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| 1 | Role of interleukin-1 and its antagonism of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and liver fibrosis in the Abcb4^(-/-) mouse model显示文摘AIM: To study the interleukin-1(IL-1) pathway as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo using the ATP-binding cassette transporter b4^(-/-)(Abcb4^(-/-)) mouse model.METHODS: Female and male Abcb4^(-/-) mice from 6 to 13 mo of age were analysed for the degree of cholestasis(liver serum tests), extent of liver fibrosis(hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining) and tissue-specific activation of signalling pathways such as the IL-1 pathway [quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)]. For in vivo experiments, murine hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) were isolated via pronasecollagenase perfusion followed by density gradient centrifugation using female mice. Murine HSCs were stimulated with up to 1 ng/m L IL-1β with or without 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, respectively. The proliferation of murine HSCs was assessed via the Brd U assay. The toxicity of Anakinra was evaluated via the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDH) assay. In vivo 8-wk-old Abcb4^(-/-) mice with an already fully established hepatic phenotype were treated with Anakinra(1 mg/kg body-weight daily intraperitoneally) or vehicle and liver injury and liver fibrosis were evaluated via serum tests, q PCR, hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was less pronounced in males than in female Abcb4^(-/-) animals as defined by a lower hydroxyproline content(274 ± 64 μg/g vs 436 ± 80 μg/g liver, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; MannWhitney U-test) and lower m RNA expression of the profibrogenic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP)(1 ± 0.41 vs 0.66 ± 0.33 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Reduced liver fibrosis was associated with significantly lower levels of F4/80 m RNA expression(1 ± 0.28 vs 0.71 ± 0.41 fold, respectively; n = 12-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test) and significantly lower IL-1β m RNA expression levels(1 ± 0.38 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). No gender differences in the serum liver parameters [bilirubin; alanine aminotransferase(ALT); aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(AP)] were found. In vitro, the administration of IL-1β resulted in a significant increase in HSC proliferation [0.94 ± 0.72 arbitrary units(A.U.) in untreated controls, 1.12 ± 0.80 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L and 1.18 ± 0.73 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; analyses of variance(ANOVA)]. Proliferation was reduced significantly by the addition of 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra(0.81 ± 0.60 A.U. in untreated controls, 0.92 ± 0.68 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L, and 0.91 ± 0.69 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L; in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; ANOVA) suggesting an anti-proliferative effect of this clinically approved IL-1 receptor antagonist. The FDH assay showed this dose to be non-toxic in HSCs. In vivo, Anakinra had no effect on the hepatic hydroxyprolinecontent, liver serum tests(ALT and AP) and profibrotic(collagen 1α1, collagen 1α2, transforming growth factor-β, and TIMP-1) and anti-fibrotic [matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2), MMP9 and MMP13 ] gene expression after 4 wk of treatment. Furthermore, the hepatic IL-1β and F4/80 m RNA expression levels were unaffected by Anakinra treatment.CONCLUSION: IL-1β expression is associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in Abcb4^(-/-) mice and promotes HSC proliferation. IL-1 antagonism shows antifibrotic effects in vitro but not in Abcb4^(-/-) mice. | Florian P Reiter Ralf Wimmer Lena Wottke Renate Artmann Jutta M Nagel Manuel O Carranza Doris Mayr Christian Rust Peter Fickert Michael Trauner Alexander L Gerbes Simon Hohenester Gerald U Denk | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，8： | 3 |
| 2 | 1,25-(OH) 2 -vitamin D 3 prevents activation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro and ameliorates inflammatory liver damage but not fibrosis in the Abcb4 ?/? model显示文摘 | Florian P. Reiter Simon Hohenester Jutta M. Nagel Ralf Wimmer Renate Artmann Lena Wottke Marie-Christine Makeschin Doris Mayr Christian Rust Michael Trauner Gerald U. Denk | 2015 | Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communicatio2015，，2： | 1 |
| 3 | 始新世海鸟基辅鸟(Kievornis Averianov et al.,1990)新材料及其亲缘关系的重新评估(英文)显示文摘描述了始新世基辅鸟类新标本。研究表明基辅鸟类生活在特提斯海中始新世早路特期至早巴顿期,分布范围至少包括乌克兰东部的伊克夫到中部的基辅地区。暂时将基辅鸟归人鹱形目。虽然基辅鸟具有一些鹱形目的典型特征,但缺少鹱形目的衍生特征,或许代表了近祖状态。 | Evgeniy ZVONOK Gerald MAYR Leonid GOROBETS | 2015 | 古脊椎动物学报2015，53，3： | 0 |
| 4 | Waders(Scolopacidae)surviving despite malaligned leg fractures in the wild:kinematics of bipedal locomotion显示文摘Background: Bone fracture frequencies and survival rates are essential parameters in skeleton evolution, but information on the functional consequences of naturally healed fractures is scarce. No leg bone fracture healing in the wild has been reported so far from long-legged Charadriiformes(waders), which depend on bipedal locomotion for feeding.Methods: We documented a healed but malaligned tarsometatarsus fracture in a wild Willet(Tringa [Catoptrophorus]semipalmata), and a malaligned tibiotarsus fracture in a Curlew(Numenius arquata) skeleton from a museum collection. Functional consequences of the malalignments were evaluated by kinematic analyses of videos(Willet) and in silico 3D modeling(Curlew).Results: The Willet's left tarsometatarsus exhibited an angular malalignment of 70°, resulting in a limping gait that was less pronounced at high than at low walking speed. The bird seemed unable to club the toes of the left foot together, apparently a secondary effect of the deformity. The Curlew's tibiotarsus showed an angular and an axial malalignment, causing the foot to rotate outwards when the intertarsal joint was flexed. Despite the severe effects of their injuries, the birds had survived at least long enough for the fractures to heal completely.Conclusions: Somewhat unexpectedly, leg fractures are not necessarily fatal in long-legged waders, even if deformities occur in the healing process. Bipedal locomotion on vegetated grounds must have been impeded due to the bone malalignments in both analyzed cases. The birds probably alleviated the impact of their handicaps by shifting a larger proportion of their activities to vegetation-free habitats. | Jessica Reichert Gerald Mayr Thomas Wilke Winfried S.Peters | 2017 | Avian Research2017，8，3： | 0 |
| 5 | Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds显示文摘Knowledge of the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of birds has grown substantially during the past two decades due to the application of genomic data.However,the nomenclature of higher-level taxa has not become more stable,due to the lack of regulation of taxon names above the level of superfamily by the ICZN,and the usage of rank-based nomenclature,which is not tied to clades in a phylogeny.Lack of regulation and the instability of rank-based nomenclature impede effective communication among systematists.We review support for higher-level avian clades using a set of 10 phylogenomic data sets,and identify clades that are supported by congruency of at least four of these.We provide formal definitions of the names of these clades based on the rules of the recently published PhyloCode.The names of 25 clades are here defined using minimum-crown-clade(n=23),minimum-clade(n=1)and maximum-crown-clade(n=1)definitions.Five new names are introduced here:Dinocrypturi,Pteroclimesites,Musophagotides,Phaethoquornithes and Pelecanes.We also review diagnostic apomorphies of the relevant clades,and identify known synonyms and homonyms.By establishing a formal link between higher-level taxon names and well-supported phylogenetic hypotheses,our phylogenetic definitions will provide a solid basis for the stabilization of avian higher-level nomenclature. | George Sangster Edward L.Braun Ulf S.Johansson Rebecca T.Kimball Gerald Mayr Alexander Suh | 2022 | Avian Research2022，13，2： | 0 |
| 6 | 采用电子能量损失谱成像技术对富铬钢的析出相进行综合分析显示文摘本文采用先进的扫描透射电子显微镜方法,研究含Cr为9%的硼合金化钢在热处理过程和蠕变测试过程中的微观组织的演变规律,并对于硼元素的作用进行了重点探讨。通过扫描透射电子显微镜获得的电子能量损失谱图像能提供具有高的空间和能量分辩率的碳、氮、铁、铬、钒的组成定量图(单位为atoms/nm3),这些图包含了丰富的元素信息。对包含在M23(C,B)6颗粒中的MX析出相进行了鉴定,并分析了其中的硼含量。为了识别氮化钒颗粒向复杂的氮化物(改性Z相)的早期转变过程,通过应用二元直方图分析对能量过滤透射电子显微镜(TEM)的元素图谱进行处理。另外,该研究绘制了蠕变检测样品的原奥氏体晶界图,并通过能量过滤透射电子显微镜,电子能量损失和X射线光谱图对析出相进行了鉴别。 | ALBU Mihaela MAYR Peter HOFER Ferdinand KOTHLEITNER Gerald | 2012 | 冶金分析2012，32，12： | 0 |
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