| 1 | Effects of arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on growth,yield and water use efficiency of apple trees显示文摘Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment.The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards.There were three factors:the buried depth H(25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L(30,40,60 cm)between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N(1,2,4).The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75%of the field water capacity.The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28388.17 kg/hm2 and 16.83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively.At the same L and N levels(T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22%and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02%and 18.12%compared with T3,respectively.At the same H and N levels(T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level.Especially,when L was 30 cm(T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest.The same L and H levels(T3,T6,and T7)could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2(T3).Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%.Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi. | LI Zhongjie FEI Liangjun HAO Kun LIU Teng CHEN Nanshu ZHANG Quanju HUANG Deliang | 2020 | 排灌机械工程学报2020，38，7： | 4 |
| 2 | Influence of geological factors on coal permeability in the Sihe coal mine显示文摘Permeability of coal reservoirs influence the extraction of coal gas from coal seams.Twelve coal samples were collected at an anticline and a syncline of the No.3 coal seam in the Sihe coal mine.Porosity,permeability,pore size,vitrinite reflectance,and liquid nitrogen adsorption of the samples were evaluated.Structural curvatures at the sample locations,and the distance between the sampling locations and the nearest faults were calculated based on seismic data.The influences of the evaluated parameters on permeability were analyzed.Major factors that influence permeability of the No.3 coal seam were extracted using principal component analysis(PCA).Based on the porosity–permeability model derived from the Archie formula and classic Kozeny–Carman equation,we deduced that the permeability of coal increased with an increase in porosity.With an increase in average vitrinite reflectance,permeability decreases first and then increases.PCA results showed that coal permeability was regulated by three key components representing three modes.The first component included pore size,depth,and pore complexity accounting for 52.59%of the variability indicating that it was the most important in controlling permeability.The second component included specific surface area,structural curvature,and porosity,and the third component comprised of specific surface area,porosity,and average vitrinite reflectance.Overall,pore diameter and complexity had significant effects on coal permeability.The results show that researchers and stakeholders must consider the interactions among multiple factors rather than single factors to understand the influences on permeability to facilitate efficient utilization of coalbed methane resources. | Guangui Zou Qianhua Zhang Suping Peng Jiasheng She Deliang Teng Chaochao Jin Yuyan Che | 2022 | International Journal of Coal Science & Technology2022，9，1： | 0 |
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