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| 1 | Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetic patients at the Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia显示文摘Background:Tuberculosis(TB)is an infectious disease which is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world.People with diabetes mellitus(DM)have a three times higher risk of developing active TB than people without diabetes.However,there is not enough credible information on the burden of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)among DM patients in Ethiopia,in general,and in the city of Dessie,in particular.Therefore,this study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of smear positive PTB among diabetic patients at a referral hospital in Dessie.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2012 to April 2012.Patient demographic characteristics were collected using a pre-tested standard questionnaire format.Spot-morning-spot sputum specimens were collected from the study participants and examined for acid-fast bacilli using direct microscopy by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique.Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 16 statistical software and p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Out of 225 TB suspected diabetic patients,52%were males and 48%were females.Their ages ranged from 12 to 82 years,with a mean age of 47.2 years.Urban residence(AOR:5.5;95%CI:1.07-28.20),history of TB(AOR:13.4;95%CI:2.74-65.73),contact with TB patients in the family(AOR:9.4;95%CI:1.822-48.50),and long duration of DM(AOR:8.89;95%CI:1.88-58.12)were independently associated with the development of active TB in people living with DM.Conclusions:The prevalence of smear positive PTB was 6.2%in TB suspected diabetic patients,which is higher compared with the general population(0.39%).Patients with a previous history of contact with TB patients,as well as those who had prolonged diabetes,were more prone to have PTB.Therefore,screening of diabetic patients for PTB infection during follow-up is necessary. | Hiwot Amare Aschalew Gelaw Belay Anagaw Baye Gelaw | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 7 |
| 2 | Phlegmonous gastritis: case report and review显示文摘 | Gordon Y. Kim John Ward Bruce Henessey Joyce Peji Christopher Godell Hiwot Desta Scott Arlin John Tzagournis Fred Thomas | 2005 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2005，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography vs the Olympus V-scope system显示文摘AIM: To compare the new Olympus V-scope (VS) to conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreati-cography (ERCP). METHODS: Forty-nine patients with previous endoscopic papillotomy who were admitted for interventional ERCP for one of several reasons were included in this single-centre, prospective randomized study. Consecutive patients were randomized to either the VS group or to the conventional ERCP group. ERCP-nave patients who had not undergone papillotomy were excluded. The main study parameters were interventional examination time, X-ray time and dose, and premedication dose (all given below as the median, range) and were investigated in addition to each patient's clinical outcome and complications. Subjective scores to assess each procedure were also provided by the physicians and endoscopy assistants who carried out the procedures. A statistical analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with 50 interventions were examined with the VS ERCP technique, and 24 patients with 47 interventions were examined using the conventional ERCP technique. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the age, sex, indications, degree of ERCP difficulty, or interventions performed. The main study parameters in the VS group showed a nonsignificant trend towards a shorter interventional examination time (29 min, 5-50 min vs 31 min, 7-90 min, P = 0.28), shorter X-ray time (5.8 min, 0.6-14.1 min vs 6.1 min, 1.6-18.8 min, P = 0.48), and lower X-ray dose (1351 cGy/m2 , 159-5039 cGy/m2 vs 1296 cGy/m2 , 202.2-6421 cGy/m 2 , P = 0.34). A nonsignificant trend towards fewer adverse events occurred in the VS group as compared with the conventional ERCP group (cholangitis: 12% vs 16%, P = 0.12; pain: 4% vs 12.5%, P = 0.33; post-ERCP pancreatitis: 4% vs 12.5%, P = 0.14). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in assessment by the physicians and endoscopy assistants using subjective questionnaires.CONCLUSION: ERCP using the short-guidewire V-system did not significantly improve ERCP performance or patient outcomes, but it may reduce and simplify the ERCP procedure in difficult settings. | Martin Raithel Andreas Ngel Jürgen Maiss Dane Wildner Alexander Fritzkarl Hagel Sandra Braun Hiwot Diebel Eckhart Georg Hahn | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Malaria epidemiology and interventions in Ethiopia from 2001 to 2016显示文摘Background:Ethiopia is one of the African countries where Plasmodium falciparum and P.vivax co-exist.Monitoring and evaluation of current malaria transmission status is an important component of malaria control as it is a measure of the success of ongoing interventions and guides the planning of future control and elimination efforts.Main text:We evaluated changes in malaria control policy in Ethiopia,and reviewed dynamics of country-wide confirmed and clinical malaria cases by Plasmodium species and reported deaths for all ages and less than five years from 2001 to 2016.Districts level annual parasite incidence was analysed to characterize the malaria transmission stratification as implemented by the Ministry of Health.We found that Ethiopia has experienced major changes from 2003 to 2005 and subsequent adjustment in malaria diagnosis,treatment and vector control policy.Malaria interventions have been intensified represented by the increased insecticide treated net(ITN)and indoor residual spraying(IRS)coverage,improved health services and improved malaria diagnosis.However,countrywide ITN and IRS coverages were low,with 64%ITN coverage in 2016 and IRS coverage of 92.5%in 2016 and only implemented in epidemic-prone areas of>2500 m elevation.Clinical malaria incidence rate dropped from an average of 43.1 cases per 1000 population annually between 2001 and 2010 to 29.0 cases per 1000 population annually between 2011 and 2016.Malaria deaths decreased from 2.1 deaths per 100000 people annually between 2001 and 2010 to 1.1 deaths per 100000 people annually between 2011 to 2016.There was shrinkage in the malaria transmission map and high transmission is limited mainly to the western international border area.Proportion of P.falciparum malaria remained nearly unchanged from 2000 to 2016 indicating further efforts are needed to suppress transmission.Conclusions:Malaria morbidity and mortality have been significantly reduced in Ethiopia since 2001,however,malaria case incidence is still high,and there were major gaps between ITN ownership and compliance in malarious areas.Additional efforts are needed to target the high transmission area of western Ethiopia to sustain the achievements made to date. | Hiwot S Taffese Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder Cristian Koepfli Gezahegn Tesfaye Ming-chieh Lee James Kazura Gui-Yun Yan Guo-Fa Zhou | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 0 |
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