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| 1 | Role of polyethylene particles in peri-prosthetic osteolysis:A review显示文摘There is convincing evidence that particles produced by the wear of joint prostheses are causal in the periprosthetic loss of bone,or osteolysis,which,if it progresses,leads to the phenomenon of aseptic loosening.It is important to fully understand the biology of this bone loss because it threatens prosthesis survival,and loosened implants can result in peri-prosthetic fracture,which is disastrous for the patient and presents a difficult surgical scenario.The focus of this review is the bioactivity of polyethylene(PE)particles,since there is evidence that these are major players in the development and progression of osteolysis around prostheses which use PE as the bearing surface.The review describes the biological consequences of interaction of PE particles with macrophages,osteoclasts and cells of the osteoblast lineage,including osteocytes.It explores the possible cellular mechanisms of action of PE and seeks to use the findings to date to propose potential nonsurgical treatments for osteolysis.In particular,a nonsurgical approach is likely to be applicable to implants containing newer,highly cross-linked PEs(HXLPEs),for which osteolysis seems to occur with much reduced PE wear compared with conventional PEs.The caveat here is that we know little as yet about the bioactivity of HXLPE particles and addressing this constitutes our next challenge. | Gerald J Atkins David R Haynes Donald W Howie David M Findlay | 2011 | World Journal of Orthopedics2011，2，10： | 11 |
| 2 | Management of adults with coarctation of aorta显示文摘Coarctation of the aorta(CoA)is a relatively common congenital cardiac defect often causing few symptoms and therefore can be challenging to diagnose.The hallmark finding on physical examination is upper extremity hypertension,and for this reason,CoA should be considered in any young hypertensive patient,justifying measurement of lower extremity blood pressure at least once in these individuals.The presence of a significant pressure gradient between the arms and legs is highly suggestive of the diagnosis.Early diagnosis and treatment are important as long-term data consistently demonstrate that patients with CoA have a reduced life expectancy and increased risk of cardiovascular complications.Surgical repair has traditionally been the mainstay of therapy for correction,although advances in endovascular technology with covered stents or stent grafts permit nonsurgical approaches for the management of older children and adults with native CoA and complications.Persistent hypertension and vascular dysfunction can lead to an increased risk of coronary disease,which,remains the greatest cause of long-term mortality.Thus,blood pressure control and periodic reassessment with transthoracic echocardiography and threedimensional imaging(computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance)for should be performed regularly as cardiovascular complications may occur decades after the intervention. | Pradyumna Agasthi Sai Harika Pujari Andrew Tseng Joseph N Graziano Francois Marcotte David Majdalany Farouk Mookadam Donald J Hagler Reza Arsanjani | 2020 | World Journal of Cardiology2020，12，5： | 8 |
| 3 | Comparison of esophageal capsule endoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy for diagnosis of esophageal varices显示文摘AIM: To investigate the utility of esophageal capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and grading of esophageal varices. METHODS: Cirrhotic patients who were undergo-ing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for variceal screening or surveillance underwent capsule endos-copy. Two separate blinded investigators read each capsule endoscopy for the following results: variceal grade, need for treatment with variceal banding or prophylaxis with beta-blocker therapy, degree of portal hypertensive gastropathy, and gastric varices. RESULTS: Fifty patients underwent both capsule and EGD. Forty-eight patients had both procedures on the same day, and 2 patients had capsule endoscopy within 72 h of EGD. The accuracy of capsule endos- copy to decide on the need for prophylaxis was 74%, with sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 82%. Inter-rater agreement was moderate (kappa = 0.56). Agree-ment between EGD and capsule endoscopy on grade of varices was 0.53 (moderate). Inter-rater reliability was good (kappa = 0.77). In diagnosis of portal hyper-tensive gastropathy, accuracy was 57%, with sensitiv-ity of 96% and specificity of 17%. Two patients had gastric varices seen on EGD, one of which was seen on capsule endoscopy. There were no complications from capsule endoscopy.CONCLUSION: We conclude that capsule endoscopy has a limited role in deciding which patients would benefit from EGD with banding or beta-blocker thera-py. More data is needed to assess accuracy for staging esophageal varices, PHG, and the detection of gastric varices. | Catherine T Frenette John G Kuldau Donald J Hillebrand Jill Lane Paul J Pockros | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，28： | 7 |
| 4 | Ovarian cancer stem cells: Can targeted therapy lead to improved progression-free survival?显示文摘Despite significant effort and research funds, epithelial ovarian cancer remains a very deadly disease. There are no effective screening methods that discover early stage disease; the majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Treatment modalities consist primarily of radical debulking surgery followed by taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy. Newer therapies including limited targeted agents and intraperitoneal delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs have improved disease-free intervals, but failed to yield longlasting cures in most patients. Chemotherapeutic resistance, particularly in the recurrent setting, plagues the disease. Targeting the pathways and mechanisms behind the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer could lead to significant improvement in patient outcomes. In many malignancies, including blood and other solid tumors, there is a subgroup of tumor cells, separate from the bulk population, called cancer stem cells(CSCs). These CSCs are thought to be the cause of metastasis, recurrence and resistance. However, todate, ovarian CSCs have been difficult to identify, isolate, and target. It is felt by many investigators that finding a putative ovarian CSC and a chemotherapeutic agent to target it could be the key to a cure for this deadly disease. This review will focus on recent advances in this arena and discuss some of the controversies surrounding the concept. | Christen L Walters Haygood Rebecca C Arend J Michael Straughn Donald J Buchsbaum | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，4： | 7 |
| 5 | ABCD^(2) risk score does not predict the presence of cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis显示文摘Introduction:ABCD^(2) risk score and cerebral microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler(TCD)have been separately shown to the predict risk of recurrent acute stroke.We studied whether ABCD2 risk score predicts cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Participants and methods:We studied 206 patients presenting within 2 weeks of transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke and found to have critical carotid artery stenosis(≥50% ).86 patients(age 70±1(SEM:years),58 men,83 Caucasian)had evidence of microemboli;72(84% )of these underwent carotid endarterectomy(CEA).120 patients(age 72±1 years,91 men,113 Caucasian)did not have microemboli detected;102(85% )of these underwent CEA.Data were analysed using X2 and Mann–Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results:140/206(68% :95% CI 61.63 to 74.37)patients with hyper-acute symptomatic critical carotid stenosis had an ABCD2 risk score≥4.There was no significant difference in the NICE red flag criterion for early assessment(ABCD^(2) risk score≥4)for patients with cerebral microemboli versus those without microemboli(59/86 vs 81/120 patients:OR 1.05 ABCD2 risk score≥4(95% CI 0.58 to 1.90,p=0.867)).The ABCD2 risk score was<4 in 27 of 86(31% :95% CI 21 to 41)embolising patients and in 39 of 120(31% :95% CI 23 to 39)without cerebral microemboli.After adjusting for pre-neurological event antiplatelet treatment(APT),area under the curve(AUC)of ROC for ABCD2 risk score showed no prediction of cerebral microemboli(no pre-event APT,n=57:AUC 0.45(95% CI 0.29 to 0.60,p=0.531);preevent APT,n=147:AUC 0.51(95% CI 0.42 to 0.60,p=0.804)).Conclusions:The ABCD2 score did not predict the presence of cerebral microemboli or carotid disease in over one-quarter of patients with symptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis.On the basis of NICE guidelines(refer early if ABCD2≥4),assessment of high stroke risk based on ABCD2 scoring may lead to inappropriate delay in urgent treatment in many patients. | Mahmud Saedon Charles E Hutchinson Christopher H E Imray Donald R J Singer | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，2： | 6 |
| 6 | Hepatic intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres in the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A case report显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs with a reported frequency of 12%-18% after liver transplantation. Recurrence is associated with a mortality rate exceeding 75%. Approximately one-third of recurrences develop in the transplanted liver and are therefore amenable to local therapy. A variety of treatment modalities have been reported including resection, transarterial chemo- embolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), ethanol ablation, cryoablation, and external beam irradiation. Goals of treatment are tumor control and the minimization of toxic effect to functional parenchyma. Efficacy of treatment is mitigated by the need for ongoing immunosuppression. Yttrium-90 microspheres have been used as a treatment modality both for primary HCC and for pre-transplant management of HCC with promising results. Twenty-two months after liver transplantation for hepatitis C cirrhosis complicated by HCC, a 42-year old man developed recurrence of HCC in his transplant allograft. Treatment of multiple right lobe lesions with anatomic resection and adjuvant chemotherapy was unsuccessful. Multifocal recurrence in the remaining liver allograft was treated with hepatic intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres (SIR-Spheres, Sirtex Medica Inc., Lake Forest, IL, USA). Efficacy was demonstrated by tumor necrosis on imaging and a decrease in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. There were no adverse consequences of initial treatment. | Louis Rivera Huan Giap William Miller Jonathan Fisher Donald J Hillebrand Christopher Marsh Randolph L Schaffer | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 6 |
| 7 | 内源乙烯与1-MCP互作对番茄成熟和细胞壁物质代谢的影响显示文摘【目的】探讨内源乙烯与1-MCP的相互作用对贮藏过程中番茄成熟和细胞壁代谢的影响。【方法】将破色期番茄('佛罗里达47')果实分为4组,其中2组经低压低氧(8kPa,1.7kPaO2)处理6h后,分别立即使用50μg/L液态1-MCP(HH+1-MCP)或去离子水(HH)浸泡1min;另外2组未经HH处理的番茄果实,也分别使用50μg/L1-MCP(1-MCP)或去离子水(对照)浸泡1min,测定处理后果实在贮藏(20℃)过程中成熟相关生理指标及细胞壁组分的变化。【结果】番茄果实经HH处理后,内源乙烯含量(IEC)急剧降低至对照水平的75.6%,且对1-MCP的反应敏感性有所提高。HH+1-MCP处理显著抑制了果实硬度的下降,其硬度值在贮藏第4~16天中,平均分别较对照和1-MCP处理高29.8%和15.6%;HH+1-MCP处理果实的呼吸和乙烯峰出现时间均较对照推迟4d,较1-MCP处理推迟2d,但对峰值影响未达到显著水平;与1-MCP处理相比,HH+1-MCP处理对多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲脂酶(PME)、α-半乳糖苷酶(α-Gal)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)等细胞壁降解酶活性的变化影响较大,对PG的影响尤为明显;HH+1-MCP处理还显著地抑制了番茄果实贮藏期水溶性和CDTA溶性糖醛酸(UA)含量的增加,其水溶性UA含量在贮藏的第6~12天平均值分别较对照和1-MCP处理低37.3%和21.9%,其CDTA溶性UA含量在贮藏的第6~12天平均值分别较1-MCP处理果实低31.4%和20.5%;凝胶渗透色谱分析结果显示,1-MCP和HH+1-MCP处理延缓了番茄果实多聚糖醛酸分子的降解过程,且后者效果更为明显。此外,本试验HH处理各项测定指标与对照无显著差异。【结论】内源乙烯含量是调节1-MCP反应能力的重要因素,解释了不同跃变型果实在成熟起始后对1-MCP反应敏感性差异的原因。 | 张正科 HUBER Donald J LEE James H 饶景萍 | 2010 | 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)2010，38，11： | 5 |
| 8 | 不同含量碳水化合物饮食对大鼠心脏和脑18^F-FDG摄取的影响显示文摘目的探讨不同含量碳水化合物饮食对大鼠心脏和脑组织18F-FDG摄取的影响。方法以标准饮食饲养2周后,保持饮食总能量不变,将15只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组:低碳水化合物组(LC)、中碳水化合物组(IC)和高碳水化合物组(HC);每组大鼠每种饮食饲养4周后,对动物行18F-FDGPET全身显像,于第2天尾静脉取血测定酮体、葡萄糖、胰岛素和胰高血糖素的含量。图像经计算机处理,获取心脏和脑的最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)。结果心脏SUVmax分别为:LC组3.27±0.43,IC组10.92±0.89,HC组10.95±0.81;脑SUVmax:LC组4.78±0.19,IC组4.04±0.15,HC组3.77±0.24。LC组与IC和HC组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),IC和HC组间差异无统计学意义。LC组酮体为(726.10±65.95)μmol/L,约为IC和HC组的6~7倍;血清酮体水平与心脏SUVmax呈负相关(r=-0.764,P<0.001),与脑SUVmax呈正相关(r=0.569,P<0.001);各组间血清胰岛素、血糖和胰高血糖素的差异均无统计学意义。结论长期极低碳水化合物饮食使大鼠心脏对FDG的摄取明显降低,而脑组织对葡萄糖的摄取略有增加。 | 缪蔚冰 王荣福 BLAUFOX M Donald FINE Eugene J KOBA Wade | 2009 | 中国医学影像技术2009，，7： | 4 |
| 9 | Sentinel-lymph-node resection compared with conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in clinically node-negative patients with breast cancer: overall survival findings from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase 3 trial显示文摘 | David N Krag Stewart J Anderson Thomas B Julian Ann M Brown Seth P Harlow Joseph P Costantino Takamaru Ashikaga Donald L Weaver Eleftherios P Mamounas Lynne M Jalovec Thomas G Frazier R Dirk Noyes André Robidoux Hugh MC Scarth Norman Wolmark | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，10： | 3 |
| 10 | 乙烯诱导西瓜果实的水渍化败坏(英文)显示文摘为了研究乙烯在西瓜(Citrullus lanatusThunb.Mansfeld)果实水渍化败坏过程中的作用,先将果实在5μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)气体中处理18 h,然后在50 μL/L乙烯和20℃温度下贮藏。西瓜果实对乙烯处理的最初反应表现为胎座组织的电导率和游离汁液增加,同时出现组织软化和水渍化。水渍化的症状最初在靠近花萼端的内果皮中发生,在乙烯处理的第2天开始出现,ACC合成酶(ACS)和ACC氧化酶(ACO)的活性明显提高。1-MCP单独处理不产生任何明显的作用,但是会完全抑制外源乙烯诱导的水渍化败坏。没有经过 乙烯处理的西瓜果实,贮藏2 d以后出现呼吸强度和乙烯释放量的高峰,10 d以后水渍化现象也零星出现。这些结果和1-MCP的预防效果说明,西瓜果实的水渍化败坏是一种由乙烯诱导的衰老现象。 | 茅林春 Donald J Huber | 2004 | 植物生理与分子生物学学报2004，30，3： | 3 |
| 11 | Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness显示文摘 | Connie I Diakos Kellie A Charles Donald C McMillan Stephen J Clarke | 2014 | Lancet Oncology2014，，： | 3 |
| 12 | Development of an educational cartoon to prevent worm infections in Chinese schoolchildren显示文摘Background:With more than two billion people infected worldwide,soil-transmitted helminths(STH)are the most widespread infections.To date,STH control efforts rely predominantly on recurrent mass drug administration(MDA),which does not prevent reinfection.Additional public health measures including novel health educational tools are required for more sustained integrated control of STH.We describe the development of an educational cartoon video(The Magic Glasses)targeting STH infections in Chinese schoolchildren and its pilot testing in China.We applied an extensive community-based mixed methods approach involving input from the target group of 9–10 year old schoolchildren and key informants,such as teachers,doctors and parents,in order to identify potential STH infection risks in the study area and to formulate key messages for the cartoon.The development of the educational cartoon included three major steps:formative research,production,and pilot testing and revision.Results:We found that most adults and approximately 50%of the schoolchildren were aware of roundworm(Ascaris)infection,but knowledge of transmission,prevention and treatment of STH was poor.Observations in the study area showed that unhygienic food practices,such as eating raw and unwashed fruit or playing in vegetable gardens previously fertilised with human faeces,posed major STH infection risks.Conclusions:It was crucial to assess the intellectual,emotional,social and cultural background of the target population prior to video production in order to integrate the key messages of the cartoon into everyday situations.Overall,our strategy for the development of the cartoon and its incorporation into a health education package proved successful,and we provide a summary of recommendations for the development of future educational videos based on our experiences in China. | Franziska A Bieri Li-Ping Yuan Yue-Sheng Li Yong-Kang He Andrew Bedford Robert S Li Feng-Ying Guo Sheng-Ming Li Gail M Williams Donald P McManus Giovanna Raso Darren J Gray | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 2 |
| 13 | The immobilization of high level radioactive wastes using ceramics and glasses显示文摘 | I. W Donald B. L Metcalfe R. N. J Taylor | 1997 | Journal of Materials Science1997，，22： | 2 |
| 14 | Cytokines in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections显示文摘 | Jun Yang W.Craig Hooper Donald J Phillips Deborah F Talkington | 2003 | Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews2003，，2： | 2 |
| 15 | T cell responses to allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells: immunogenicity, tolerance, and suppression显示文摘 | Elena Klyushnenkova Joseph D Mosca Valentina Zernetkina Manas K Majumdar Kirstin J Beggs Donald W Simonetti Robert J Deans Kevin R McIntosh | 2005 | Journal of Biomedical Science2005，，1： | 2 |
| 16 | 2009年南极冰穹A的双色天光背景统计和分析显示文摘天光背景是天文台址的一个重要指标。利用2009年位于南极冰穹A的CSTAR望远镜两个波段的观测数据,对南极冰穹A的天光背景进行了统计和分析。结果表明约74%的g波段天光背景的ADU值小于每像素100/s;90.5%的r波段的天光背景的ADU值小于每像素100/s。在不考虑大气消光的情况下,定标后的结果为2009年冰穹A的观测数据中天光背景亮度的中值:g波段为19.9 mag/arcsec2,r波段为20.1 mag/arcsec2。 | 宗伟凯 付建宁 牛家树 Ashley Michael C B 宫雪非 Lawrence J S 刘强 Luong-Van Daniel Pennypacker C R Storey John W V 王灵芝 王力帆 杨惠根 袁祥岩 York Donald G 朱镇熹 | 2014 | 天文研究与技术2014，11，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymph-node resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial显示文摘 | David N Krag Stewart J Anderson Thomas B Julian Ann M Brown Seth P Harlow Takamaru Ashikaga Donald L Weaver Barbara J Miller Lynne M Jalovec Thomas G Frazier R Dirk Noyes André Robidoux Hugh MC Scarth Denise M Mammolito David R McCready Eleftherios P Mamo | 2007 | Lancet Oncology2007，，10： | 2 |
| 18 | Adipocyte iron regulates adiponectin and insulin sensitivity显示文摘 | Gabrielsen J Scott Gao Yan Simcox Judith A Huang Jingyu Thorup David Jones Deborah Cooksey Robert C Gabrielsen David Adams Ted D Hunt Steven C Hopkins Paul N Cefalu William T McClain Donald A | 2012 | EN2012，，10： | 2 |
| 19 | Gas chromatography analysis of nitrate and nitrite ions in microgram quantities by conversion to nitrobenzene显示文摘 | Donald J G John C H | 1974 | J Chromatgr1974，94，： | 2 |
| 20 | Water partitioning in Mozzarella cheese and its relationship to cheese meltability 显示文摘 | DONALD J M | 1999 | Dairy Sci1999，82，： | 2 |
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