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| 1 | Prolonged high-fat-diet feeding promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alters gut microbiota in mice显示文摘BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic largely due to the worldwide increase in obesity. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies have been used to alleviate NAFLD, successful treatment options are limited. One of the main barriers to finding safe and effective drugs for long-term use in NAFLD is the fast initiation and progression of disease in the available preclinical models. Therefore, we are in need of preclinical models that (1) mimic the human manifestation of NAFLD and (2) have a longer progression time to allow for the design of superior treatments. AIM To characterize a model of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for investigation of the long-term progression of NAFLD. METHODS In this study, we utilized prolonged HFD feeding to examine NAFLD features in C57BL/6 male mice. We fed mice with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 80 wk to promote obesity (Old-HFD group, n = 18). A low-fat diet (LFD)(14% fat, 32% protein, and 54% carbohydrate) was administered for the same duration to age-matched mice (Old-LFD group, n = 15). An additional group of mice was maintained on the LFD (Young-LFD, n = 20) for a shorter duration (6 wk) to distinguish between age-dependent and age-independent effects. Liver, colon, adipose tissue, and feces were collected for histological and molecular assessments.RESULTS Prolonged HFD feeding led to obesity and insulin resistance. Histological analysis in the liver of HFD mice demonstrated steatosis, cell injury, portal and lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, molecular analysis for markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress established that the liver tissue of HFD mice have increased phosphorylated Jnk and CHOP. Lastly, we evaluated the gut microbial composition of Old-LFD and Old-HFD. We observed that prolonged HFD feeding in mice increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum. At the genus level, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of Adercreutzia, Coprococcus, Dorea, and Ruminococcus and decreased relative abundance of Turicibacter and Anaeroplasma in HFD mice. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that chronic HFD consumption in mice can mimic pathophysiological and some microbial events observed in NAFLD patients. | Kandy T Velázquez Reilly T Enos Jackie E Bader Alexander T Sougiannis Meredith S Carson Ioulia Chatzistamou James A Carson Prakash S Nagarkatti Mitzi Nagarkatti E Angela Murphy | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，8： | 6 |
| 2 | Who blogs? Personality predictors of bIogging 显示文摘 | Guadagno R E Okdie B M Eno C A | 2008 | Computers in Human Behavior2008，，24： | 1 |
| 3 | Breast disease: clinical application of US elastography for diagnosis显示文摘 | ITOH A U ENO E TOHNO E | 2006 | Radiology2006，239，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Lofer cyclothems revisited( Late Trias- sic, Northern Alps, Austria) 显示文摘 | Enos P Samankassou E | 1998 | Facies1998，38，： | 1 |
| 5 | Lofer cyclothems revisited (Late Triassic,Northern Alps,Austria)显示文摘 | Enos P Samankassou E | 1998 | Facies1998，38，： | 1 |
| 6 | Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Danish pig herds:productivity,clinical signs and pathology显示文摘 | NIELSEN E O ENOE C JORSAL S E | 2008 | Vet Rec2008，162，31： | 1 |
| 7 | Who blogs? Per- sonality predictors of blogging 显示文摘 | GUADAGNO R E OKDIE B M ENO C A | 2008 | Computers in Human Be- havior2008，24，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Ambient levels of UV- B in Hawaii combined with nutrient deficiency decrease photosynthesis in near-isogenic maize lines varying in leaf flavonoids: F|avonoids decrease photoinhibition in plants exposed to UV-B显示文摘 | Lau T S L Eno E Goldstein G etal | 2006 | Photosynthetica2006，44，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Ambient levels of UV- B in Hawaii combined with nutrient deficiency decrease photosynthesis in neavisogenic maize lines varying in leaf flavonoids: Flavonoids decrease photoinhibition in plants exposed to UV-B 显示文摘 | Lau T S L Eno E Goldstein G etal | 2006 | Photosynthetica2006，44，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Who blogs? Personality predictors of blogging 显示文摘 | GUADAGNO R E OKDIE B M ENO C A | 2008 | Computers in Hu- man Behavior2008，24，： | 1 |
| 11 | Who blogs? Person- ality predictors ofblogging显示文摘 | Guadagno Ik E Okdie B M Eno C A | 2008 | Computers in Human Behav- ior2008，24，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Breast disease:clinical application of US elastography for diagnosis显示文摘 | Itoh A U eno E Tobao E | 2006 | Radiology2006，239，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Primary peritoneal clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in previous abdominal scar for en- dometriosis surgery 显示文摘 | Matsuo K Alonsozana E L Eno M L | 2009 | Arch Gynecol Obstet2009，280，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Viscum album (mistletoe) extract prevents changes in levels of red blood cells, PCV, Hb, serum proteins and ESR in high salt-fed rats 显示文摘 | Ofem O E Eno A E Nku C O | 2009 | JEthnopharmcol2009，126，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Subgroup analysis and other (mis)uses of baseline data in clinical trials显示文摘 | Susan F Assmann Stuart J Pocock Laura E Enos Linda E Kasten | 2000 | The Lancet2000，，9209： | 1 |
| 16 | Who Blogs? Personality Predictors of Blogging显示文摘 | GUADAGNO R E OKDIE B M ENO C A | 2008 | Com- puters in Human Behavior2008，24，5： | 1 |
| 17 | The influence of sintering tprocess and atmosphere on the non-ohmic properties of SnO2 based varistor 显示文摘 | NASCIMENTO A M BU ENO P R | 1999 | J Mater Sci Mater in Electr1999，10，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Who blogs? Personality predictors of blogging显示文摘 | Guadagno R E Okdiea B M Eno C A | 2007 | Computers in Human Behavior2007，，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Ambient levels of UV-B in Hawaii combined with nutrient deficiency decrease photo- synthesis in near-isogenic maize lines varying in leaf flavonoids: Flavonoids decrease photoinhibition in plants exposed to UV- B显示文摘 | Lau T S L Eno E Goldstein G | 2006 | Photosynthetiea2006，44，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Primary peritoneal clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in previous ab- dominal scar for endometriosis surgery 显示文摘 | MATSUO K ALONSOZANA E L C ENO M L | 2009 | Arch Gynecol Ob- stet2009，280，： | 1 |
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