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| 1 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes显示文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this disease.AIM To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African continent.METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan reports.We searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles retrieved.Random effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both sexes.The highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years old.Meta-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of EC.The best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 d.CONCLUSION Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Men in this setting are at increased risk due to their higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption.Management requires a multidisciplinary approach,and survival is significantly improved in the setting of esophagectomy and chemoradiation therapy. | Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 9 |
| 2 | The effect of ramping casting speed and casting temperature on temperature distribution and melt flow patterns in the sump of a DC cast billet显示文摘 | DUA Q ESKIN L D KATGERMAN G | 2005 | Materials Science and Engineering2005，，： | 1 |
| 3 | The effect of ramping casting speed and casting temperature on temperature distribution and melt flow patterns in the sump of a DC cast billet显示文摘 | Dua Q Eskin D G Katgerman L | 2005 | Materials Science and Engineering A2005，，413414： | 1 |
| 4 | 显示文摘 | Dua Y L Chena G Zhang M S | 2004 | Solid State Communications2004，131，： | 1 |
| 5 | Predictors of poor outcome after carotid intervention显示文摘 | Dua A Romanelli M Upchurch G R | 2016 | J Vasc Surg2016，，： | 1 |
| 6 | The influence of muscle fiber size and type distribution on electromyographic measures of back muscle fatigability显示文摘 | MANNION A F DUAS G A | 1998 | Spine1998，23，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Encapsulation of azithromycin into polymeric microspheres by reduced pressure-solvent evaporation method显示文摘 | Li X J Chang S Dua G S | 2012 | IntJPharm2012，433，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Use of fuzzy neuralnet model for rule generation of activated sludge process 显示文摘 | Dua Y G Tyagia R D Bhamidimarrib R | 1999 | Process Biochemistry1999，35，： | 1 |
| 9 | Origin,evolution and genome distribution of microsatellites显示文摘 | Oliveira E J Pádua J G Zucchi M I | 2006 | Genetics and Molecular Biology2006，29，： | 1 |
| 10 | Heat shock proteins biological role and regulation 显示文摘 | Dua S J Rpreet G Kau R | 2004 | Advance in Plant Physiology2004，17，： | 1 |
| 11 | A comparative proteinomic analysis of nipple aspiration fluid from healthy women and women with breast cancer显示文摘 | Noble J L Dua R S Coulton G R | 2007 | Eur J Cancer2007，43，16： | 1 |
| 12 | Intravitreal invading cells contribute to vitreal cytokine milieu in proliferative vitreoretinopathy 显示文摘 | El-Ghrably I A Dua H S Orr G M | 2001 | Br J Ophthalmol2001，85，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Aerobic granular sludge cultivated under the selective pressure as a driving force 显示文摘 | Wang Q Dua G Chen J | 2004 | Process Biochemistry2004，39，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Multiple FDG-avid sclerosing hemangiomas mimicking pulmonary metastases in a case of soft tissue sarcoma 显示文摘 | Purandare N C Dua S G Shah S | 2010 | Cancer Imaging2010，10，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Detection of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)ligand-c-MET receptor activation in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens by a novel proximity assay显示文摘 | Dua R Zhang J Parry G | 2011 | PLo S One2011，6，15： | 1 |
| 16 | In vitro antiprotozoal activity of some xanthones isolated from the roots of Andrographis paniculata 显示文摘 | Dua V K Verma G Dash A P | 2009 | Phytother Res2009，23，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Role ot' BiPAP applied tbnugb endotracbeal tube in unconscious patients suffering from acute exacertmtion of COPD: a pilot study 显示文摘 | Rawat J Sindhwani G Biswas D Dua R | 2012 | lnt J Chron 011- struct Puhnon Dis2012，7，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Apoptosis in proliferative vitreoretinopathy 显示文摘 | El Ghrably I Powe DG Orr G Fischer D McIntosh R Dua HS | 2004 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2004，45，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Mechanism for the effects of extracellular acidification on Herg-channel function显示文摘 | Jiang M Dua W Tseng G N | 1999 | Am J physiol1999，277，42： | 1 |
| 20 | Direct Marketing and the Use Level Consumer Information: Determining When 'Privacy' Matters显示文摘 | Nowak of Indiv How and Marketing G J dua Joseph P | 1995 | Journal of Direct1995，9，3： | 1 |
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