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您的检索式：作者名="David M.Hillis"
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| 1 | Asymmetric biotic interchange across the Bering land bridge between Eurasia and North America显示文摘The exchange of biotas between Eurasia and North America across the Bering land bridge had a major impact on ecosystems of both continents throughout the Cenozoic. This exchange has received particular attention regarding placental mammals dispersing into the Americas, including humans after the last glacial period, and also as an explanation for the disjunct distribution of related seed plants in eastern Asia and eastern North America. Here, we investigate bi-directional dispersal across the Bering land bridge from estimates of dispersal events based on time-calibrated phylogenies of a broad range of plant, fungus and animal taxa. We reveal a long-lasting phase of asymmetrical biotic interchange, with a peak of dispersal from Asia into North America during the late Oligocene warming(26–24 Ma), when dispersal in the opposite direction was greatly decreased. Influx from North America into Asia was lower than in the opposite direction throughout the Cenozoic, but with peak rates of dispersal at the end of the Eocene(40–34 Ma)and again in the early to middle Miocene(16–14 Ma). The strong association between dispersal patterns and environmental changes suggests that plants, fungi and animals have likely dispersed from stable to perturbed environments of North America and Eurasia throughout the Cenozoic. | Dechun Jiang Sebastian Klaus Ya-Ping Zhang David M.Hillis Jia-Tang Li | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，4： | 5 |
| 2 | Herpetological phylogeographic analyses support a Miocene focal point of Himalayan uplift and biological diversification显示文摘The Himalaya are among the youngest and highest mountains in the world,but the exact timing of their uplift and origins of their biodiversity are still in debate.The Himalayan region is a relatively small area but with exceptional diversity and endemism.One common hypothesis to explain the rich montane diversity is uplift-driven diversification—that orogeny creates conditions favoring rapid in situ speciation of resident lineages.We test this hypothesis in the Himalayan region using amphibians and reptiles,two environmentally sensitive vertebrate groups.In addition,analysis of diversification of the herpetofauna provides an independent source of information to test competing geological hypotheses of Himalayan orogenesis.We conclude that the origins of the Himalayan herpetofauna date to the early Paleocene,but that diversification of most groups was concentrated in the Miocene.There was an increase in both rates and modes of diversification during the early to middle Miocene,together with regional interchange(dispersal)between the Himalaya and adjacent regions.Our analyses support a recently proposed stepwise geological model of Himalayan uplift beginning in the Paleocene,with a subsequent rapid increase of uplifting during the Miocene,finally giving rise to the intensification of the modern South Asian Monsoon. | Wei Xu Wen-Jie Dong Ting-Ting Fu Wei Gao Chen-Qi Lu Fang Yan Yun-He Wu Ke Jiang Jie-Qiong Jin Hong-Man Chen Ya-Ping Zhang David M.Hillis Jing Che | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，9： | 3 |
| 3 | Molecular evolution of Na^(+) channels in teleost fishes显示文摘Voltage-dependent sodium channels are critical for electrical excitability.Invertebrates possess a single sodium channel gene;two rounds of genome duplication early in vertebrates increased the number to four.Since the teleost-tetrapod split,independent gene duplications in each lineage have further increased the number of sodium channel genes to 10 in tetrapods and 8 in teleosts.Here we review how the occurrence of multiple sodium channel paralogs has influenced the evolutionary history of three groups of fishes:pufferfish,gymnotiform and mor-myriform electric fish.Pufferfish(tetraodontidae)produce a neurotoxin,tetrodotoxin,that binds to and blocks the pore of sodium channels.Pufferfish evolved resistance to their own toxins by amino acid substitutions in the pore of their sodium channels.These substitutions had to occur in parallel across multiple paralogs for organismal re-sistance to evolve.Gymnotiform and mormyriform fishes independently evolved electric organs to generate elec-tricity for communication and object localization.Two sodium channel genes are expressed in muscle in most fishes.In both groups of weakly electric fishes,one gene lost its expression in muscle and became compartmen-talized in the evolutionary novel electric organ,which is a muscle derivative.This gene then evolved at elevated rates,whereas the gene that is still expressed in muscle does not show elevated rates of evolution.In the electric organ-expressing gene,amino acid substitutions occur in parts of the channel involved in determining how long the channel will be open or closed.The enhanced rate of sequence evolution of this gene likely underlies the spe-cies-level variations in the electric signal. | Harold H.ZAKON Manda C.JOST Derrick J.ZWICKL Ying LU David M.HILLIS | 2009 | Integrative Zoology2009，4，1： | 2 |
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