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| 1 | No association between cyclooxygenase-2 and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 genetic polymorphisms and colon cancer risk显示文摘AIM:To investigate the association of variations in the cyclooxygenase-2(COX2) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A6(UGT1A6) genes and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) use with risk of colon cancer.METHODS:NSAIDs,which are known to reduce the risk of colon cancer,act directly on COX2 and reduce its activity.Epidemiological studies have associated variations in the COX2 gene with colon cancer risk,but others were unable to replicate this finding.Similarly,enzymes in the UGT1A6 gene have been demonstrated to modify the therapeutic effect of NSAIDs on colon adenomas.Polymorphisms in the UGT1A6 gene have been statistically shown to interact with NSAID intake to influence risk of developing colon adenomas,but not colon cancer.Here we examined the association of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the COX2 and UGT1A6 genes,and their interaction with NSAID consumption,on risk of colon cancer in a population of 422 colon cancer cases and 481 population controls.RESULTS:No SNP in either gene was individually statistically significantly associated with colon cancer,nor did they statistically significantly change the protective effect of NSAID consumption in our sample.Like others,we were unable to replicate the association of variants in the COX2 gene with colon cancer risk(P > 0.05),and we did not observe that these variants modify the protective effect of NSAIDs(P > 0.05).We were able to confirm the lack of association of variants in UGT1A6 with colon cancer risk,although further studies will have to be conducted to confirm the association of these variants with colon adenomas.CONCLUSION:Our study does not support a role of COX2 and UGT1A6 genetic variations in the development of colon cancer. | Cheryl L Thompson Sarah J Plummer Alona Merkulova Iona Cheng Thomas C Tucker Graham Casey Li Li | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，18： | 11 |
| 2 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 3 | Optimization and approximation in deterministic sequencing and scheduling:A survey显示文摘 | Graham R L Lawler E L Lenstra J K | 1979 | Annals of Discrete Mathematics1979，5，： | 2 |
| 4 | No association between phosphatase and tensin homolog genetic polymorphisms and colon cancer显示文摘AIM: To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene and risk of colon cancer. METHODS: We utilized a population-based casecontrol study of incident colon cancer individuals (n= 421) and controls (n = 483) aged ≥ 30 years to conduct a comprehensive tagSNP association analysis of the PTEN gene. RESULTS: None of the PTEN SNPs were statistically significantly associated with colon cancer when controlled for age, gender, and race, or when additionally adjusted for other known risk factors (P > 0.05). Haplotype analyses similarly showed no association between the PTEN gene and colon cancer. CONCLUSION: Our study does not support PTEN as a colon cancer susceptibility gene. | Lynette S Phillips Cheryl L Thompson Alona Merkulova Sarah J Plummer Thomas C Tucker Graham Case Li Li | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，30： | 2 |
| 5 | Reduced striatal volumes in Parkinson’s disease:a magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘Background:The presence and extent of structural changes in the brain as a consequence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is still poorly understood.Methods:High-resolution 3-tesla T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images in sixty-five PD and 27 age-matched healthy control participants were examined.Putamen,caudate,and intracranial volumes were manually traced in the axial plane of 3D reconstructed images.Striatal nuclei volumes were normalized to intracranial volume for statistical comparison.Disease status was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale.Cognitive status was assessed using global status tests and detailed neuropsychological testing.Results:Both caudate and putamen volumes were smaller in PD brains compared to controls after adjusting for age and gender.Caudate volumes were reduced by 11%(p=0.001)and putamen volumes by 8.1%(p=0.025).PD striatal volumes were not found to be significantly correlated with cognitive or motor decline.Conclusion:Small,but significant reductions in the volume of both the caudate and putamen occur in PD brains.These reductions are independent of the effects of age and gender,however the relation of these reductions to the functional loss of dopamine,which is characteristic of PD,remains unclear. | Toni L Pitcher Tracy R Melzer Michael R MacAskill Charlotte F Graham Leslie Livingston Ross J Keenan Richard Watts John C Dalrymple-Alford Tim J Anderson | 2012 | Translational Neurodegeneration2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 6 | A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA显示文摘 | van der Eb A J | 1973 | Virology1973，52，2： | 1 |
| 7 | On the theory of flashover development显示文摘 | Graham T L Makhviladze G Roberts J P | 1995 | Fire Safety Journal1995，25，： | 1 |
| 8 | Optimization and approximation in deterministic sequencing and scheduling: A survey显示文摘 | Graham R L Lawler E L Lenstra J K | 1979 | Annals of Discrete Mathematics1979，5，： | 1 |
| 9 | Congenital malformation of the ear and cochear implantation in children:Review and Temporal bone report of common cavity显示文摘 | GRAHAM J M PHELPS P D MICHAELS L | 2000 | J Laryngol Otol Suppl2000，25，： | 1 |
| 10 | Zebrafish in hematology:sushi or science? 显示文摘 | DUNCAN C GRAHAM J L | 2008 | Blood2008，111，： | 1 |
| 11 | O ptomization and approximation in deterministic machine scheduling:A survey显示文摘 | GRAHAM B L LAWLEB E L LENSTBA J K | 1979 | Annals of Discrete Mathematics1979，5，： | 1 |
| 12 | Yield states and stress-strain relationships in a natural plastic clay 显示文摘 | GRAHAM J NOONAN M L LEW K V | 1983 | Canadian Geoteehnical Journal1983，20，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Natural organic matter enhanced mobility of llano zerovalent iron 显示文摘 | Richard L J Graham O J James T N | 2009 | Environmental Science & Technology2009，43，14： | 1 |
| 14 | Stress proteins and tolerance to foemd cerebralisehemia显示文摘 | Chen J Graham S H Zhu R L el a1 | 1996 | J Cereb Blood Flow Metab1996，16，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Assessing climate change impacts on hydrology from an ensemble of regional eli- mate models,model scales and linking methods-a ease study on the Lule River basin 显示文摘 | Graham L P Andreasson J Carlsson B | 2007 | Climatic Change2007，81，： | 1 |
| 16 | A new familial disorder characterized by hypokalemia and hypomag- nesemia显示文摘 | Gitelman H J Graham J B Welt L G | 1966 | Trans Assoc Am Physicians1966，79，： | 1 |
| 17 | A new technique for the assay ofinfectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA 显示文摘 | Graham F L van der Eb A J | 1973 | Virology1973，52，2： | 1 |
| 18 | A new technique for the assay of infectivity o{ human adenovirus 5 DNA显示文摘 | GRAHAM F L van der EB A J | 1973 | Virology1973，52，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Compiler transformations for high-performance computing 显示文摘 | Bacon D F Graham S L Sharp O J | 1994 | ACM Computing Surveys1994，26，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Optimization and approximation in deterministic sequencing and scheduling: a survey显示文摘 | GRAHAM R L LAWLER E L LENSTRA J K | 1979 | Annals of Discrete Mathematics1979，，5： | 1 |
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