| 1 | Habitat productivity and pyrethroid susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania显示文摘Background:Aedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae)is the main vector of the dengue virus globally.Dengue vector control is mainly based on reducing the vector population through interventions,which target potential breeding sites.However,in Tanzania,little is known about this vector’s habitat productivity and insecticide susceptibility status to support evidence-based implementation of control measures.The present study aimed at assessing the productivity and susceptibility status of A.aegypti mosquitoes to pyrethroid-based insecticides in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.Methods:An entomological assessment was conducted between January and July 2015 in six randomly selected wards in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.Habitat productivity was determined by the number of female adult A.aegypti mosquitoes emerged per square metre.The susceptibility status of adult A.aegypti females after exposure to 0.05%deltamethrin,0.75%permethrin and 0.05%lambda-cyhalothrin was evaluated using the standard WHO protocols.Mortality rates were recorded after 24 h exposure and the knockdown effect was recorded at the time points of 10,15,20,30,40,50 and 60 min to calculate the median knockdown times(KDT50 and KDT95).Results:The results suggest that disposed tyres had the highest productivity,while water storage tanks had the lowest productivity among the breeding habitats Of A.aegypti mosquitoes.All sites demonstrated reduced susceptibility to deltamethrin(0.05%)within 24 h post exposure,with mortalities ranging from 86.3±1.9(mean±SD)to 96.8±0.9(mean±SD).The lowest and highest susceptibilities were recorded in Mikocheni and Sinza wards,respectively.Similarly,all sites demonstrated reduced susceptibility permethrin(0.75%)ranging from 83.1±2.1%(mean±SD)to 96.2±0.9%(mean±SD),in Kipawa and Sinza,respectively.Relatively low mortality rates were observed in relation to lambda-cyhalothrin(0.05%)at all sites,ranging from 83.1±0.7(mean±SD)to 86.3±1.4(mean±SD).The median KDT_(50)for deltamethrin,permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin were 24.9-30.3 min,24.3-34.4 min and 26.7-32.8 min,respectively.The KDT_(95)were 55.2-90.9 min for deltamethrin,54.3-94.6 min for permethrin and 64.5-69.2 min for lambda-cyhalothrin.Conclusions:The productive habitats for A.aegypti mosquitoes found in Dar es Salaam were water storage containers,discarded tins and tyres.There was a reduced susceptibility of A.aegypti to and emergence of resistance against pyrethroid-based insecticides.The documented differences in the resistance profiles of A.aegypti mosquitoes warrants regular monitoring the pattern concerning resistance against pyrethroid-based insecticides and define dengue vector control strategies. | Leah Mathias Vito Baraka Anitha Philbert Ester Innocent Filbert Francis Gamba N.kwengulila Eliningaya J.Kweka | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 0 |
| 2 | Effect of Geographical location on yield and chemical composition of essential oils from three Eucalyptus species growing in Tanzania显示文摘Chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) is dependent on the plant species and varieties, and within the same variety, from geographical region. Knowledge of the factors that determine the chemical variability and yield for each species are very important in particular for commercially important species, to optimize the conditions that may affect yields and quality of essential oils. In addition to the commercial importance of the variability in yield and composition, the possible changes are also important when the essential oils and volatiles are used as chemotaxonomic tools. Therefore it is important to characterize essential oils native to Tanzania for commercial and therapeutic purpose. In the present study we investigated the variation in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from air dried leaves of three Eucalyptus species namely Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus camaldulensis collected from two different regions of Tanzania namely Morogoro and Lushoto. The steam-distilled essential oil content of E. saligna, E. citriodora and E. camaldulensis Morogoro were 0.6%(v/w), 1.68%(v/w) and 0.80%(v/w) respectively while from Lushoto are 0.30%, 1.22 and 0.36%(v/w) respectively. Using GC/MS,α-pinene (46.72%) and p-cymene (43.61%) were identified as the most abundant chemical constituents of E. saligna from Morogoro and Lushoto respectively. Citronellal (82.24% and 60.41% respectively) is the main constituents of E. citriodora from Morogoro and Lushoto respectively while p-cymene (52.59% and 64.02%) is the main constituents of E. camaldulensis. | Ismail Almas Ester Innocent Francis Machumi William Kisinza | 2019 | Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines2019，14，1： | 0 |
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