| 1 | Middle and Late Permian palynoflora in Tianshan Township,southeast of Bogda Mountain,Xinjiang,China显示文摘The Permian is one of the most important periods during which the vegetative earth witnessed the transition from icehouse to greenhouse climate and the global environment changes.Organisms on the planet encountered great challenge and the demise of swamp caused the extinction of arborescent lycopods and the rising of Mesophytic plants accomplished the floral transition from the Paleophytic to Mesophytic vegetation.In order to depict the climatic changes and floral succession in the middle and high latitudes of the North Hemisphere,palynological investigation was engaged,and 40 samples collected from the uppermost of Taerlang Formation,Hongyanchi Formation and Quanzijie Formation in the Tianshan Town,Turpan-Hami Basin,eastern Xinjiang,China.The result shows that the palynoflora in the studied area is composed of 50 species of 33 genera,dominated by disaccites and striatiti gymnosperm pollen,and characterized by diverse Protohaploxypinus,Hamia-pollenites,Alisporites and Klausipollenites.It is quite similar to those Middle and Late Permian palynological assemblages reported in the Dalongkou section and other localities in southern margin of Junggar Basin,and aged at Middle and Late Permian.The diversity of typical Angara and sub-Angara pollen,such as Falcisporites,Alisporites,Protohaploxypinus,Vittatina,Lunatisporites,Hamiapollenites,etc.indicates that the studied palynoflora belonged to the sub-Angara phytoprovince,while the presence of Lueckisporites virkkiae implied Euramerica pollen intruded northward sometimes.The paleoclimate of the studied area might be warm and humid with fluctuated dry seasons during the late Guadalupian and early Lopingian time. | Muhammad I.Asghar ZHANG Shuqin ZHANG Minda SHI Xiao SUN Yuewu | 2021 | Global Geology2021，24，4： | 1 |
| 2 | Research and development of the back-end electronics for the two-dimensional improved resistive plate chambers in CMS upgrade显示文摘Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal layer strips with one-end electronics or single layer strips with two-end electronics providing more precise time measurement will be installed in the very forward pseudorapidity region of|η|<2.4.The iRPC readout system needs to support twodimensional(2D)or two-end readout.In addition,it must combine detector data with Timing,Trigger and fast Control(TTC)and Slow Control(SC)into one data stream over a bi-directional optical link with a line rate of 4.8 Gb/s between the Front-End Electronics(FEE)and the Back-End Electronics(BEE).To fulfill these requirements,a prototype BEE for the iRPC 2D chamber has been researched and designed.Methods A Micro-Telecommunication and Computing Architecture(μTCA)-based processing card was designed in this study to establish a prototype system together with aμTCA crate.The Giga-Bit Transceiver(GBT)protocol is integrated to provide bi-directional communication between the FEE and BEE.A server is connected with the BEE by a Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)link for SC and a 10-GbE link for Data AcQuisition(DAQ).Results The Bit Error Rate(BER)test of the back-end board and a joint test with the iRPC 2D prototype chamber were performed.ABERof less than 1.331×10−16 was obtained.The timemeasurement with a resolution of 3.05 nswas successfully realized,and detector efficiencies of 97.7%for longitudinal strips and 96.0%for orthogonal strips were measured.Test results demonstrate the correctness and reliability of the prototype BEE.Conclusion The BEE prototype satisfies the requirements for the iRPC 2D chamber,and it worked stably and reliably during a long-term joint test run. | P.Cao Z-A.Liu J.Zhao H.Kou J.Tao J.Song W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat N.Zaganidis G.A.Alves F.Marujo F.Torres.Da.S.ilva.De.Araujo E.M.Da Costa D.De Jesus Damiao H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov M.Bonchev A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov S.J.Qian C.Bernal A.Cabrera J.Fraga A.Sarkar S.Elsayed Y.Assran M.El Sawy M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed X.Chen C.Combaret M.Gouzevitch G.Grenier I.Laktineh L.Mirabito K.Shchablo I.Bagaturia D.Lomidze I.Lomidze V.Bhatnagar R.Gupta P.Kumari J.Singh V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi R.Ghasemi M.Mohammadi Najafabadi E.Zareian M.Abbrescia R.Aly W.Elmetenawee N.De Filippis A.Gelmi G.Iaselli S.Leszki F.Loddo I.Margjeka G.Pugliese D.Ramos L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Buontempo A.Di Crescenzo F.Fienga G.De Lellis L.Lista S.Meola P.Paolucci A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo B.Francois T.J.Kim J.Park S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee J.Goh H.Lee J.Eysermans C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez A.Sanchez-Hernandez C.A.Mondragon Herrera D.A.Perez Navarro G.A.Ayala Sanchez S.Carrillo E.Vazquez A.Radi A.Ahmad I.Asghar H.Hoorani S.Muhammad M.A.Shah I.Crotty | 2021 | Radiation Detection Technology and Methods2021，5，2： | 0 |
| 3 | R&D of back-end electronics for improved resistive plate chambers for the phase 2 upgrade of the CMS end-capmuon system显示文摘Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstruction very challenging.To enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS upgrade.The iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the strip.New Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control information.The clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the downlink.The uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sfired strips and the responses to the fast/slow control commands.To have a pipelined detector data for clusterfinding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from FEE.Then at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringfired strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate TPs.Both incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ system.Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the server.Results The joint test results of the BEB with iRPC and Front-End Board(FEB)show a Bit Error Rate of the transmission links less than 1×10-16,a time resolution of the FEB Time-to-Digital Converter of 16 ps,and the resolution of the time difference between both ends of 160 ps which corresponding a spatial resolution of the iRPC of approximately 1.5 cm.Conclusion Test results showed the correctness and stable running of the BEB prototype,of which the functionalities fulfill the iRPC requirements. | H.Kou Z.-A.Liu J.Zhao J.Song Q.Hou W.Diao P.Cao W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat M.El Sawy G.A.Alves F.Marujo E.A.Coelho F.Torres Da Silva De Araujo E.M.Da Costa H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza D.De Jesus Damiao M.Thiel M.Barroso Ferreira Filho K.Mota Amarilo A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov E.Shumka S.J.Qian C.Avila D.Barbosa A.Cabrera A.Florez J.Fraga J.Reyes Y.Assran M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed I.Laktineh G.Grenier M.Gouzevitch L.Mirabito K.Shchablo C.Combaret W.Tromeur G.Galbit A.Luciol X.Chen I.Bagaturia I.Lomidze Z.Tsamalaidze V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi E.Zareian M.Mohammadi Najafabadi M.Abbrescia G.Iaselli G.Pugliese F.Loddo N.De Filippis R.Aly D.Ramos W.Elmetenawee S.Leszki I.Margjeka D.Paesani L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Meola S.Buontempo F.Carnevali L.Lista P.Paolucci F.Fienga A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo E.Asilar J.Choi T.J.Kim S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee H.Y.Oh J.Goh I.Yu C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez R.L.Fernandez A.Sanchez-Hernandez E.Vazquez M.Ramirez-Garcia N.Zaganidis A.Radi H.Hoorani S.Muhammad A.Ahmad I.Asghar M.A.Shah W.A.Khan J.Eysermans I.Crotty on behalf of the CMS Muon Group | 2022 | Radiation Detection Technology and Methods2022，6，3： | 0 |
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