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| 1 | 知证卫生决策工具之一--什么是知证决策显示文摘本文讨论以下3个问题:①什么是证据?②研究证据在知证卫生决策中有何作用?③什么是知证决策?知证卫生决策是一种决策方法,旨在保证基于最佳可及的研究证据做出决策。知证决策的特点是将系统、透明地获取和评价证据的方法引入决策全过程。虽不要求制定政策的整个过程系统和透明,但在制定政策的全过程,采用系统的步骤可以确保合理地查找、评价和使用相关研究。过程透明化旨在确保他人可以检查什么样的研究证据被用于支持决策并评价证据及其意义。知证决策帮助政策制定者了解这些过程。 | Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 李媛媛 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,3: | 4 |
| 2 | Continuous internal counterpulsation as a bridge to recovery in acute and chronic heart failure显示文摘Cardiac recovery from cardiogenic shock(CS) and end-stage chronic heart failure(HF) remains anoften insurmountable therapeutic challenge. The counterpulsation technique exerts numerous beneficial effects on systemic hemodynamics and left ventricular mechanoenergetics, rendering it attractive for promoting myocardial recovery in both acute and chronic HF. Although a recent clinical trial has questioned the clinical effectiveness of short-term hemodynamic support with intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP, the main representative of the counterpulsation technique) in CS complicating myocardial infarction, the issue remains open to further investigation. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that long-term IABP support in patients with end-stage HF is safe and may mediate recovery of left- or/and right-sided cardiac function, facilitating long-term weaning from mechanical support or enabling the application of other permanent, life-saving solutions. The potential of long-term counterpulsation could possibly be enhanced by implementation of novel, fully implantable counterpulsation devices. | Christos D Kontogiannis Konstantinos Malliaras Chris J Kapelios Jay W Mason John N Nanas | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016,6,1: | 4 |
| 3 | ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non–st-segment elevation myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Eugene Braunwald Elliott M Antman John W Beasley Robert M Califf Melvin D Cheitlin Judith S Hochman Robert H Jones Dean Kereiakes Joel Kupersmith Thomas N Levin Carl J Pepine John W Schaeffer Earl E Smith David E Steward Pierre Theroux Raymond J Gibbons J | 2000 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2000,,3: | 4 |
| 4 | Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Paul Y Kwo Eric J Lawitz Jonathan McCone Eugene R Schiff John M Vierling David Pound Mitchell N Davis Joseph S Galati Stuart C Gordon Natarajan Ravendhran Lorenzo Rossaro Frank H Anderson Ira M Jacobson Raymond Rubin Kenneth Koury Lisa D Pedicone Clifford | 2010 | The Lancet2010,,9742: | 3 |
| 5 | A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Stephen S Lim Theo Vos Abraham D Flaxman Goodarz Danaei Kenji Shibuya Heather Adair-Rohani Mohammad A AlMazroa Markus Amann H Ross Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Martin Aryee Charles Atkinson Loraine J Bacchus Adil N Bahalim Kalpana Balakrishnan John Balmes S | 2012 | 2012 (9859)2012,,9859: | 3 |
| 6 | DNA polymerase zeta (pol ζ) in higher eukaryotes显示文摘 | Gregory N Gan John P Wittschieben Birgitte ф Wittschieben Richard D Wood | 2008 | Cell Research2008,18,1: | 2 |
| 7 | 知证卫生决策工具--导论显示文摘了解如何查找和使用研究证据可以帮助政策制定者及其决策支持者们更优质高效地工作。本系列的每篇文章各推荐一种方法,政策制定者及其决策支持者们可采用这些方法查找和使用证据进行知证卫生决策。本系列文章涉及四个宽泛领域:①支持知证决策;②确定政策制定三个阶段的证据需求,这三个阶段包括:明确问题、拟订方案和制订实施计划;③寻找并评价这三阶段所需证据,包括系统评价和其它类型证据;④根据研究证据进行决策。每篇文章都由1~3个与主题相关的案例情景引出,用于帮助读者在使用SUPPORT工具时判断自己所属的情况。本系列绝大部分文章都以结构化提出系列问题的方式,引导读者了解推荐工具,并展示如何采取措施更优质高效地支持知证决策。这些措施包括:利用研究证据明确问题;评价针对该问题所选系统评价中结果的适用性;组织和开展政策对话以支持知证决策;制定政策监测和评估计划。部分文章所提出的问题对如何支持知证决策提供了更通用的指导,每篇文章后面还附有其他相关信息资源。评估支持知证卫生决策方法是一个正在发展的领域,欢迎读者对怎样改进本系列文章提供反馈信息。 | John N Lavis Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 沈建通 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,3: | 2 |
| 8 | Critical evaluation of unscientific arguments disparaging affirmative infant male circumcision policy显示文摘We evaluate recent claims opposing infant male circumcision,a procedure now supported by the evidencebased policy of the American Academy of Pediatrics.We find those criticisms depend on speculative claims about the foreskin and obfuscation of the strong scientific evidence supporting pediatric policy development.An argument that circumcision should be delayed to allow a boy to make up his own mind as an adult fails to appreciate the psychological,scheduling and financial burdens later circumcision entails,so reducing the likelihood that it will occur.In contrast,early infant circumcision is convenient,safer,quicker,lower risk,healing is faster,cosmetic outcome is routinely good and the lifetime benefits accrue immediately.Benefits include reduction in urinary tract infections,inflammatory skin conditions,foreskin problems,and,when older,substantial protection against sexually transmitted infections and genital cancers in the male and his female sexual partners.Some authorities regard the failure to offer parents early infant circumcision as unethical,just as it would be unethical to fail to encourage the vaccination of children.In conclusion,the criticisms of evidence-based infant male circumcision policy are seriously flawed and should be dismissed as unhelpful to evidence-based development and implementation of pediatric policy intended to improve public health and individual wellbeing. | Brian J Morris John N Krieger Jeffrey D Klausner | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2016,5,3: | 2 |
| 9 | 知证卫生决策工具之三--设定优先顺序支持知证决策显示文摘决策者开展或支持知证决策与项目的资源有限。所需资源包括员工的工作时间、员工开展工作的基础设施(如电子图书馆的使用权限或购买期刊文章)和不断更新专业知识。决策者们也许更愿意将这样的工作承包给具备恰当技能和设施的独立机构,但决策者的资金有限。不管为知证决策提供的支持来自外部还是内部,是集中还是分散,资源都需要合理最大化利用。不恰当设定优先次序的例子包括:①采取逐个评价个案的方式支持知证决策制定时间进度表,而不是为每一个时间进度表提供明确规范的支持力度;②优先次序设定的标准含糊不清;尤其设定优先次序的过程不清楚或不系统不准确;③无交流和监测评价计划。本文提出用于指导在查找和使用研究证据支持知证决策的过程中如何设定优先次序的问题,包括:①设定优先次序的方法可否明确地为以不同方式解决最优先问题制定时间表?②该方法是否采用了设定优先次序的清晰标准?③该方法是否采用了设定优先次序的清晰流程?④该方法是否采用了交流策略和监测与评估计划? | John N Lavis Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 袁强 陈群飞 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,3: | 2 |
| 10 | 知证卫生决策工具之十一--查找和使用当地证据显示文摘当地证据是指来源于卫生政策或卫生项目所涉及的特定环境的证据。需要这类证据与其它形式的证据共同支持方案决择。全球证据是判断政策效果及其影响因素和深入了解问题解决办法的最佳出发点。而当地证据大多数是在判断应采纳哪些决定及采取哪些措施时使用。本文提出以下5个问题供政策制定者在识别和评价当地证据进行知证决策时参考:①知证决策需要什么样的当地证据?②如何获得必需的当地证据?③如何评价现有当地证据的质量?④当地证据的可获得性、质量或结果是否有重要变化?⑤如何整合当地证据与其他信息? | Simon Lewin Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Atle Fretheim Sebastian Garcia Marti Susan Munabi-Babigumira 李幼平 王莉 成岚 蒋兰慧 蔡羽嘉 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,4: | 2 |
| 11 | 知证卫生决策工具之十三--准备和使用政策简报支持知证决策显示文摘政策简报是一个相对较新的为决策者打包研究证据的方法。政策简报的第一步就是设定政策问题的优先顺序,然后收集与问题各种特征相关的各方面研究证据。利用可得到的系统评价可使收集证据的过程可行且合理;若无系统评价,可查找单个相关研究并根据需考虑问题的特征合并单个研究。本文提供以下问题供准备和使用政策简报支持知证决策者参考:①该政策简报是否解决一个高度优先问题,并描述了该问题的相关背景?②该政策简报是否描述了用于解决该问题各方案的问题、成本和效果及实施时需考虑的关键问题?③该政策简报是否用系统、透明的方法查找、筛选及评价合成的研究证据?④在讨论合成的研究证据时,该政策简报是否考虑了证据的质量、当地适用性及公平性?⑤该政策简报是否使用分级进入格式?⑥是否对该政策简报的科学质量和系统相关性进行了评价? | John N Lavis Govin Permanand Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 李幼平 李玲 蒋兰慧 文进 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,5: | 2 |
| 12 | 知证卫生决策工具之十五--使公众参与知证决策显示文摘我们在本文中提出告知公众并使之参与政策制定和实施的策略。使各级卫生系统的公众(患者和公众)参与政策制定和实施的重要性得到广泛认同。他们是公共政策所带来的有利或不利影响的最终受众,许多政府和组织已认识到使公众参与知证决策过程的价值。这样做的潜在好处包括制定包含公众想法并表明其关注点的政策,改善政策实施效果,促进医疗卫生服务和增进健康。公众参与也可被看做是政策的本质目标之一,鼓励民主参与、公众责任和透明。关于公众参与策略,我们提出可考虑的三个问题,分别是:①与媒体合作时,可用哪些策略来告知公众有关政策的制定和实施?②与民间社会团体合作时,可用什么策略告知公众并使之参与政策制定和实施?③可用什么方法使需方参与政策制定与实施? | Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin John N Lavis Atle Fretheim 李鸿浩(译) 李幼平(总审校) 杨晓妍(审校) | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,5: | 2 |
| 13 | 知证卫生决策工具之十六--使用研究证据权衡政策的利弊显示文摘本文是为卫生政策及规划的决策者及其支持者写的系列文章之一。本文提出使用证据以判断所选政策和卫生规划的利弊关系。作出判断时我们建议考虑以下五个问题:①进行比较的选择是什么?②所比较的选择最重要的可能结果是什么?③对所比较的选择每一项重要结果而言,其影响的最佳估计是什么?④对所估计的影响,决策者及其他相关人员有多大的把握度?⑤有无正规的经济学模型帮助决策? | Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Atle Fretheim Simon Lewin 陈群飞(译) 陈尹(译) 李幼平(总审校) 杨晓妍(审校) | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,5: | 2 |
| 14 | A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Stephen S Lim Theo Vos Abraham D Flaxman Goodarz Danaei Kenji Shibuya Heather Adair-Rohani Mohammad A AlMazroa Markus Amann H Ross Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Martin Aryee Charles Atkinson Loraine J Bacchus Adil N Bahalim Kalpana Balakrishnan John Balmes S | 2012 | The Lancet2012,,9859: | 2 |
| 15 | Cancer Genome Scanning in Plasma: Detection of Tumor-Associated Copy Number Aberrations, Single-Nucleotide Variants, and Tumoral Heterogeneity by Massively Parallel Sequencing显示文摘 | Chan K C Allen Jiang Peiyong Zheng Yama W L Liao Gary J W Sun Hao Wong John Siu Shing Shun N Chan Wing C Chan Stephen L Chan Anthony T C Lai Paul B S Chiu Rossa W K Lo Y M D | 2013 | Clinical Chemistry2013,,1: | 2 |
| 16 | Ecological Linkages Between Aboveground and Belowground Biota显示文摘 | DAVID A W RICHARD D B JOHN N K | 2004 | Science2004,304,: | 1 |
| 17 | Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants显示文摘 | Frank Rahman Katherine H Langford Mark D Scrimshaw John N Lester | 2001 | Science of the Total Environment2001,,1: | 1 |
| 18 | Adaptation of HIV-1to human leukocyte antigen class I显示文摘 | Kawashima Y Pfafferott K Frater J Matthews P Payne R Addo M Gatanaga H Fujiwara M Hachiya A Koizumi H Kuse N Oka S Duda A Prendergast A Crawford H Leslie A Brumme Z Brumme C Allen T Brander C Kaslow R Tang J Hunter E Allen S Mulenga J Branch S Roach T John M Mallal S Ogwu A Shapiro R Prado J G Fidler S Weber J Pybus O G Klenerman P Ndung'u T Phillips R Heckerman D Harrigan P R Walker B D Takiguchi M Goulder P | 2009 | Nature2009,458,7238: | 1 |
| 19 | Campana alluval characteristics, groundwater-surface water exchange and hydrological retention in headwater stream 显示文摘 | John A M Valett H M Clifford N D | 1998 | Hydrological Processes1998,,11: | 1 |
| 20 | Rec- net Advances in Optimization - Based Simultaneous Process and Control Design 显示文摘 | Vassilis Sakizlis John D Perkins Efstratios N Pistikopoulos | 2004 | Computers and Chemical Engineering2004,28,10: | 1 |