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| 1 | Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment显示文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted. | Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 18 |
| 2 | Biomarkers in schizophrenia:A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics显示文摘Identifying biomarkers that can be used as diagnostics or predictors of treatment response(theranostics) in people with schizophrenia(Sz) will be an important step towards being able to provide personalized treatment. Findings from the studies in brain tissue have not yet been translated into biomarkers that are practical in clinical use because brain biopsies are not acceptable and neuroimaging techniques are expensive and the results are inconclusive. Thus, in recent years, there has been search for blood-based biomarkers for Sz as a valid alternative. Although there are some encouraging preliminary data to support the notion of peripheral biomarkers for Sz, it must be acknowledged that Sz is a complex and heterogeneous disorder which needs to be further dissected into subtype using biological based and clinical markers. The scope of this review is to critically examine published blood-based biomarker of Sz, focusing on possible uses for diagnosis, treatment response, or their relationship with schizophreniaassociated phenotype. We sorted the studies into six categories which include:(1) brain-derived neurotrophic factor;(2) inflammation and immune function;(3) neurochemistry;(4) oxidative stress response and metabolism;(5) epigenetics and micro RNA; and(6) transcriptome and proteome studies. This review also summarized the molecules which have been conclusively reported as potential blood-based biomarkers for Sz in different blood cell types. Finally, we further discusses the pitfall of current blood-based studies and suggest that a prediction model-based, Sz specific, bloodoriented study design as well as standardize blood collection conditions would be useful for Sz biomarker development. | Chi-Yu Lai Elizabeth Scarr Madhara Udawela Ian Everall Wei J Chen Brian Dean | 2016 | World Journal of Psychiatry2016，6，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Relationship between oxidative stress and hepatic glutathione levels in ethanol-mediated apoptosis of polarized hepatic cells显示文摘AIM:To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in ethanol-mediated cell death of polarized hepatic(WIF-B) cells.METHODS:In this work,WIF-B cultures were treated with pyrazole(inducer of cytochrome P4502E1,CYP2E1) and/or L-buthionine sulfoximine(BSO),a known inhibitor of hepatic glutathione(GSH),followed by evaluation of ROS production,antioxidant levels,and measures of cell injury(apoptosis and necrosis).RESULTS:The results revealed that ethanol treatment alone caused a significant two-fold increase in the activation of caspase-3 as well as a similar doubling in ROS.When the activity of the CYP2E1 was increased by pyrazole pretreatment,an additional two-fold elevation in ROS was detected.However,the CYP2E1-related ROS elevation was not accompanied with a correlative increase in apoptotic cell injury,but rather was found to be associated with an increase in necrotic cell death.Interestingly,when the thiol status of the cells was manipulated using BSO,the ethanol-induced activation of caspase-3 was abrogated.Additionally,ethanol-treated cells displayed enhanced susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis that was blocked by GSH depletion as a result of diminished caspase-8 activity.CONCLUSION:Apoptotic cell death induced as a consequence of ethanol metabolism is not completely dependent upon ROS status but is dependent on sustained GSH levels. | Benita L McVicker Pamela L Tuma Kusum K Kharbanda Serene ML Lee Dean J Tuma | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，21： | 5 |
| 4 | ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non–st-segment elevation myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Eugene Braunwald Elliott M Antman John W Beasley Robert M Califf Melvin D Cheitlin Judith S Hochman Robert H Jones Dean Kereiakes Joel Kupersmith Thomas N Levin Carl J Pepine John W Schaeffer Earl E Smith David E Steward Pierre Theroux Raymond J Gibbons J | 2000 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2000，，3： | 4 |
| 5 | The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica显示文摘 | Dean M Wingerchuk Vanda A Lennon Claudia F Lucchinetti Sean J Pittock Brian G Weinshenker | 2007 | Lancet Neurology2007，，9： | 3 |
| 6 | The Importance of Medial Support in Locked Plating of Proximal Humerus Fractures显示文摘 | Michael J Gardner Yoram Weil Joseph U Barker Bryan T Kelly David L Helfet Dean G Lorich | 2007 | Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma2007，，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Prolonged feeding with guanidinoacetate, a methyl group consumer, exacerbates ethanol-induced liver injury显示文摘AIM To investigate the hypothesis that exposure to guanidinoacetate(GAA, a potent methyl-group consumer) either alone or combined with ethanol intake for a prolonged period of time would cause more advanced liver pathology thus identifying methylation defects as the initiator and stimulator for progressive liver damage.METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were fed the control or ethanolLieber De Carli diet in the absence or presence of GAA supplementation. At the end of 6 wk of the feeding regimen, various biochemical and histological analyses were conducted. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, we observed that GAA treatment alone resulted in a histologically normal liver without evidence of hepatosteatosis despite persistence of some abnormal biochemical parameters. This protection could result from the generation of creatine from the ingested GAA. Ethanol treatment for 6 wk exhibited changes in liver methionine metabolism and persistence of histological and biochemical defects as reported before. Further, when the rats were fed the GAA-supplemented ethanol diet, similar histological and biochemical changes as observed after 2 wk of combined treatment, including inflammation, macroand micro-vesicular steatosis and a marked decrease in the methylation index were noted. In addition, rats on the combined treatment exhibited increased liver toxicity and even early fibrotic changes in a subset of animals in this group. The worsening liver pathology could be related to the profound reduction in the hepatic methylation index, an increased accumulation of GAA and the inability of creatine generated to exert its hepato-protective effects in the setting of ethanol.CONCLUSION To conclude, prolonged exposure to a methyl consumer superimposed on chronic ethanol consumption causes persistent and pronounced liver damage. | Natalia A Osna Dan Feng Murali Ganesan Priya F Maillacheruvu David J Orlicky Samuel W French Dean J Tuma Kusum K Kharbanda | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，38： | 2 |
| 8 | Low potential for climatic stress adaptation in a rainforest drosophila species显示文摘 | Hoffmann A A Hallas R J Dean J A | 2003 | Science2003，301，： | 2 |
| 9 | Effect of ethanol on pro-apoptotic mechanisms in polarizedhepatic cells显示文摘Chronic ethanol consumption is associated with serious and potentially fatal alcohol-related liver injuries such as hepatomegaly, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Moreover, it has been documented that the clinical progression of alcohol-induced liver damage may be associated with an increase in hepatocellular death that involves apoptotic mechanisms. Although much information has been learned about the clinical manifestations associated with alcohol-related diseases, the search continues for a better understanding of the molecular and/or cellular mechanisms by which ethanol exerts its deleterious effects such as the induction of pro-apoptotic mechanisms and related cell damaging events. As part of the effort to enhance our understanding of those particular cellular pathways and mechanisms associated with ethanol toxicity, researchers over the years have utilized a variety of model systems. Recently, work has come forth demonstrating the utility of a hybrid cell line (WIF-B) as a cell culture model system for the study of alcohol-associated alterations in hepatocellular mechanisms. Success with such emerging model systems could aid in the development of potential therapeutic treatments for the prevention of alcohol- induced apoptotic cell death that may ultimately serve as a significant target in delaying the onset and/or progression of clinical symptoms of alcohol-mediated liver disease. This review article summarizes the current understanding of ethanol-mediated modifications in cell survival and thus the promotion of pro-apoptotic events with emphasis on analyses made in various experimental model systems, particularly the more recently characterized WIF-B cell system. | Benita L McVicker Dean J Tuma Carol A Casey | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，37： | 2 |
| 10 | T cell responses to allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells: immunogenicity, tolerance, and suppression显示文摘 | Elena Klyushnenkova Joseph D Mosca Valentina Zernetkina Manas K Majumdar Kirstin J Beggs Donald W Simonetti Robert J Deans Kevin R McIntosh | 2005 | Journal of Biomedical Science2005，，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Effect of Laminar Cooling on Phase Transformation Evolution in Hot Rolling Process显示文摘The effect of temperature variation owing to the cooling pattern(CP)on the microstructural evolution was investigated by establishing a thermomechanical coupled FE(finite element)model.A set of constitutive equations of phase transformation was implanted into the commercial FE solver MARC through the user defined subroutine CRPLAW,and the temperature field was calculated by another user defined subroutine FILM.The results show that the final microstructure is completely bainite phase for CP one,98% of bainite phase and 2% of ferrite phase for CP two,and 55% of bainite phase,35% of pearlite phase and 10% of ferrite phase for CP three. | NING Lin-xin YANG Dai-jun J Lin T A Dean | 2010 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2010，17，10： | 2 |
| 12 | Beyond membrane channelopathies: alternative mechanisms underlying complex human disease显示文摘在过去的十五年,我们内在的人的疾病由于基因变化的发现在大部分挥舞了的分子的机制的理解与膜离子隧道和 transporters 连接了。事实上,离子隧道背叛(“ channelopathies”—这个评论系列的焦点) 包括膀胱的纤维变性,心脏的心律不齐,糖尿病,骨胳的肌肉缺点,和神经病学的混乱与严重人的疾病显型的一个系列被联系了。然而,我们现在知道那人的疾病,特别地易兴奋的房间疾病,可以被缺点在在住很好在血浆膜下面的细胞的部件包括的非离子隧道多肽引起。在过去几年,例如,潜在地致命的心脏的心律不齐的一个新类与包括亚膜的细胞质的蛋白质被连接了适配器象 ankyrin-B ( ANK2 )那样, ankyrin-G ( ANK3 ),和 alpha-1 syntrophin ,膜上衣蛋白质包括 caveolin-3 ( CAV3 ),包括 yotiao ( AKAP9 )的发信号的平台,和心脏的酶( GPD1L )。这评论的焦点是详细说明 lamins 的令人激动的角色,提供了漂亮新卓见进人的疾病的基因产品的另一个班。 | Konstantinos Dean BOUDOULAS | 2011 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2011，32，6： | 2 |
| 13 | p38 mitogen-actiated protein kinase regulates cycloxxygenase - 2 mRNA stability and transcription in ipopolysacharide-treated human monocytes显示文摘 | Dean J L Brook M Clark A R | 1999 | J Biol Chen1999，274，： | 1 |
| 14 | Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm performance 显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，： | 1 |
| 15 | In-vitro testing for assessing oral bioaccessibility of trace metals in soil and food samples显示文摘 | INTAWONGSE M DEAN J R | 2006 | Trends in Analytical Chemistry2006，25，9： | 1 |
| 16 | MapReduce: Simplified data processing on large clusters 显示文摘 | DEAN J GHEMAWAT S | 2008 | Communications of the ACM2008，51，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Amantadine for dyskinesia in Parkinson' s disease显示文摘 | Crosby N J Deane KH Clarke CE | 2003 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2003，2，00： | 1 |
| 18 | Pricing policies for new products显示文摘 | Dean J | 1950 | Harvard Business Review1950，28，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Extraction of Polyeyelie Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Highly Contaminated Soils Using Microwave Energy显示文摘 | Ramabas I J Dean J R | 1995 | Analyst1995，120，： | 1 |
| 20 | Mesenchymal stem cells: biology and potential clinical uses显示文摘 | Deans R J Moseley A B | 2000 | Exp Hematol2000，28，： | 1 |
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