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| 1 | Recommendations to quantify villous atrophy in video capsule endoscopy images of celiac disease patients显示文摘AIM To quantify the presence of villous atrophy in endoscopic images for improved automation.METHODS There are two main categories of quantitative descriptors helpful to detect villous atrophy:(1) Statistical and(2) Syntactic. Statistical descriptors measure the small intestinal substrate in endoscope-acquired images based on mathematical methods. Texture is the most commonly used statistical descriptor to quantify villous atrophy. Syntactic descriptors comprise a syntax, or set of rules, for analyzing and parsing the substrate into a set of objects with boundaries. The syntax is designed to identify and distinguish three-dimensional structures based on their shape.RESULTS The variance texture statistical descriptor is useful to describe the average variability in image gray level representing villous atrophy, but does not determine the range in variability and the spatial relationships between regions. Improved textural descriptors will incorporate these factors, so that areas with variability gradients and regions that are orientation dependent can be distinguished. The protrusion syntactic descriptor is useful to detect three-dimensional architectural components, but is limited to identifying objects of a certain shape. Improvement in this descriptor will require incorporating flexibility to the prototypical template, so that protrusions of any shape can be detected, measured, and distinguished.CONCLUSION Improved quantitative descriptors of villous atrophy are being developed, which will be useful in detecting subtle, varying patterns of villous atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa of suspected and known celiac disease patients. | Edward J Ciaccio Govind Bhagat Suzanne K Lewis Peter H Green | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，18： | 3 |
| 2 | Implementation of a polling protocol for predicting celiac disease in videocapsule analysis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the presence of small intestinal villous atrophy in celiac disease patients from quantitative analysis of videocapsule image sequences.METHODS: Nine celiac patient data with biopsy-proven villous atrophy and seven control patient data lacking villous atrophy were used for analysis. Celiacs had biopsy-proven disease with scores of Marsh Ⅱ-Ⅲ C except in the case of one hemophiliac patient. At four small intestinal levels (duodenal bulb, distal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), video clips of length 200 frames (100 s) were analyzed. Twenty-four measurements were used for image characterization. These measurements were determined by quantitatively processing the videocapsule images via techniques for texture analysis, motility estimation, volumetric reconstruction using shape-from-shading principles, and image transformation. Each automated measurement method, or automaton, was polled as to whether or not villous atrophy was present in the small intestine, indicating celiac disease. Each automaton's vote was determined based upon an optimized parameter threshold level, with the threshold levels being determined from prior data. A prediction of villous atrophy was made if it received the majority of votes (≥ 13), while no prediction was made for tie votes (12-12). Thus each set of images was classified as being from either a celiac disease patient or from a control patient. RESULTS: Separated by intestinal level, the overall sensitivity of automata polling for predicting villous atrophy and hence celiac disease was 83.9%, while the specificity was 92.9%, and the overall accuracy of automata-based polling was 88.1%. The method of image transformation yielded the highest sensitivity at 93.8%, while the method of texture analysis using subbands had the highest specificity at 76.0%. Similar results of prediction were observed at all four small intestinal locations, but there were more tie votes at location 4 (ileum). Incorrect prediction which reduced sensitivity occurred for two celiac patients with Marsh type Ⅱ pattern, which is characterized by crypt hyperplasia, but normal villous architecture. Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 14.31 ± 3.28 automaton votes for celiac vs 9.67 ± 3.31 automaton votes for control when celiac patient data was analyzed (P<0.001). Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 9.71 ± 2.8128 automaton votes for celiac vs 14.32 ± 2.7931 automaton votes for control when control patient data was analyzed (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Automata-based polling may be useful to indicate presence of mucosal atrophy, indicative of celiac disease, across the entire small bowel, though this must be confirmed in a larger patient set. Since the method is quantitative and automated, it can potentially eliminate observer bias and enable the detectionof subtle abnormality in patients lacking a clear diagnosis. Our paradigm was found to be more efficacious at proximal small intestinal locations, which may suggest a greater presence and severity of villous atrophy at proximal as compared with distal locations. | Edward J Ciaccio Christina A Tennyson Govind Bhagat Suzanne K Lewis Peter H Green | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，7： | 3 |
| 3 | Activity and Characterization of Cu/Zn, Cu/Cr and Cu/Zr on Alumina For Methanol Reforming for Fuel Cell Vehicles显示文摘 | Bard Lindstrom Lars J Pettersson Govind Menon P | 2002 | Applied Catalysis A : General2002，234，： | 1 |
| 4 | Cervicogenic headache: an assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment 显示文摘 | Bogduk N Govind J | 2009 | Lancet Neurol2009，8，10： | 1 |
| 5 | Modeling and simulation of anen- trained flow coal gasifier 显示文摘 | Govind R Shah J | 1984 | AIChE Journal1984，30，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Combination of High Precision Space Geodetic Techniques:The Asia and Pacific Regional Geodetic Project 1997显示文摘 | GOVIND R DAWSON J SPROULE D | 1999 | Advances in Space Research1999，23，4： | 1 |
| 7 | The surgical anatomyof lumbar medial branch neurotomy(facet denervation)显示文摘 | Lau P Mercer S Govind J | 2004 | Pain Med2004，5，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Control procedures for residuals associated with principal component analysis 显示文摘 | Edward Jackson J Govind S Mudholkar | 1979 | Technometrics1979，21，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Cervicogenic headache: anassessment of the evi- dence on clinical diagnosis, invasive test, and treatment 显示文摘 | Bogduk N Govind J | 2009 | Lancet Neuro12009，8，： | 1 |
| 10 | Evidence that Clostridium difficile TcdC is a membrane-associated protein显示文摘 | Govind R Vediyappan G Rolfe R D Fralick J A | 2006 | J Bacteriol2006，188，： | 1 |
| 11 | Cervicogenic headache :an assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis,invasive tests,and treatment显示文摘 | Bogduk N Govind J | 2009 | Lancet Neurol2009，8，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Identification and functional validation of a unique set of drought induced genes preferentially expressed in response to gradual water stress in peanut显示文摘 | Govind G Harshavardhan V T Patricia J K | 2009 | Molec- ular Genetics and Genomics2009，281，： | 1 |
| 13 | Controlprocedures for residuals associated with principal component analysis 显示文摘 | Jackson J E Govind S M | 1979 | Technometrics1979，21，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Activity and characterization of Cu/Zn, Cu/Cr and Cu/Zr on y-alumina for methanol reforming for fuel cell vehicles显示文摘 | Lindstr6m B Pettersson L J Govind Menon P | 2002 | Applied Catalysis A: General2002，234，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Cervicogenic headache:an assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis,invasive tests,and treatment显示文摘 | Bogduk N Govind J | 2009 | Lancet Neurol2009，8，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Cancer Chemmo preventive Activity of Synthetic Colorants uesd in- Foods, Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetic Preparations显示文摘 | Kapadia Govind J Tokuda Harukuni Sridhar Rajagopalan | 1998 | Cancer Letters1998，129，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Identification and functional validation of a unique set of drought induced genes preferentially expressed in response to gradual water stress in peanut 显示文摘 | Govind G ThammeGowda H V Kalaiarasi P J Iyer D R Muthappa S K Nese S Makarlu U K | 2009 | Mol Genet Genomics2009，281，： | 1 |
| 18 | A narrative review of lumbar medial branch neurotomy for the treatment of back pain显示文摘 | Bogduk N Dreyfuss P Govind J | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 19 | Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster 显示文摘 | Schlenke TA Morales J Govind S | 2007 | PLoS Pathogens2007，3，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness of evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute low back pain in primary care 显示文摘 | King W Govind J | 2001 | Spine2001，26，23： | 1 |
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