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| 1 | Concept and application of ideal protein for pigs显示文摘Knowledge about the amino acid requirements and the response of pigs to the amino acid supply is essential in feed formulation.A deficient AA supply results in a reduction in performance while an oversupply is costly and leads to excessive nitrogen excretion with a potentially negative environmental impact.Amino acid requirements are determined to a large extent by the protein deposition in the body and,for lactating sows,by the protein exported in the milk.The concept of ideal protein was developed more than 50 years ago and refers to a protein with an amino acid profile that exactly meets the animal's requirement so that all amino acids are equally limiting for performance.Because Lys typically is the first-limiting amino acid,the ideal amino acid profile is often expressed relative to Lys.Although the ideal protein profile is often assumed to be constant for a given production stage,(small) changes in the ideal protein profile can occur within a production stage.This can be caused by changes in the relative contribution of the different components of amino acid requirements during the productive life on the animal(e.g.changes in the relative contribution of growth and maintenance).Amino acids requirements can be determined experimentally using dose-response studies.The design of the study,the chosen response criterion,and the statistical model affect the requirement estimate.Although considerable experimental work has been carried out to determine the requirements for Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp in growing pigs(and to a lesser extent in sows),little is known about the requirements for the other essential amino acids.Experimental dose-response studies generally focus on the requirement and less on the overall response(i.e.what are the consequences of an amino acid deficiency?).This latter aspect is,to some extent,accounted for in modelling approaches that quantify the response of the animal to the amino acid supply in a dynamic way.The paper describes the origin of ideal protein and illustrates how fundamental concepts of amino acid nutrition have been integrated in practical modeling approaches for the nutrition of growing pigs and sows. | Jaap van Milgen Jean-Yves Dourmad | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，3： | 8 |
| 2 | 猪理想蛋白质理念及应用显示文摘了解猪对氨基酸的需求和猪对饲料中添加氨基酸的反应,对于设计饲料配方非常重要。氨基酸的需求量很大程度上是由蛋白质在体内的最大沉积决定的,对于哺乳母猪来说,还和乳汁的分泌量和乳中蛋白质的含量有关。氨基酸需要可以用剂量反应来测定,但研究方案、判断标准的选择、统计模型均会影响氨基酸需要的评估。本文从理想蛋白质入手,重点介绍了使用正确的通用方式表述动物的氨基酸需要量和饲料氨基酸的价值,以及评估氨基酸需要和理想蛋白质模型的实验室方法。 | Jaap van Milgen | 2015 | 中国饲料2015，，12： | 2 |
| 3 | Nitrogen and phosphorus consumption, utilisation and losses in pig production: France 显示文摘 | Dourmad J Y Guingand N Latimier P | 1999 | Livestock Production Science1999，58，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Adaptations of glucose metab- olism sows: Effects of pregnancy and feeding level 显示文摘 | Pere M C Etienne M Dourmad J Y | 2000 | Anita Sci2000，78，： | 1 |
| 5 | Livest Prod Sci 显示文摘 | Dourmad J Y Etienne M Prunier A | 1994 | 40 : 87-971994，40，： | 1 |
| 6 | Effect of energy intake on the performance of different types of pig from 45 to 100 kg body weight 显示文摘 | QUINIOU N DOURMAD J Y NOBLET J | 1996 | Animal Science1996，63，2： | 1 |
| 7 | The effect of dietary fibre on energy utilization and partitioning of heat production over pregnancy in sow 显示文摘 | Ramonet Y Van Milgen J Dourmad J Y | 2000 | Br J of Nutr2000，84，： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of dietary protein content and supplementation with henzoic acid and microbial phytase on the characteristics of the slurry produced by fattening pigs 显示文摘 | Daumer M L Guiziou F Dourmad J Y | 2007 | Journ4es de la Recherche Porcine2007，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Adaptations of glucose metabolism in multiparous sows:effects of pregnancy and feeding level显示文摘 | Pere M C Etienne M Dourmad J Y | 2000 | J Anim Sci2000，78，： | 1 |
| 10 | Energy metabolism in pregnant sows and newborn pigs 显示文摘 | Noblet J Dourmad J Y Etienne M | 1997 | Journal of Animal Science1997，75，： | 1 |
| 11 | Modelling the variation in performance of a population of growing pig as affected by lysine supply and feedingstrategy显示文摘 | BROSSARD L DOURMAD J RIVEST Y J | 2009 | Animal2009，3，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Dietary lysine and threonine requirements of the pregnant sow estimated by nitrogen balance显示文摘 | DOURMAD J Y ETIENNE M | 2002 | Journal of Animal Science2002，80，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Standing and feeding behaviour of the lactating sow: effect of feeding level during pregnancy显示文摘 | Dourmad J Y | 1993 | Applied Ani- mal Behavior Science1993，37，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of Protein and Lysine Supply on Performance,Nitrogen Balance,and Body Composition Changes of Sows during Lactation显示文摘 | Noblet J Etienne M | 1998 | J Anim Sci1998，76，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect of weaning-toconception nterval and lactation length on subsequent tter size in sows 显示文摘 | Le Cozier Y J Dagorn J Dourmad Y | 1997 | Livest Prod Sci1997，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Ef fect of lowering dietary crude protein on nitrogen excretion, manure composition and ammonia emission from fattening pigs显示文摘 | Portejoie S Dourmad J Y Martinez J | 2004 | Livestock Production Science2004，91，： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of feeding level in the gilt during pregnancy on voluntary feed intake during lactation and changes on body composition during gestation and lactation显示文摘 | | 1991 | Livest Prod Sci1991，27，： | 1 |
| 18 | Protein (lysine) restriction in primiparous lactating sows:effects on metabolic state,somatotropic axis,and reproductive performance after weaning显示文摘 | MEJIA-GUADARRAMA C A PASQUIER A DOURMAD J Y | 2002 | Journal of Animal Science2002，80，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of protein and lysine supply on performance ,nitrogen balance,and body composition changes of sows during lactation显示文摘 | DOURMAD J Y NOBLET J ETIENNE M | 1998 | Journal of Animal Science1998，76，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of protein and lysine supply on performance,nitrogen balance,and body composition changes of sows during lactation显示文摘 | Dourmad JY Nobler J Etienne M | | 0，，： | 1 |
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