents that cultural impact has to be considered in the extensive prevalence studies for genetic disorders in the ethnic groups of northern Thailand. | Praphat Ruengthanoo Pathrapol Lithanatudom Pitsinee Inthi Janjira Termphiriyakit Phaivit Laphyai Daoroong Kangwanpong Duncan R.Smith Jatupol Kampuansai | 2017 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2017，10，4： | 0 |
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