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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Porosity formation in modified and unmodified A356 alloy castings 显示文摘 | Granger D A | 1989 | AFS Trans1989，97，： | 1 |
| 3 | Effects of opioids in morphine-treated pigeons trained to discriminate among morphine, the low-efficacy agonist nalbuphine, and saline显示文摘 | WALKER E A PICKER M J GRANGER A | 2004 | J Pharmacol Exp Ther2004，310，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Price as an indicator of quality: report on an inquiry 显示文摘 | GABOR A GRANGER C W J 1966 | 1966 | Economica1966，33，： | 1 |
| 5 | Porosity formation in modified and unmodifled A356 alloy castings显示文摘 | Fang Q T Granger D A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Yeast wall protein 1 of Candida albicans 显示文摘 | Granger B L Flenniken M L Davis D A Mitchell A P Cutler JE | 2005 | Microbiology2005，151，： | 1 |
| 7 | Anthropogenic enrichment and nutrients in some tropical la- goons of Ghana, West Africa 显示文摘 | NIXON S W BUCKLEY B A GRANGER S L | 2007 | Ecological Applications2007，17，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Contributions of isehemia and reperfusion to mueosal lesion formation 显示文摘 | Parks D A Granger D N | 1986 | Am J Physiol1986，250，61： | 1 |
| 9 | Investigation of a star-like intermetallie phase occurring in alloy 339显示文摘 | GRANGER D A | 1991 | AFS Transactions1991，99，： | 1 |
| 10 | Hypercholesterolemia promotes Pselectin dependent platelet-endothelial cell adhesion in postcapillary venules 显示文摘 | Tailor A Granger DM | 2003 | Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology2003，23，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Contributions of ischemia and reperfusion to mucosal lesion formation显示文摘 | PARKS D A GRANGER D N | 1986 | Amm J Physiol1986，250，6： | 1 |
| 12 | ( + )-And (-)-borneol: efficacious positive modulators of GABAaction at human recombinant ell,82 2L GABAA receptors 显示文摘 | Renee E Granger Erica L Campbell Graham A R Johnston | 2005 | Bio- chem Pharmaco12005，69，： | 1 |
| 13 | Surfactant aggregates (solids) adsorbed on silica as stationary chromatographic phases: Structures and properties显示文摘 | BAKKER M G MORRIS T A TURNER G L GRANGER E | 2000 | Journal of Chromatography B2000，743，1： | 1 |
| 14 | A what-and-where fusion neural network for recognition and tracking of multiple radar emitters显示文摘 | Granger E Rubin M A Grossberg S | 2001 | Neural Networks2001，14，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Effects of opioids in morphine- treated pigeons trained to discriminate among morphine, the low - efficacy agonist nalbuphine, and saline 显示文摘 | Walker E A Picker M J Granger A | 2004 | J Pharmaeol Exp Ther2004，310，1： | 1 |
| 16 | The 'trouble' with salivary testosterone显示文摘 | Granger DA Shirtcliff EA Booth A | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 17 | A Conintegration Analysis of Treasury Bill Yields显示文摘 | Hall A D Anderson H M Granger C W J | 1992 | Review of Economics and Statistics1992，74，： | 1 |
| 18 | Leukocyte adherence in ratmesenteric venules:efficts of adenosine and methotrexate显示文摘 | Hiroshi A Robert E W Granger D N | 1993 | Gastroenterol1993，104，： | 1 |
| 19 | Phylogeny and systematics of Prunus (Rosaceae) as determined by sequence analysis of ITS and the chloroplast trnL-trnF spacer DNA显示文摘 | BORTIRI E OH S H JIANG J G BAGGETT S GRANGER A WEEKS C BUCKINGHARM M POTTER D PARFITT D E | 2001 | Systematic Botany2001，26，： | 1 |
| 20 | Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme in?hibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial显示文摘 | Granger CB McMurray JJ Yusuf S a al | 2003 | Lancet2003，362，9386： | 1 |
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