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| 1 | Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of gastrointestinal angiodysplasias: A critical review and view points显示文摘Gastrointestinal angiodysplasias (GIADs), also called angioectasias, are the most frequent vascular lesions. Its precise prevalence is unknown since most of them are asymptomatic. However, the incidence may be increasing since GIADs affect individuals aged more than 60 years and population life expectancy is globally increasing worldwide. They are responsible of about 5% to 10% of all gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) cases. Most GIADs are placed in small bowel, where are the cause of 50 to 60% of obscure GIB diagnosed with video capsule endoscopy. They may be the cause of fatal severe bleeding episodes;nevertheless, recurrent overt or occult bleeding episodes requiring repeated expensive treatments and disturbing patient’s quality-of-life are more frequently observed. Diagnosis and treatment of GIADs (particularly those placed in small bowel) are a great challenge due to insidious disease behavior, inaccessibility to affected sites and limitations of available diagnostic procedures. Hemorrhagic causality out of the actively bleeding lesions detected by diagnostic procedures may be difficult to establish. No treatment guidelines are currently available, so there is a high variability in the management of these patients. In this review, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of GIADs and the status in the diagnosis and treatment, with special emphasis on small bowel angiodysplasias based on multiple publications, are critically discussed. In addition, a classification of GIADs based on their endoscopic characteristics is proposed. Finally, some aspects that need to be clarified in future research studies are highlighted. | Diego García-Compeán ángel N Del Cueto-Aguilera Alan R Jiménez-Rodríguez José A González-González Héctor J Maldonado-Garza | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，21： | 5 |
| 2 | Localization of manganese-superoxide dismutase in peroxisomes isolated from Pisum sativum L显示文摘 | Sandalio L M Palma J M del Río L A | 1987 | Plant Science1987，51，： | 1 |
| 3 | Sonographyic criteria for differentiation of begnign and malignant solid breast lesions : size is of value 显示文摘 | Del FC Bestagno A Cerniato R | 2006 | Radiol Med2006，111，： | 1 |
| 4 | Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on liver damage by a single dose of CCl(4)in male rats显示文摘 | Chavez-Morales R M Jaramillo-Juarez F Posadas del Rio F A | 2011 | Hum Exp Toxicol2011，30，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Nonconscious semantic processing of emotional words modulates conscious access显示文摘 | Gaillard R Del Cul A Naccache L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Toluence methylation on Al13-and GaAl112-pillared clay catalysts显示文摘 | Benito I Del R A Martinez M | 1999 | Applied Catalysis A1999，180，12： | 1 |
| 7 | CD7 expression in acute myeloid leukemia显示文摘 | Del Poeta G Stasi R Venditti A | 1995 | Leuk Lymphoma1995，17，12： | 1 |
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| 9 | Prognostic value of cell mark er analysis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia显示文摘 | Stasi R Vendrrn A | 1994 | Leukemia1994，8，： | 1 |
| 10 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis显示文摘 | Cirocchi R Del Sol A Morelli U | 2008 | G Chir2008，29，67： | 1 |
| 11 | Beta interferon is produced by Chlamydia trachomatis-infected fibroblast-like synoviocytes and inhibits gamma interferon-induced HLA-DR expression显示文摘 | R(o)del J Groh A Vogelsang H | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 12 | and the PROACT Investigators PROACT:APhase Ⅱ Randomized Trial of Recombinant Pro-urokinase by Direct Arterial Delivery in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke显示文摘 | del Zoppo G J Higashida R T Furlan A J | 1998 | Stroke1998，29，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Evalua- tion of the articular cartilage of the knee joint: value of adding a T2 mapping sequence to a routine MR imaging protocol 显示文摘 | Kijowski R Blankenbaker DG Munoz Del Rio A | 2013 | Radiology2013，267，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Hepatocellular carcinoma in Italian patients with cirrhosis显示文摘 | Colombo M de Franchis R Del Ninno E Sangiovanni A De Fazio C Tommasini M | | New England Journal of Medicine0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Evalu- ation of the articular cartilage of the knee joint: value of adding a T2 mapping sequence to a routine MR imaging protocol显示文摘 | Kijowski R Blankenbaker DG Munoz Del Rio A | 2013 | Radiology2013，267，2： | 1 |
| 16 | The C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene is associated with the toxicity of methotrexate in a Spanish rheumatoid arthritis population显示文摘 | COliz R del Amo J Balsa A | 2012 | Scand J Rheumatol2012，41，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Development and use of a multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus-2 genotypes 2a and 2b in an epidemiological survey显示文摘 | Gagnon C A Del Castillo J R Music N | 2008 | J Vet Diagn Invest2008，20，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Wa sh i ng platelets in neutral,calcium-free,Ringer's acetate显示文摘 | Kel ley W E E del m a n BB D r a che nb e rg CB | 2009 | Transfusion2009，49，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Surgical treatment of phyllodes tumor of the breast显示文摘 | Salvadori B Cusumano F Del Bo R et a/ | 1989 | Caneer1989，63，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Conductivity Studies of Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Polyethers and Polyphosphazene Blends显示文摘 | Martin A P J Acosta J L | 1998 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science1998，70，11： | 1 |
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