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| 1 | Transplantation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Ameliorates the Autoimmune Pathogenesis in MRL/lpr Mice显示文摘Recent evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess immunosuppressive properties both in vitro and in vivo. We previously demonstrated the functional abnormality of bone marrow derived MSC in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether transplantation of human bone marrow derived MSC affects the autoimmune pathogenesis in MRL/lpr mice. We found that human MSC from healthy donors reduced the proliferation of T lymphocytes from MRL/lpr mice in a dose-dependent fashion. Two weeks after in vivo transfer of MSC, we detected significantly reduced serum levels of anti ds-DNA antibodies and 24 hour proteinuria in MRL/lpr mice as compared with control groups without MSC transplantation. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis revealed markedly reduced number of CD4+ T cells while increased Th1 subpopulation in MSC group and MSC + CTX group when compared with controls. Histopathological examination showed significantly reduced renal pathology in MSC-treated mice. Immunohistochemical studies further revealed reduced expression of TGF-β, FN, VEGF and the deposition of complement C3 in renal tissue after MSC and MSC + CTX treatment. Taken together, we have demonstrated that transplantation of human MSC can significantly inhibit the autoimmune progression in MRL/lpr mice. | Kangxing Zhou Huayong Zhang Ouyang Jin Xuebing Feng Genhong Yao Yayi Hou Lingyun Sun | 2008 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2008，5，6： | 59 |
| 2 | Modeling and Simulation on Axial Piston Pump Based on Virtual Prototype Technology显示文摘A particular emphasis is placed on the virtual prototype technology(VPT) of axial piston pump.With this technology it is convenient and flexible to build a complicated 3D virtual based on real physical model.The actual kinematics pairs of the parts were added on the model.The fluid characters were calculated by hydraulic software.The shape of the parts, the flexible body of parts, etc were improved in this prototype.So the virtual prototype of piston pump can work in computer like a real piston pump, and the flow ripple, pressure pulsation, motion principle, stress of parts, etc can be investigated.The development of the VPT is introduced at the beginning, and the modeling process of the virtual prototype is explained.Then a special emphasis is laid on the relationship between the dynamics model and the hydraulic model, and the simulations on the flow ripple, pressure pulsation, motion principle, the stress and strain distribution of the middle shaft and piston are operated.Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the VPT are discussed.The improved virtual prototype of piston pump more tally with the real situation and the VPT has a great potential in simulation on hydraulic components. | ZHANG Bin XU Bing XIA Chunlin YANG Huayong | 2009 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2009，22，1： | 29 |
| 3 | Investigation on structural optimization of anti-overturning slipper of axial piston pump显示文摘Improving the carrying ability of oil film between slipper and swash plate and reducing the partial abrasion of slipper are important to improve the service life and reliability of axial piston pump.In this paper,a numerical simulation model was developed for slipper/swash-plate friction pair based on the elastohydrodynamic theory.The dynamic micro-motion and pressure distribution of slipper were analyzed and it was pointed out that the tilt of slipper was the main reason for its partial abrasion.The simulations about the slippers with different slopes on the outer edge of the sealing belt showed that the partial abrasion could reduce the carrying ability and increase the leakage of the slipper/swash-plate pair.The proper slope on the inner edge helped to improve the carrying ability and reduce the leakage of slipper.The experimental tests were in accord with the simulation results to a great extent,showing that the simulation model had a high accuracy and could be applied to the design and optimization of slipper,and that the slipper with optimal inner slope provided an encouraging method to improve the efficiency and reliability of axial piston pump. | XU Bing ZHANG JunHui YANG HuaYong | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，11： | 30 |
| 4 | Investigation on the Radial Micro-motion about Piston of Axial Piston Pump显示文摘The limit working parameters and service life of axial piston pump are determined by the carrying ability and lubrication characteristic of its key friction pairs. Therefore, the design and optimization of the key friction pairs are always a key and difficult problem in the research on axial piston pump. In the traditional research on piston/cylinder pair, the assembly relationship of piston and cylinder bore is simplified into ideal cylindrical pair, which can not be used to analyze the influences of radial micro-motion of piston on the distribution characteristics of oil-film thickness and pressure in details. In this paper, based on the lubrication theory of the oil film, a numerical simulation model is built, taking the influences of roughness, elastic deformation of piston and pressure-viscosity effect into consideration. With the simulation model, the dynamic characteristics of the radial micro-motion and pressure distribution are analyzed, and the relationships between radial micro-motion and carrying ability, lubrication condition, and abrasion are discussed. Furthermore, a model pump for pressure distribution measurement of oil film between piston and cylinder bore is designed. The comparison of simulation and experimental results of pressure distribution shows that the simulation model has high accuracy. The experiment and simulation results demonstrate that the pressure distribution has peak values that are much higher than the boundary pressure in the piston chamber due to the radial micro-motion, and the abrasion of piston takes place mainly on the hand close to piston ball. In addition, improvement of manufacturing roundness and straightness of piston and cylinder bore is helpful to improve the carrying ability of piston/cylinder pair. The proposed research provides references for designing piston/cylinder pair, and helps to prolong the service life of axial piston pump. | XU Bing ZHANG Junhui YANG Huayong ZHANG Bin | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2013，26，2： | 26 |
| 5 | Flow Ripple of Axial Piston Pump with Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation Using Compressible Hydraulic Oil显示文摘The flow ripple, which is the source of noise in an axial piston pump, is widely studied today with the computational fluid dynamic(CFD) technology development. In the traditional CFD modeling, the fluid compressibility, which strongly influences the accuracy of the flow ripple simulation results, is often neglected. So a compressible sub-model was added with user defined function(UDF) in the CFD model to predict the flow ripple. At the same time, a test rig of flow ripple was built to study the validity of simulation. The flow ripple of pump was tested with different working parameters, including the rotation speed and the working pressure. The comparisons with experimental results show that the validity of the CFD model with compressible hydraulic oil is acceptable in analyzing the flow ripple characteristics. In this paper, the improved CFD model increases the accuracy of flow ripple rate to about one-magnitude order. Therefore, the compressible model of hydraulic oil is necessary in the flow ripple investigation of CFD simulation. The compressibility of hydraulic oil has significant effect on flow ripple, and the compression ripple takes about 88% of the total flow ripple of pump. Leakage ripple has the lowest proportion of about 4%, and geometrical ripple leakage ripple takes the remnant 8%. Besides, the influence of working parameters was investigated through the CFD simulations and experimental measurements. Comparison results show that the amplitude of flow ripple grows with the increasing of rotation speed and working pressure, and the flow ripple rate is independent of the rotation speed. However, flow ripple rate of piston pump grows with the increasing of working pressure, because the leakage ripple will increase with the pressure growing. The investigation on flow ripple of an axial piston pump using compressible hydraulic oil provides a more validity simulation model for the CFD analyzing and is beneficial to further understanding of the flow ripple characteristics in an axial piston pump. | MA Ji'en XU Bing ZHANG Bin YANG Huayong | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2010，23，1： | 21 |
| 6 | A Pilot Study of the Therapeutic Efficacy and Mechanism of Artesunate in the MRL/lpr Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus显示文摘Recent evidence indicates that artesunate has immunomodulatory properties that might be useful for treating autoimmune disease.In this study,we conducted a pilot study and explored the effect and mechanism of artesunate on the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus using an MRL/lpr murine model.MRL/lpr mice were divided into control,cyclophosphamide(CTX)and artesunate treatment groups.Blood was collected to measure serum levels of creatinine,antinuclear antibody(ANA)and anti-double-stranded DNA(anti-dsDNA)antibody.Twenty-four-hour urine was collected to measure levels of proteinuria.The concentration of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)in serum and urine was measured.The expression of MCP-1 in kidney was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry assay,respectively.The expression of B cell activating factor(BAFF)in spleen was determined by real time-PCR and immunoblotting.We found that artesunate significantly increased the survival rate,body weight and blood leukocyte counts,and reduced the serum levels of ANA and anti-dsDNA antibody titer,24 h urinary protein,and serum creatinine.Our results indicated that artesunate could decrease MCP-1,major pro-inflammation cytokine,in serum,urine and kidney.We also found that the level of BAFF,the major B cell activation factor,was decreased in artesunate treated MRL/lpr mice.Its efficacy was comparable with that of CTX in this study.Taken together,we have demonstrated that artesunate can inhibit the progression of disease and reverse the pathologic lesion of lupus nephritis. | Ouyang Jin Huayong Zhang Zhifeng Gu Shengnan Zhao Ting Xu Kangxing Zhou Bo Jiang Jie Wang Xiaofeng Zeng Lingyun Sun | 2009 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2009，6，6： | 20 |
| 7 | 新疆望峰金矿成矿流体研究及其成因意义显示文摘新疆望峰金矿,产于中天山结晶基底中的韧性剪切带内。围岩蚀变和流体包裹体研究表明,成矿过程包括了3个阶段,从早到晚有石英黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段和石英碳酸盐阶段,温度分别集中在360~520℃、240~360℃和120~240℃;矿化以第Ⅱ阶段为主。成矿流体的δ18O值变化于1.15‰~2.70‰之间,属于变质热液与大气降水热液的混合流体。包裹体成分表明成矿流体来源较浅,但有利于金矿化;CO2/H2O比值多大于0.026,也有利于成矿。而包裹体捕获压力表明成矿作用发生在5.6~1.2km深度范围,主要发生在1.9km左右;矿化过程与地壳抬升伸展的过程一致,自然亦与碰撞造山体制的矿化规律一致。因此,古生代末期的碰撞造山作用导致了望峰金矿的形成,冰达坂断裂两侧是寻找望峰式金矿的有利地带。石英红外光谱分析表明,CO2光密度(D2)及其与H2O光密度(D1)的比值(D2/D1)普遍较高,指示矿化较强;D2>0.55和D2/D10.26是该区富金样品的标志。 | Chen Yanjing 1) Li Xin 1) Jing Jun 2) Gao Xiuli 1) Chen Huayong 1) Wu Xidan 2) Wu Dehua 2) ( 1) Department of Geology, Peking University 2)Team 15 of Gold Headquarters, MMIC, Urumqi ) | 1998 | 地球学报(中国地质科学院院报)1998，19，2： | 18 |
| 8 | Earth pressure balance control for EPB shield显示文摘This paper mainly deals with the critical technology of earth pressure balance (EPB) control in shield tunneling. On the assumption that the conditioned soil in the working chamber of the shield is plasticized, a theoretical principle for EPB control is proposed. Dynamic equilibrium of intake volume and discharge volume generated by thrust and discharge is modeled theoretically to simulate the earth pressure variation during excavating. The thrust system and the screw conveyor system for earth pressure control are developed based on the electro-hydraulic technique. The control models of the thrust speed regulation of the cylinders and the rotating speed adjustment of the screw conveyor are also presented. Simulation for earth pressure control is conducted with software AMESim and MATLAB/Simulink to verify the models. Experiments are carried out with intake control in clay soil and discharge control in sandy gravel section, respectively. The experimental results show that the earth pressure variations in the working chamber can be kept at the expected value with a practically acceptable precision by means of real-time tuning the thrust speed or the revolving speed of discharge system. | YANG HuaYong SHI Hu GONG GuoFang HU GuoLiang | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，10： | 17 |
| 9 | Pre-Compression Volume on Flow Ripple Reduction of a Piston Pump显示文摘Axial piston pump with pre-compression volume(PCV)has lower flow ripple in large scale of operating condition than the traditional one.However,there is lack of precise simulation model of the axial piston pump with PCV,so the parameters of PCV are difficult to be determined.A finite element simulation model for piston pump with PCV is built by considering the piston movement,the fluid characteristic(including fluid compressibility and viscosity)and the leakage flow rate.Then a test of the pump flow ripple called the secondary source method is implemented to validate the simulation model.Thirdly,by comparing results among the simulation results,test results and results from other publications at the same operating condition,the simulation model is validated and used in optimizing the axial piston pump with PCV.According to the pump flow ripples obtained by the simulation model with different PCV parameters,the flow ripple is the smallest when the PCV angle is 13°,the PCV volume is 1.3′10–4m3at such operating condition that the pump suction pressure is 2 MPa,the pump delivery pressure 15 MPa,the pump speed 1 000 r/min,the swash plate angle 13°.At the same time,the flow ripple can be reduced when the pump suction pressure is 2 MPa,the pump delivery pressure is 5 MPa,15 MPa,22MPa,pump speed is 400 r/min,1 000 r/min,1 500 r/min,the swash plate angle is 11°,13°,15°and 17°,respectively.The finite element simulation model proposed provides a method for optimizing the PCV structure and guiding for designing a quieter axial piston pump. | XU Bing SONG Yuechao YANG Huayong | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2013，26，6： | 15 |
| 10 | Progress and records in the study of endogenetic mineralization during collisional orogenesis显示文摘To develop and perfect the theory of plate tectonics and regional metallogeny, metal-logenesis during collisional orogenesis should be thoroughly studied and will attract increasing at-tention of more and more scientists. This paper presents the main aspects of research and discus-sions on metallogenesis during collisional orogenesis after the development of plate tectonics, and accordingly divides the study history into two stages, i.e. the junior stage during 1971-1990 and the senior stage after 1990. Beginning with the negation of mineralization in the collision regime by Guild (1971), the focus of study was put on whether there occurred any mineralization during collisional orogenesis at the junior stage. At the senior stage, which is initiated by the advance of met-allogenic and petrogenic model for collisional orogenesis, scientists begin to pay their attention to the geodynamic mechanism of metallogenesis, spatial and temporal distribution of ore deposits, ore-forming fluidization, relationship | Yanjing Chen Huayong Chen Yulin Liu Guangjun Guo Yong Lai Shan Qin Baoling Huang Zengjie Zheng Yinghui Sui Chao Li et al. | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，1： | 13 |
| 11 | 3D bioprinting: an emerging technology full of opportunities and challenges显示文摘 | Bin Zhang Yichen Luo Liang Ma Lei Gao Yuting Li Qian Xue Huayong Yang Zhanfeng Cui | 2018 | Bio-Design and Manufacturing2018，1，1： | 13 |
| 12 | Adsorption of mixed cationic-nonionic surfactant and its effect on bentonite structure显示文摘The adsorption of cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant onto bentonite and its effect on bentonite structure were investigated.The objective was to improve the understanding of surfactant behavior on clay mineral for its possible use in remediation technologies of soil and groundwater contaminated by toxic organic compounds.The cationic surfactant used was hexadecylpyridinium bromide(HDPB),and the nonionic surfactant was Triton X-100(TX100).Adsorption of TX100 was enhanced significantly by the addition of HDPB,but this enhancement decreased with an increase in the fraction of the cationic surfactant.Part of HDPB was replaced by TX100 which decreased the adsorption of HDPB.However,the total adsorbed amount of the mixed surfactant was still increased substantially,indicating the synergistic effect between the cationic and nonionic surfactants.The surfactant-modified bentonite was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area measurement,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses.Surfactant intercalation was found to decrease the bentonite specific surface area,pore volume,and surface roughness and irregularities,as calculated by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms.The co-adsorption of the cationic and nonionic surfactants increased the ordering conformation of the adsorbed surfactants on bentonite,but decreased the thermal stability of the organobentonite system. | Yaxin Zhang Yan Zhao Yong Zhu Huayong Wu Hongtao Wang Wenjing Lu | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，8： | 12 |
| 13 | Intra-continental back-arc basin inversion and Late Carboniferous magmatism in Eastern Tianshan,NW China:Constraints from the Shaquanzi magmatic suite显示文摘The Yamansu belt,an important tectonic component of Eastern Tianshan Mountains,of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NW China hosts many Fe-(Cu)deposit.In this study,we present new zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical data of the volcanic rocks of Shaquanzi Formation and diorite intrusions in the Yamansu belt.The Shaquanzi Formation comprises mainly basalt,andesite/andesitic tuff,rhyolite and sub-volcanic diabase with local diorite intrusions.The volcanic rocks and diorites contain ca.315-305 Ma and ca.298 Ma zircons respectively.These rocks show calc-alkaline affinity with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),light rare-earth elements(LREEs),and depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs)in primitive mantle normalized multi-element diagrams,which resemble typical back-arc basin rocks.They show depleted mantle signature with ε_(Nd)(t)ranging from+3.1 to +5.6 for basalt;+2.1 to+4.7 for andesite;-0.2 to+1.5 for rhyolite and the ε_(Hf)(t)ranges from-0.1 to +13.0 for andesites;+5.8 to +10.7 for andesitic tuffs.We suggest that the Shaquanzi Formation basalt might have originated from a depleted,metasomatized lithospheric mantle source mixed with minor(3-5%)subduction-derived materials,whereas the andesite and rhyolite could be fractional crystallization products of the basaltic magma.The Shaquanzi Formation volcanic rocks could have formed in an intracontinental back-arc basin setting,probably via the southward subduction of the Kangguer Ocean beneath the Middle Tianshan Massif.The Yamansu mineralization belt might have undergone a continental arc to back-arc basin transition during the Late Carboniferous and the intra-continental back-arc basin might have closed in the Early Permian,marked by the emplacement of dioritic magma in the Shaquanzi belt. | Hongjun Jiang Jinsheng Han Huayong Chen Yi Zheng Wanjian Lu Gang Deng Zhixiong Tan | 2017 | Geoscience Frontiers2017，8，6： | 11 |
| 14 | Simulation of the piezoelectric high-speed on/off valve显示文摘The development trend and unsolved problems of the high-speed valve are given briefly, and the excellent characteristics and some key technologies of the piezoelectric high-speed on/off valve are introduced. An innovative high-speed on/off valve based on piezoelectric actuators is outlined, where the performance of the high frequency and high instant force is employed to kick off the poppet. The micro displacement amplification and temperature dependence of the piezoelectric actuator are solved. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the piezoelectric high-speed on/off valve is built and related simulation results are discussed. The simulation results show that the piezoelectric high-speed on/off valve can be switched by piezoelectric actuators, and the maximal flowrate of 11 L/min, pressure of 20 MPa and frequency of 200 Hz can be gained. | OUYANG XiaoPing YANG HuaYong JIANG HaoYi XU Bing | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，17： | 11 |
| 15 | Hydraulic operating mechanisms for high voltage circuit breakers: Progress evolution and future trends显示文摘High voltage circuit breakers are the most important protection and control apparatus in power system. As a core part of circuit breakers,the operating mechanisms have a trend to be hydraulic-style in high voltage power grid. Compared with other hydraulic systems,the hydraulic operating mechanisms have the characteristics of high hydraulic pressure,high speed,high power and long-term waiting etc.,and it is because of the characteristics that the hydraulic operating mechanisms become difficult to be developed and have been arousing significant study interest from more and more researchers as well as their promising applications. Therefore,it is significant to summarize the hydraulic operating mechanisms on their development,characteristics,and key technologies etc. In this review,the evolution process and recent studies of hydraulic operating mechanisms at home and abroad are viewed. The review then focuses on the characteristics and key technologies of hydraulic operating mechanisms,especially on time and velocity characteristics,high-speed cylinder cushioning,fast response and great flow rate control valve,temperature compensation,system monitoring and fault diagnosis,intelligent operation,energy storage module,etc. In the end,the future trends of this field are presented. | LIU Wei XU Bing YANG HuaYong ZHAO HongFei WU JunHui | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，1： | 10 |
| 16 | Developing Hybrid cell-edge and cell-node Dissipative Compact Scheme for Complex Geometry Flows显示文摘Developing high resolution finite difference scheme and enabling the use of this scheme on complex geometry are the aims of this study.High resolution has been achieved by Dissipative Compact Schemes(DCS),however,according to the recent research,applications of DCS on complex geometry may have serious problem for that the Geometric Conservation Law(GCL)is not satisfied,and this may cause numerical instability.To cope with this problem,a new scheme named Hybrid cell-edge and cell-node Dissipative Compact Scheme(HDCS)has been formulated.The formulation of the HDCS contains two steps.First,a new central compact scheme is formulated for the purpose of conveniently fulfilling the GCL,and then dissipation is added on the central scheme by high-order dissipative interpolation of cell-edge variables.The solutions of Euler and Navier-Stokes equations show that the HDCS can be applied successfully on complex geometry,while the DCS may suffer numerical instabilities.Moreover,high resolution of the HDCS may be observed in the test of scattering of acoustic waves by multiple cylinders. | DENG XiaoGang JIANG Yi MAO MeiLiang LIU HuaYong TU GuoHua | 2013 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2013，56，10： | 10 |
| 17 | Dynamic mechanical characteristics and application of constant resistance energy-absorbing supporting material显示文摘In deep underground engineering,rock burst and other dynamic disasters are prone to occur due to stress concentration and energy accumulation in surrounding rock.The control of dynamic disasters requires bolts and cables with high strength,high elongation,and high energy-absorbing capacity.Therefore,a constant resistance energy-absorbing(CREA)material is developed.In this study,the dynamic characteristics of the new material are obtained via the drop hammer tests and the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)tests of the new material and two common bolt(CB)materials widely used in the field.The test results of drop hammer test and SHPB test show that the percentage elongation of CREA material is more than 2.64 and 3.22 times those of the CB material,and the total impact energy acting on CREA material is more than 18.50 and 21.84 times,respectively,indicating that the new material has high elongation and high energy-absorbing capacity.Subsequently,the CREA bolts and cables using the new material are developed,which are applied in roadways with high stress and strong dynamic disturbance.The field monitoring results show that CREA bolts and cables can effectively control the surrounding rock deformation and ensure engineering safety. | Qi Wang Shuo Xu Manchao He Bei Jiang Huayong Wei Yue Wang | 2022 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2022，32，3： | 9 |
| 18 | Compliance of hydraulic system and its applications in thrust system design of shield tunneling machine显示文摘As the most significant performance, compliance of hydraulic system is defined as the capacity to accommodate the sudden change of the external load. Due to the different requirements of the compliant tasks, the existing method for mechanical systems cannot be used in the analysis and design of the hydraulic system. In this paper, the definition and expression of compliance of hydraulic system are proposed to evaluate the compliance of the hydraulic system operating under sudden change load. Because the unexpected geological conditions during excavation may exert sudden change load to the shield tunneling machine, the compliance theory has found a right application in the thrust hydraulic system. By analyzing the basic operating principle and the commonly used architectures of the thrust hydraulic system, a compliance based thrust hydraulic system design method is presented. Moreover, a tunneling case is investigated in the paper as an example to expound the validation of design procedure. In conclusion, the compliance of the hydraulic system can be served as an evaluation of the capability in conforming to the load impact, giving supports for the design of the thrust hydraulic system of shield tunneling machines. | SHI Hu GONG GuoFang YANG HuaYong MEI XueSong | 2013 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2013，56，9： | 9 |
| 19 | CD4^(+)CD25^(+)but not CD4^(+)Foxp3^(+) T cells as a regulatory subset in primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Increasing evidence indicates a role for regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the immune response and in autoimmune diseases,but the role of Tregs and cytokines in autoimmune hepatic diseases remains largely unclear and controversial,especially in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).This study was undertaken to investigate Tregs and different cytokines in the liver and peripheral blood of PBC patients.We found that these patients demonstrated a reduction of CD4^(+)CD25^(+) T cells but elevated CD4^(+)Foxp3^(+) T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and CD41 T cells.The percentage of CD4^(+)CD25^(+) T cells in PBMCs was negatively correlated with elevated plasma interferon(IFN)-c levels.A liver-specific analysis showed that the frequency of Foxp31 Tregs,transforming growth factor(TGF)-b1 and IFN-c were increased in PBC patients.Our findings suggest that an imbalance between CD4^(+)CD25^(+) Tregs and cytotoxic cytokines plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PBC while the role of Foxp3 needs further investigation. | Dandan Wang Huayong Zhang Jun Liang Zhifeng Gu Qiang Zhou Xiangshan Fan Yayi Hou Lingyun Sun | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，6： | 9 |
| 20 | A preliminary study of the failure mechanisms of cascading landslide dams显示文摘Landslide dams commonly form when mass earth or rock movements reach a river channel and cause a complete or partial blockage of the channel.Intense rainfalls can induce upstream flows along a sloping channel that significantly affect downstream landslide dams.If a series of landslide dams are collapsed by incoming mountain torrents(induced by intense rainfall),large debris flows can form in a very short period.Furthermore,the failure of these dams can amplify the magnitude and scale of debris flows in the flow direction.The catastrophic debris flows that occurred in Zhouqu County,China on 8 August 2010 were caused by intense rainfall and the upstream cascading failure of landslide dams along the gullies.Incorporating the role of outburst floods associated with the complete or partial failure of landslide dams is an interesting problem usually beyond the scope of analysis because of the inherent modeling complexity.To understand the cascading failure modes of a series of landslide dams,and the dynamic effect these failures have on the enlargement of debris flow scales,experimental tests are conducted in sloping channels mimicking field conditions,with the modeled landslide dams distributed along a sloping channel and crushed by different upstream flows.The failure modes of three different cascades of landslide dams fully or partially blocking a channel river are parametrically studied.This study illustrates that upstream flows can induce a cascading failure of the landslide dams along a channel.Overtopping is the primary failure mechanism,while piping and erosion can also induce failures for different constructed landslide dams.A cascading failure of landslide dams causes a gradually increasing flow velocity and discharge of the front flow,resulting in an increase in both diameter and percentage of the entrained coarse particles.Furthermore,large landslide blockages can act to enhance the efficiency of river incision,or conversely to induce aggradation of fluvial sediments,depending on the blockage factor of the landslide dams and upstream discharge. | Gordon G.D Peng Cui Xinghua Zhu Jinbo Tang Huayong Chen Qicheng Sun | 2015 | International Journal of Sediment Research2015，30，3： | 8 |
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