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| 1 | Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, theories and evidence to date显示文摘The prevalence of type 2 diabetes(T2D)has increased worldwide and doubled over the last two decades.It features among the top 10 causes of mortality and morbidity in the world.Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of complications in diabetes and within this,heart failure has been shown to be the leading cause of emergency admissions in the United Kingdom.There are many hypotheses and well-evidenced mechanisms by which diabetic cardiomyopathy as an entity develops.This review aims to give an overview of these mechanisms,with particular emphasis on metabolic inflexibility.T2D is associated with inefficient substrate utilisation,an inability to increase glucose metabolism and dependence on fatty acid oxidation within the diabetic heart resulting in mitochondrial uncoupling,glucotoxicity,lipotoxicity and initially subclinical cardiac dysfunction and finally in overt heart failure.The review also gives a concise update on developments within clinical imaging,specifically cardiac magnetic resonance studies to characterise and phenotype early cardiac dysfunction in T2D.A better understanding of the pathophysiology involved provides a platform for targeted therapy in diabetes to prevent the development of early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. | Lavanya Athithan Gaurav S Gulsin Gerald P McCann Eylem Levelt | 2019 | World Journal of Diabetes2019，10，10： | 15 |
| 2 | 3T magnetic resonance neurography of pudendal nerve with cadaveric dissection correlation显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the pudendal nerve segments that could be identified on magnetic resonance neurography(MRN) before and after surgical marking of different nerve segments.METHODS: The hypothesis for this study was that pudendal nerve and its branches would be more easily seen after the surgical nerve marking. Institutional board approval was obtained. One male and one female cadaver pelvis were obtained from the anatomy board and were scanned using 3 Tesla MRI scanner using MR neurography sequences. All possible pudendal nerve branches were identified. The cadavers were then sent to the autopsy lab and were surgically dissected by a peripheral nerve surgeon and an anatomist to identify the pudendal nerve branches. Radiological markers were placed along the course of the pudendal nerve and its branches. The cadavers were then closed and rescanned using the same MRN protocol as the premarking scan. The remaining pudendal nerve branches were attempted to be identified using the radiological markers. All scans were read by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist.RESULTS: The pre-marking MR Neurography scans clearly showed the pudendal nerve at its exit from the lumbosacral plexus in the sciatic notch, at the level of the ischial spine and in the Alcock's Canal in both cadavers. Additionally, the right hemorrhoidal branch could be identified in the male pelvis cadaver. The perineal and distal genital branches could not be identified. On post-marking scans, the markers were used as identifiable structures. The location of the perineal branch, the hemorroidal branch and the dorsal nerve to penis(in male cadaver)/clitoris(in female cadaver) could be seen. However, the visualization of these branches was suboptimal. The contralateral corresponding nerves were poorly seen despite marking on the surgical side. The nerve was best seen on axial T1W and T2W SPAIR images. The proximal segment could be seen well on 3D DW PSIF sequence. T2W SPACE was not very useful in visualization of this small nerve or its branches.CONCLUSION: Proximal pudendal nerve is easily seen on MR neurography, however it is not possible to identify distal branches of the pudendal nerve even after surgical marking. | Avneesh Chhabra Courtney A McKenna Vibhor Wadhwa Gaurav K Thawait John A Carrino Gary P Lees A Lee Dellon | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，7： | 3 |
| 3 | Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger age.AIM To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with T2D.METHODS A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 years.Anthropometric and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood pressure.Univariable and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk factor.RESULTS A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in life.Participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older age.Modelling results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other confounders.Younger age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile,compared to those diagnosed later in life. | Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann Emma L Redman David R Webb Emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant | 2022 | World Journal of Diabetes2022，13，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Archery Algorithm:A Novel Stochastic Optimization Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems显示文摘Finding a suitable solution to an optimization problem designed in science is a major challenge.Therefore,these must be addressed utilizing proper approaches.Based on a random search space,optimization algorithms can find acceptable solutions to problems.Archery Algorithm(AA)is a new stochastic approach for addressing optimization problems that is discussed in this study.The fundamental idea of developing the suggested AA is to imitate the archer’s shooting behavior toward the target panel.The proposed algorithm updates the location of each member of the population in each dimension of the search space by a member randomly marked by the archer.The AA is mathematically described,and its capacity to solve optimization problems is evaluated on twenty-three distinct types of objective functions.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm’s performance is compared vs.eight approaches,including teaching-learning based optimization,marine predators algorithm,genetic algorithm,grey wolf optimization,particle swarm optimization,whale optimization algorithm,gravitational search algorithm,and tunicate swarm algorithm.According to the simulation findings,the AA has a good capacity to tackle optimization issues in both unimodal and multimodal scenarios,and it can give adequate quasi-optimal solutions to these problems.The analysis and comparison of competing algorithms’performance with the proposed algorithm demonstrates the superiority and competitiveness of the AA. | Fatemeh Ahmadi Zeidabadi Mohammad Dehghani Pavel Trojovsky Štěpán Hubálovsky Victor Leiva Gaurav Dhiman | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，7： | 2 |
| 5 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 6 | Impact at nalysis of biodiesel on engine performance : A review 显示文摘 | Gaurav Dwivedi J Siddharth A M P Sharm | 2011 | Re1 ble and Sustainable Energy Reviews2011，15，46： | 1 |
| 7 | lhe percuta neous compression plate versus the dynamic hip screw:a meta a- nalysis显示文摘 | SUKHMEET S P SAQEB M GAURAV B | 2008 | ActaOrthop Belg2008，74，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Impact analysis of biodiesel on engine performance-A review显示文摘 | GAURAV D SIDDHARTH J SHARMA M P | 2011 | Re- newable and Sustainable Energy Reviews2011，15，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Unburned carbon from bagasse fly ash as a support for a VOC oxidation catalyst 显示文摘 | Gaurav P Subramanian S Vidya S B | 2012 | Catalysis Today2012，190，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Predictive factor analysisfor successful performance of iris recognition-assisted dynamicrotational eye tracking during laser in situ keratomileusis 显示文摘 | Gaurav P Dhivya AK Amar A | 2010 | Am J Ophthalmol2010，149，： | 1 |
| 11 | Efficacy and safety of everolimus for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (EXIST-1): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial显示文摘 | David Neal Franz Elena Belousova Steven Sparagana E Martina Bebin Michael Frost Rachel Kuperman Olaf Witt Michael H Kohrman J Robert Flamini Joyce Y Wu Paolo Curatolo Petrus J de Vries Vicky H Whittemore Elizabeth A Thiele James P Ford Gaurav Shah Helene | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Chitosan derivatives for pH- sensitive stealth coating 显示文摘 | Xu P Gaurav B Tyler S | 2010 | Biomacromolecules2010，，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Computa- tional fluid dynamics modeling for hydrogen ignition in a rapid compression machine 显示文摘 | GAURAV M MANDHAPATI P R CHIHJEN S | 2008 | Combustion and Flame2008，155，： | 1 |
| 14 | Impact Analysis of Biodiesel on Engine Performance-A Review显示文摘 | Gaurav Dwivedi Siddharth Jain Sharma M P | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 15 | Production,optimization and partial purification of protease from Bacillus subtilis显示文摘 | GAURAV P ANIL P PAVANI J VP | 2015 | Journal of Taibah University for Science2015，9，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Advances in small-gauge vitrectomy显示文摘 | Manish N Gaurav P Pravin J | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 17 | Agglomerates and granules of nanoparticles as filter media for submicron particles 显示文摘 | JOSE Q GAURAV P ROBERT P | 2008 | Powder Technology2008，183，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Early-age properties of cement-based materials Ⅰ:influence of cement fineness显示文摘 | DALE P B GAURAV S JASON W | 2008 | J Mat in Civ Engrg2008，20，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Quantitative relationship of stress Tc-99m sestamibi lung uptake with resting Tl-201 lung uptake and with indices of left ventricular dysfunction and coronary artery disease显示文摘 | Gaurav M Patel Thomas H Hauser J.Anthony Parker Duane S Pinto Gregory P Sanders Franz C Aepfelbacher Polyxeni Koutkia Peter G Danias | 2004 | Journal of Nuclear Cardiology2004，，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Interactionbetween the surface properties of the textilesand the deposition of cationic softener 显示文摘 | GAURAV A ANNE P LUDOVIC K | 2012 | Journalof Surfactants and Detergents2012，15，1： | 1 |
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