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| 1 | Regulatory mechanisms for abnormal expression of the human breast cancer specific gene 1 in breast cancer cells显示文摘Breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1), also referred as synuclein γ, was originally iso-lated from a human breast cancer cDNA library and the protein is mainly localized to presynaptic terminals in the nervous system. BCSG1 is not expressed in normal or benign breast lesions, but expressed at an extremely high level in the vast majority of the advanced staged breast carcinomas and ovarian carcinomas. Overexpression of BCSG1 in cancer cells led to significant increase in cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness, and metastasis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism and regulation for abnormal transcription of BCSG1, a variety of BCSG1 promoter luciferase reporters were constructed including 3′ end deleted sequences, Sp1 deleted, and activator protein-1 (AP1) domains mutated. Transient transfection assay was used to detect the transcriptional activation of BCSG1 promoters. Results showed that the Sp1 sequence in 5′-flanking region was involved in the basal transcriptional activities of BCSG1 without cell-type specificity. In comparison to pGL3-1249, the reporter activities of pGL3-1553 in BCSG1-negative MCF-7 cells and pGL3-1759 in HepG2 cells were notably decreased. Mutations at AP1 sites in BCSG1 intron 1 significantly reduced the promoter ac-tivity in all cell lines. Transcription factors, c-jun, c-fos and cyclin AMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein, could markedly enhance the promoter activities. Thus, our results suggest that the abnormal expression of BCSG1 in breast cancer cells is likely regulated by multiple mechanisms. The 5′ flanking region of BCSG1 provides the basal transcriptional activity without cell type specificity. A critical promoter element involved in abnormal expression of BCSG1 presents in the first exon. The cell type specificity of BCSG1 transcription is probably affected through intronic cis-regulatory se-quences. AP1 domains in the first intron play an important role in control of BCSG1 transcription. | LU Aiping1, LI Qing1, LIU Jingwen2 1. Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100036, China 2. VA Palo alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, CA 94304, USA | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，4： | 8 |
| 2 | Comparison of PBDE congener profiles and concentration levels in human specimens from China and the US and identification of human exposure sources显示文摘In an effort to investigate the status of human exposure to PBDEs in China,available monitoring data in human specimens(including breast milk,serums,and blood) was collected from the general population as well as specific groups that are occupationally exposed.PBDEs exposure profiles and concentration levels were compared with their counterparts in the United States of America.It was found that PBDE burdens in general Chinese population are one order lower and have different congener profiles from that in the US,showing higher percentages of BDE-28 or BDE-153 in human specimens from China.Workers and residents in electronic wastes recycling regions or areas of commercial PBDE manufacturing have the highest PBDE exposure levels reported worldwide,which are close or higher than the exposure levels of the general population in the US. Highly brominated congeners,such as BDE-207 and 209,are among the major PBDE congeners,and BDE-209 has the highest percentage(above 50%) for all occupational populations studied.Principal components analysis(PCA) demonstrates that the exposure of the general population in the US is closely related to penta-BDE while the human burden in China is not.The PBDE in indoor air(gas phase) in the US is highly correlated with the PBDE burden in the general population in the US,indicating a major exposure pathway.For the occupationally exposed populations in China,the congener profiles are closely related to the commercial deca-BDE products.Examination of exposure profiles for general and occupational populations in China suggests that it is essential to include more highly brominated congeners,such as BDE-207 and 209,in future human exposure studies,in order to assess the real burdens and profiles of PBDEs exposure in China.Strict pollution prevention and occupational protection procedures are in need in China to avoid the PBDE contamination problem that has occurred in the US. | SHE JianWen 1,SHE YiFan 2 &SONG WenLu 2 1 Biochemistry Section,Environmental Health Laboratory Branch,California Department of Public Health,Richmond,CA 94804,USA 2Chemistry Section,Food and Drug Laboratory Branch,California Department of Public Health,Richmond,CA 94804,USA | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，5： | 5 |
| 3 | Remote sensing and geographic information systems in the spatial temporal dynamics modeling of infectious diseases显示文摘Similar to species immigration or exotic species invasion,infectious disease transmis-sion is strengthened due to the globalization of human activities. Using schistosomiasis as an exam-ple,we propose a conceptual model simulating the spatio-temporal dynamics of infectious diseases. We base the model on the knowledge of the interrelationship among the source,media,and the hosts of the disease. With the endemics data of schistosomiasis in Xichang,China,we demonstrate that the conceptual model is feasible; we introduce how remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques can be used in support of spatio-temporal modeling; we compare the different effects caused to the entire population when selecting different groups of people for schistosomiasis control. Our work illustrates the importance of such a modeling tool in supporting spatial decisions. Our mod-eling method can be directly applied to such infectious diseases as the plague,lyme disease,and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The application of remote sensing and geographic informa-tion systems can shed light on the modeling of other infectious disease and invasive species studies. | GONG Peng 1,XU Bing 2 & LIANG Song 1、3 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University,Box 9718,Beijing 100101,China 2. Department of Geography,University of Utah,Salt Lake City,UT 84112,USA 3. School of Public Health,University of California,Berkeley,CA 94720,USA | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，6： | 5 |
| 4 | Protein-only' or 'virino' in prion diseases?显示文摘60-year prion and scrapie research has led to a dilemma in understanding the unknown aetiology of the infectious neurodegenerative disorders with intriguing features. Current progress and dilemma in prion research are briefly but critically reviewed. Instead of providing a comprehensive coverage of the research history, attentions in this view are drawn toward both the major breakthrough in the advancement of protein-only hypothesis, and the puzzle why this hypothesis has not been fully accepted. In order to resolve the prion enigma in neuroscience, it is suggested that both technical and concept barriers remain to be crossed. Since prion research is a multi-interdisciplinary subject, this view is intended to both facilitate a bette r understanding of prion phenomenon by more scientists in natural science, and invite scientists outside the fields of molecular genetics and protein science for collaboration. | YANG Chiming (Chi Ming Yang) & CHEN Yi1. Institute for Life Science and Health at UCSD, P.O.Box 12035, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA 2. Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yang Chiming | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，3： | 2 |
| 5 | A Patho Physeological study of 10 caes of hypoxic cor pulmonale显示文摘 | Wilkinoson M Langhorm CA Health D | 1998 | QJ Med1998，66，： | 1 |
| 6 | Urinary diversion显示文摘 | World Health Organization Abol-Enein CA | 2007 | Urology2007，69，1： | 1 |
| 7 | The development of bioartificial nerve graft for peripheral-nerve regeneration显示文摘 | Health CA Rutkowski GE | 1998 | Trend in Biotech1998，16，： | 1 |
| 8 | The development of bioartificial nerve graft for peripheral nerve regeneration显示文摘 | Health CA Rutkowski GE | 1998 | Trend in Biotech1998，16，： | 1 |
| 9 | A patho physiological study of 10 caes of hypoxic cor pul monale 显示文摘 | Wilkinoson M Langhorm CA Health D | 1998 | OJ Meal1998，66，： | 1 |
| 10 | Environmental Occurrence of Selenium in Waters and Related Health Significance显示文摘Appreciable amounts of selenium in spring and well waters can be found due to geological occurrence. Concentrations of as much as 400 9000 μg/l have been reported in U. S. waters.These levels are 8 to 180 times the current EPA drinking water standard and approximate dietary exposures of 4900μg in selenosis regions of China. Reviews of health significance of the elevated drinking water exposures to U. S. populations revealed elevated concentrations of selenium in urine and blood. A decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity in such instances was noted. However noticeable symptoms and signs seem absent in studies reviewed. A comparison of intake levels (diet or drinking water) to urinary excretion for residents of China and the U. S. produced a correlation coefficient, r = 0. 82 (P < 0. 01 ) for the three research studies | JANE L. VALENTINE(School of Public Health, University of CalIfornia at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA) | 1997 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1997，10，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Cells for tissue engineering 显示文摘 | Health CA | 2000 | Trends Biotechnol2000，18，： | 1 |
| 12 | Cells for tissue engineering 显示文摘 | Health CA | 2000 | Trends Biotechnot2000，18，： | 1 |
| 13 | Evidence for oxidative damage to prion protein in prion diseases显示文摘In prion diseases the irreversible protein structural transformation process is completed in the brains of mammals within a few months, the uniformly generated infectivity displays extraordinary resistance to inactivation, suggesting that a vital energy source is required for the production of infectious particles. Considering the high oxygen-respiration rate in the brains, prion protein oxidative damage can be the crucial factor. Both theoretical consideration of the nature of protein radical reactions and a large body of previously unraveled feature of scrapie and prion diseases have provided multiple distinct lines of compelling evidence which persuasively support a suggestion that the infectious agents may be prion (free) radicals produced from protein oxidative damage. This paper describes that scrapie prions are most likely formed from prion radicals and oxidative species-mediated sequence-specific cross-linking of benign prion proteins. | YANG Chiming (Chi Ming Yang)Institute for Life Science and Health at UCSD, P. O. Box 12035, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA: College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University. Shanghai 200030, China: College of Chemistry, Nankui University, Tianjin 300071, | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，17： | 0 |
| 14 | Towards unfolding the prion misfolding mystery: Protein free radical chemistry in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies显示文摘Owing to the high oxygen-respiration in the brain of mammals, oxidative damage to prion protein hasbeen suggested to be an additional factor. A large body of intriguing features of scrapie and prion diseases haveprovided multiple lines of indirect chemistry evidence, suggesting that the infectious agents may be putative forms ofsequence-specific prion radicals (SSPR) and/or their immediate precursors in the transmissible spongiform encepha-lopathies (TSE). Here a molecular mechanism corresponding to the self-replication of scrapie protein mediated byprion free-radical processes, consonant with 'protein-only' hypotheses is proposed. This new theory may not onlyaid our understanding of the occurrence of prions, but also provides new insight into the possible chemistry principlesunderlying the neurodegenerative disorders. It is anticipated that future studies based on this suggestion and chem-istry principles of genetic diseases may allow us to determine an effective approach to stop mad cow disease and itshuman version, new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (v CJD). | YANG Chi-Ming( Neurochemlstry Group, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 Institute for Life Sciences & Health, La Jolla (San Diego), CA 92039-2035, USA) | 2003 | Nuclear Science and Techniques2003，14，3： | 0 |
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