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| 1 | Electrical stimulation and denervated muscles after spinal cord injury显示文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous tissue.These morphological changes may put individuals with SCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and osteoporosis.Currently,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in SCI individuals with lower motor neuron denervation.We,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following SCI.Long pulse width stimulation(LPWS)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated muscles.Our primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated muscle.Stimulation parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and contraction.The use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle hypertrophy.Findings in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle function.Human studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPWS as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle function.Therefore,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation intervention.In summary,LPWS is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with SCI.Successful studies on LPWS of denervated muscles will help in translating this stimulation technique to the clinical level as a rehabilitation intervention after SCI. | Subhalakshmi Chandrasekaran John Davis Ines Bersch Gary Goldberg Ashraf S.Gorgey | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，8： | 3 |
| 2 | Antimicrobial use and colonization with erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumomiae in greece during the first 2 years of life显示文摘 | Syrogiannopulos GA Grivea IN Davies TA | 2000 | Clin Infect Dis2000，31，4： | 1 |
| 3 | A prospective investigation显示文摘 | Boden SD McCowin PR Davis DO Abnormal magnetic-reso- nance scans of the cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects | 1990 | J Bone Joint Surg(Am)1990，72，8： | 1 |
| 4 | Utility of early single photon e- mission computed tomography (SPECT) in neonatal gelastie epilepsy associated with hypothalamic hamar- tomas显示文摘 | IN Fazio MP Davis RG | 2000 | J Child Neurol2000，15，： | 1 |
| 5 | The potential lymph angiogenic effects of hepatocyte growth f actor/ scatter factor in vitro and in vivo显示文摘 | Jiang WG Davies G Mart in T A | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 6 | Bcl-2 trannsduction,using a herpes simplex virus amplicon,protects hippocampal neurons from transient global ischemia 显示文摘 | Antonawich FJ Federoff H J Davis IN | 1999 | Exp Neurol1999，156，： | 1 |
| 7 | Common varia- tion in COIAA1/COL4A2 is associated with sporadic cerebral small vessel disease显示文摘 | Rannikmie K Davies G Thomson PA METASTROKE Consortium CHARGE WMH Group ISGC ICH GWAS Study Collaboration WMH in Ischemic Stroke GWAS Study Collabora- tion International Stroke Genetics Consortium | 2015 | Neurology2015，84，： | 1 |
| 8 | Thioredoxin-interacting protein deficiency induces Akt/Bcl- xL signaling and pancreatic beta-cell mass and protects against diabetes显示文摘 | Chen J Hui ST Couto FM Mungrue IN Davis DB Attite AD | 2008 | FASEB J2008，22，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Opposing effects of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD80 ( B7-1 ) plus anti-CD86 ( B7-2 ) on experimental allergic: en- cephalomyelitis 显示文摘 | Pert'in PJ Scott D Davis TA | 1996 | J Nenroimmunol1996，65，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Utrophin binds laterally along actin filaments and can couple costamefic actin with sarcolemma when overexpressed in dystrophin-deficient muscle 显示文摘 | Rybakova IN Patel JR Davies KE | 2002 | Mol Biol Cell2002，13，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Antimierobial use and colonization with erythromycin - resistant streptococcus pneumomiae in Greece during the first 2 years of life 显示文摘 | SYROGIANNOPOULOS GA GRIVEA IN DAVIES TA et al | 2003 | Clin Infect Dis2003，31，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Depend- ence on dislocation-particle interaction显示文摘 | Kostryzhev A G Strangwood M Davis C L Bausch- inger effect in microalloyed steels: Part I | 2010 | Metallur- gical and Materials Transactions A2010，41，6： | 1 |
| 13 | A prospective investigation显示文摘 | Boden S D Davis D O Dina T S Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects | 1990 | J Bone Joint Surg Am1990，72，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Antimicrobiaf use and cofonization with Erythromycier resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in Greece during the first2 years of life显示文摘 | Grivea IN Davies TA | 2000 | Clin Infect Dis2000，31，： | 1 |
| 15 | Impact of vancomycin with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: support for consensus guidelines suggested targets显示文摘 | Kullar R Davis SL Levine DP et exposure on outcomes in patients al | 2011 | Clin Infect Dis2011，52，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Additive hyperten-sive and a antialbum inuric effects of angiotens in-converting enzyme inhibition receptor antagonism in diabeticspontaneously hypertensive rats显示文摘 | Zem in lao Fabrice Bonnet Belinda Davis | 2001 | Clin Sci2001，100，： | 1 |
| 17 | Antimicrobial use and colonization with erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumomiae in Greece during the fast 2 years of life显示文摘 | SYROGIANNOPOULOS GA GRIVEA IN DAVIES TA | 2003 | Clin Infect Dis2003，31，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Antimicrobial use and colonization with erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Greece during the first 2 years of life显示文摘 | Syrogiannopoulos GA Grivea IN Davies TA | 2000 | Clin Infect Dis2000，31，： | 1 |
| 19 | Antinicrobial use and colonization with erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in Greece during the first 2 years of life显示文摘 | Syrogiannopulos GA Grivea IN Davies TA | 2000 | Clin infect dis2000，31，： | 1 |
| 20 | Were James Bond's Drinks Shaken because of Alcohol Induced Tremor 显示文摘 | Johnson G C uha IN Davies P | 2013 | BMJ2013，，347： | 1 |
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