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| 1 | Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPTiO 2 ) and microparticles (MPTiO 2 ) on the inflammatory response in the small intestine of mice. METHODS: Bl 57/6 male mice received distilled water suspensions containing TiO 2 (100 mg/kg body weight) as NPTiO 2 (66 nm), or MPTiO 2 (260 nm) by gavage for 10 d, once a day; the control group received only distilled water. At the end of the treatment the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were extracted for assessment of cytokines, inflammatory cells and titanium content. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in segments of jejunum and ileum (mucosa and underlying muscular tissue). CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were evaluated in duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples fixed in 10% formalin by immuno-histochemistry. The titanium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: We found increased levels of T CD4 + cells (cells/mm 2 ) in duodenum:NP 1240 ± 139.4, MP 1070 ± 154.7 vs 458 ± 50.39 (P < 0.01); jejunum:NP 908.4 ± 130.3, MP 813.8 ± 103.8 vs 526.6 ± 61.43 (P < 0.05); and ileum:NP 818.60 ± 123.0, MP 640.1 ± 32.75 vs 466.9 ± 22.4 (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the groups receiving TiO 2 showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-4, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β. The cytokine production was more pronounced in the ileum (mean ± SE):IL-12: NP 33.98 ± 11.76, MP 74.11 ± 25.65 vs 19.06 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05); IL-4: NP 17.36 ± 9.96, MP 22.94 ± 7.47 vs 2.19 ± 0.65 (P < 0.05); IL-23: NP 157.20 ± 75.80, MP 134.50 ± 38.31 vs 22.34 ± 5.81 (P < 0.05); TNFα: NP 3.71 ± 1.33, MP 5.44 ± 1.67 vs 0.99± 019 (P < 0.05); IFNγ: NP 15.85 ± 9.99, MP 34.08 ± 11.44 vs 2.81 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05); and TGF-β: NP 780.70 ± 318.50, MP 1409.00 ± 502.20 vs 205.50 ± 63.93 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that TiO2 particles induce a Th1-mediated inflammatory response in the small bowel in mice. | Carolina Maciel Nogueira Walter Mendes de Azevedo Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli Sérgio Hiroshi Toma AndréZonetti de Arruda Leite Maria Laura Lordello Iêda Nishitokukado Carmen Lúcia Ortiz-Agostinho Maria IrmaSeixas Duarte Marcelo Alves Ferreira Aytan Miranda Sipahi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 8 |
| 2 | Transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus PaeciZomyces fumosoroseus with Agrobacterium tumefaciens 显示文摘 | Lima I G Duarte R T Furlaneto L | 2006 | Letters in Applied Mi erobiology2006，42，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Characterization of the MerD protein from Ralstonia metallidurans CH34:a possible role in bacterial mercury resistance by switching off the induction of the mer operon显示文摘 | Champier L Duarte V Michaud-Soret I | 2004 | Molecular Microbiology2004，52，5： | 1 |
| 4 | A conceptual framework for the assessment of multiple functions of agro-ecosystems: A ease study of Tras-os-Montes olive groves显示文摘 | Fleskens L Duarte F Eieher I | 2009 | Journal of Rural Studies2009，25，1： | 1 |
| 5 | A conceptual framework for the assessment of multiple functions of agro-ecosystems: A case study of Trds-os-Montes olive groves显示文摘 | Fleskens L Duarte F Eicher I | 2009 | Journal of Rural Studies2009，25，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Using capillary electrophoresis for the determination of organic acids in Port wine显示文摘 | Valdemar I Esteves F Lima Diana L D Lima Armando C Duarte | 2004 | Analytica Chimica Acta2004，13，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Review of analytical figures of merit of sensors and biosensors in clinical applications显示文摘 | JUSTINO C I L ROCHA-SANTOS T A DUARTE A C | 2010 | Trac-Trend Anal Chem2010，29，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Hydriding Properties of an Mg-A1-Ni-Nd Hydrogen Storage Alloy 显示文摘 | Duarte G I Bustamante L A C Miranda P E V | 2007 | Seripta Materialia2007，56，： | 1 |
| 9 | Ecosystem impacts of the introduction of bycatch reduction devices in a tropical shrimp trawl fishery: Insights through simulation显示文摘 | Criales-Hernandez M I Duarte L O Garcia C B | 2006 | Fisheries Research2006，77，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Influence of tank geometry and flow pattern in fish distribution显示文摘 | DUARTE S REIG L MASAL谗I | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Analytical applications of affibodies显示文摘 | Justino C I L Duarte A C Rocha-Santos T A P | 2015 | TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry2015，65，： | 1 |
| 12 | Experimental study of the Fe-Ni-Ti system 显示文摘 | DUARTE L I KLOTZ U E LEINENBACH C PALM M STEIN F LOFFLER J F | 2010 | Interrnetallics2010，18，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Treatment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in a horizontal anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor显示文摘 | Duarte I C S Oliveira L L Saavedra N K | 2010 | Bioresource Technology2010，101，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Trust and Credit: The Role of Appearance in Peer-to-peer Lending 显示文摘 | I Duarte J Siegel S Young L A | 2012 | Review of Financial Studies2012，25，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus with Agrobacterium tumefaciens显示文摘 | Lima I G Duarte R T Furlaneto L | 2006 | Lett Appl Microbiol2006，42，： | 1 |
| 16 | Using distinct molecular signatures of human monocytes and dendritic calls to predict adjuvant activity and pyrogenicity of TLR agonists显示文摘 | Kamgang R Ramos I Rodrigues Duarte L | 2008 | Med Microbiol and hnmunol2008，197，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Evaluation of the microbial diversity in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor treating linear alkylbenzene sulfonate显示文摘 | Duarte I C S Oliveira L L Saavedra N K D | 2008 | Biodegradation2008，19，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Tautomers and UV-Induced photoisomerization of a strongly intramolecularly H-bonded aromatic azo-dye: 1-(Cyclopropyl)diazo-2-naphthol显示文摘 | DUARTE L GIULIANO B M REVA I | 2013 | J Phys Chem A2013，117，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Experimental study of the FeAl-NiAl-TiAl section显示文摘 | Duarte L I Leinenbach C Klotz U E | 2012 | Intermetallics2012，23，： | 1 |
| 20 | Solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis determination of phenols from soil after alkaline CuO oxidation显示文摘 | LIMA D L D DUARTE A C ESTEVES V I | 2007 | Chemosphere2007，69，： | 1 |
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