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| 1 | 中国新一轮电力改革十问显示文摘本文采用了问答的形式,总结了在前三十年的改革开放中,电力部门的市场化改革取得的巨大成绩和经验。本文指出,电力部门需要继续推动新一轮改革,以应对气候变化、环境保护和节约资源的严峻挑战,以及克服市场化所遗留的问题。作者强调,优化结构、提高效率、减低成本、提供消费者可负担起的、绿色低碳的电力服务是新一轮电力改革的目标。本文认为切忌从理论条条出发和迷信市场竞争力为灵丹妙药,分析如何把市场机制和加强监管紧密结合起来,走出一条符合中国国情的电力可持续发展的道路。作者建议在推动'竞价上网'环节,使环境成本价格化,供应端和需求端参与电力服务竞争,满足可再生能源市场份额制,鼓励清洁电源发展和降低煤电比例和控制煤炭消费总量,达到电力结构的清洁、绿色和低碳化。在'输配电'环节,充实和加强国家电监会的价格监管和社会责任监管。电网公司要保障电力供应安全,实施绿色节能调度和完成节电目标。电网公司管理系统要扁平化、分散化、透明化和一体化。大力发展超智能电网和信息通信技术。 | Rick Western David Moskovitz 杨富强 | 2012 | 中国能源2012，34，12： | 3 |
| 2 | Impacts of long-term land-use changes on herd size and mobility among pastoral households in Amboseli ecosystem,Kenya显示文摘Introduction:Long-term changes in rangeland ecosystems of the world have impacted on the livestock production,a key livelihood strategy in these areas.This paper presents perceptions of the pastoral community on the dynamics of pastoral livelihoods under three land-use types namely nomadic,semi-nomadic,and sedentary in Amboseli ecosystem located in southern Kenya.Structured questionnaire was used to collect data concerning household livestock herds,perceived livestock trends and their causes,importance of migration,sedentarization,and land subdivision,and were administered to respondents randomly selected from the three land-use types.Results:The study shows that the livestock herd size was higher in nomadic(117.1)and lower in sedentary(56.6)land-use site.The majority of the respondents in nomadic(79%),semi-nomadic(73%),and sedentary(64%)reported a declining trend in household herd size.The declines were mostly attributed to recurrent droughts and loss of grazing lands.Conclusions:Pastoralism remains an important livelihood strategy to majority of households in the study area;therefore,to achieve sustainable livelihood strategies,grazing lands should be maintained. | Kennedy Sakimba Kimiti David Western Judith Syombua Mbau Oliver Vivian Wasonga | 2018 | Ecological Processes2018，7，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Long-term changes in the plant ecology of an African savanna landscape and the implications for ecosystem theory and conservation management显示文摘Background:Studies of the African savannas have used national parks to test ecological theories of natural ecosystems,including equilibrium,non-equilibrium,complex adaptive systems,and the role of top-down and bottom-up physical and biotic forces.Most such studies have excluded the impact of pastoralists in shaping grassland ecosystems and,over the last half century,the growing human impact on the world’s rangelands.The mounting human impact calls for selecting indicators and integrated monitoring methods able to track ecosystem changes and the role of natural and human agencies.Our study draws on five decades of monitoring the Amboseli landscape in southern Kenya to document the declining role of natural agencies in shaping plant ecology with rising human impact.Results:We show that plant diversity and productivity have declined,biomass turnover has increased in response to a downsizing of mean plant size,and that ecological resilience has declined with the rising probability of extreme shortfalls in pasture production.The signature of rainfall and physical agencies in driving ecosystem properties has decreased sharply with growing human impact.We compare the Amboseli findings to the long-term studies of Kruger and Serengeti national parks to show that the human influence,whether by design or default,is increasingly shaping the ecology of savanna ecosystems.We look at the findings in the larger perspective of human impact on African grasslands and the world rangelands,in general,and discuss the implications for ecosystem theory and conservation policy and management.Conclusions:The Amboseli study shows the value of using long-term integrated ecological monitoring to track the spatial and temporal changes in the species composition,structure,and function of rangeland ecosystems and the role of natural and human agencies in the process of change.The study echoes the widespread changes underway across African savannas and world’s rangelands,concluding that some level of ecosystem management is needed to prevent land degradation and the erosion of ecological function,services,and resilience.Despite the weak application of ecological theory to conservation management,a plant trait-based approach is shown to be useful in explaining the macroecological changes underway. | David Western Victor N.Mose David Maitumo Caroline Mburu | 2021 | Ecological Processes2021，10，1： | 1 |
| 4 | 十问新一轮电力改革显示文摘过一步推动和深化改革,完善社会主义市场经济体制,实现中长期的发展目标,是中共十八大提出的重点任务之一。近十年间,与其他部门相比较,中国能源部门的改革显得停滞和落后。电力行业是能源部门的重要领域,电力改革能够积极带动整个能源部门更深层次的变化。中国改革开放前30年,几次重大的电力市场化改革产生了深刻的影响,也遗留下不少缺陷和问题。 | Rick Western David Moskovitz 杨富强 | 2013 | 中国改革2013，，2： | 0 |
| 5 | 东非公园的游客容量与生态环境显示文摘作者根据东非国家公园已经进行的限制游客容量工作,及其所了解的生态情况和旅游者的印象与活动,探讨了东非国家公园游客容量的问题。并考查了影响游客容量的敏感问题,考虑了一个管理合理、投资适度的能够达到的水平。 | David Western 李越 | 1987 | 环境科学研究1987，，5： | 0 |
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