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| 1 | Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy显示文摘AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New Zealand.METHODS Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword 'circumcision' together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in 2016.Searches of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable articles.Articles were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied further.The most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were included.Bibliographies were examined to retrieve further key references.Randomized controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was performed.For efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if available.Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for MC.RESULTS Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health measure.Our systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion criteria.Together,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and 'ballooning' during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penile,prostate and cervical cancer.Our risk-benefit analysis showed that benefits exceeded procedural risks,which are predominantly minor,by up to 200 to 1.We estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime.Wide-ranging evidence from surveys,physiological measurements,and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation strongly and consistently suggested that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function,sensitivity or pleasure.United States studies showed that early infant MC is cost saving.The evidence supporting early infant MC has further strengthened since the positive AAP and CDC reviews.CONCLUSION Affirmative MC policies are needed in Australia and New Zealand.Routine provision of accurate,unbiased education,and access in public hospitals,will maximize health and financial benefits. | Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Neuroendocrine dysfunction in sleep apnoea: reversal by continuous positive airways pressure therapy 显示文摘 | Gnmstein R R Handelsman D J Lawrence S J | 1989 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab1989，68，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Diagnosis and man-agement of prediabetes in the continuum of hyperglycemia: when do the risks of diabetes begin? A consensus statement from the A- merican College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 显示文摘 | Garber A J Handelsman Y Einhorn D | 2008 | Endocr Pract2008，14，： | 1 |
| 4 | Metagenomics: genomic analysis of microbial communities 显示文摘 | Riesenfeld C S Schloss P D Handelsman H | 2004 | Annu Rev Genet2004，38，： | 1 |
| 5 | Biotechnological prospects from metagenomics显示文摘 | Schloss P D Handelsman J | 2003 | Curr Opin Biotechnol2003，14，： | 1 |
| 6 | Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes in the Continuum of Hyper- glycemia:When Do the Risks of Diabetes Begin? A Con- sensus Statement from the American College of Endocrinolo- gy and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinolo- gists显示文摘 | Garber A J Handelsman Y Einhorn D | 2008 | Endocr Pract2008，14，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Induction of spermatogenesis by androgens in gonadotropin -deficient (hpg) mice显示文摘 | Singh J O'Neill C Handelsman D J | 1995 | Endocrinology1995，132，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Introducing DOTUR, a computer program for defming operational taxonomic units and estimating species richness 显示文摘 | SCHLOSS P D HANDELSMAN J | 2005 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2005，71，3： | 1 |
| 9 | An analysis of testosterone implants for androgen replacement therapy显示文摘 | Handelsman D J Mackey M A Howe C | 1997 | Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1997，47，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Introducing DOTUR, a computer program for defining operational taxonomic units and estimating species richness显示文摘 | SCHLOSS P D HANDELSMAN J | 2005 | Appl Environ Microbiol2005，71，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Introducing DOTUR, a computer program for defining operational taxonomic units and estimating species richness显示文摘 | Schloss P D Handelsman J | 2005 | Appl Environ Microbiol2005，71，： | 1 |
| 12 | Introducing SONS, a tool for operational taxonomic unit-based comparisons of microbial community memberships and structures 显示文摘 | SCHLOSS P D HANDELSMAN J | 2006 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2006，72，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Biotechnological prospects from metagenomics显示文摘 | Schloss P D Handelsman J | 2003 | Current Opinion in Biotechnology2003，14，： | 1 |
| 14 | Status of the microbial census显示文摘 | Schloss P D Handelsman J | 2004 | Microbiol Mol Biol Rev2004，68，： | 1 |
| 15 | Quantitative reverse transcrip tase polymerase chain reaction assay for mouse androgen receptor mRNA显示文摘 | Foxley G J Dong Q Handelsman D J | 2001 | Endo crine2001，15，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Cohesin-docker interaction in cellulosome assembly:a single Asp-to-Asmutation disrupts high-affinity cohesin-dockerin binding显示文摘 | Handelsman T Barak Y Nakar D | 2004 | FEBS Letters2004，572，： | 1 |
| 17 | Biotechnological prospects frommetagenomics显示文摘 | SCHLOSS P D HANDELSMAN J | 2003 | Current Opinion in Biotechnology2003，14，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Androgen and cardiovascular disease显示文摘 | Liu P Y Death A K Handelsman D J | 2003 | Endocrinal reviews2003，24，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Introducing DOTUR-a computer program for defining operational taxonomic units and estimating species richness显示文摘 | Schloss P D Handelsman J | 2005 | Appl Environ Microbiol2005，71，： | 1 |
| 20 | Introducing DOTUR,a computer program for defining operational taxonomic mating species richness显示文摘 | Sehloss P D Handelsman J | 2005 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2005，71，3： | 1 |
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