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| 1 | 自发性脑出血治疗指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的指南显示文摘目的本指南旨在为急性自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的综合性推荐意见。方法通过Medline进行规范的文献检索,利用证据表合并资料。撰写委员会成员通过远程电信会议讨论根据资料得出的推荐意见。采用美国心脏协会卒中委员会的证据分级方案对推荐意见进行分级。由6位同行评议专家以及卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会和卒中委员会领导委员会成员对指南的草案进行发表前审阅。预期本指南在3年内完全更新。结果本文为脑出血患者的医疗诊治提供了循证指南。重点包括诊断、止血、血压管理、院内管理和护理、预防内科合并症、外科治疗、转归预测、康复、预防复发以及将来需要考虑的问题。结论脑出血是一种严重的疾病,早期积极救治可影响其转归。本指南为脑出血患者的目标导向治疗提供了一个框架。 | Lewis B. Morgenstem J. Claude Hemphill Ⅲ Craig Anderson Kyra Becker Joseph P. Broderick E. Sander Connolly Jr Steven M. Greenberg James N. Huang R. Loch Macdonald Steven R. Messe Pamela H. Mitchell Magdy Selim Rafael J. Tamargo 王玉洁(译) 王健(译) 刘相玉(译) 谢丽丽(译) | 2010 | 国际脑血管病杂志2010，，8： | 259 |
| 2 | 未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者管理指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的指南显示文摘目的这份更新版指南旨在为未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的管理提供全面的循证建议。方法写作组采用系统文献回顾(1977年1月至2014年6月),参考同期已发表的循证指南、个人文件和专家意见来总结现有的证据,指出现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据美国心脏协会( American Heart Association, AHA)标准做出推荐。本指南经过了包括卒中委员会领导层以及AHA科学声明监督委员会在内的广泛同行评议,然后由AHA科学咨询和协调委员会审批通过。结果本指南对未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的医疗诊治提出了循证建议,涉及临床表现、自然史、流行病学、危险因素、筛查、诊断、影像学以及手术和血管内治疗的转归。 | B. Gregory Thompson Robert D. Brown Sepideh Amin-Hanjani Joseph P. Broderick Kevin M. Cockroft E. Sander Connolly Gary R. Duckwiler Catherine C. Harris Virginia J. Howard S. Claiborne (Clay) Johnston Philip M. Meyers Andrew Molyneux Christopher S. Ogilvy Andrew J. Ringer James Torner 肖国栋 徐加平 石际俊 尤寿江 张霞 刘慧慧 曹勇军 | 2015 | 国际脑血管病杂志2015，23，8： | 127 |
| 3 | Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”显示文摘Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure. | Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 19 |
| 4 | 限制热量摄入6个月对超重者寿命指标、代谢调节及氧化应激的影响——随机对照试验AuthorAffiliations:PenningtonBiomedicalResearchCenter.LouisianaStateUniversity.BatonRouge;andGarvan.InstituteforMedicalResearch.Dadinghurst,AustraIia(DrHeilbronn).显示文摘背景:长期限制热量摄入可延长啮齿类动物的寿命。但是,尚未有研究观测长期限制人体热量是否会影响其寿命及氧化应激指标,降低代谢率。
目的:在超重但不肥胖(体重指数为25—30)的人群中研究限制热量6个月伴/不伴运动对其产生的影响。
设计、地点及参试者:于2002年3月至2004年8月在位于路易斯安娜州首府巴顿鲁治的研究中心对48名不好动的健康人进行随机对照研究。
干预:参试者在6个月内随机分为4个组:对照组(饮食可维持体重);限制热量组(限制基线所需能量的25%);限制热量+运动组(限制12.5%的热量+运动增加12.5%的能耗);极低热量饮食组(每日摄入890keal,直至体重减少15%,随后采用维持体重的饮食)。
主要观测指标:机体组成;硫酸脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrostemne sulfate,DHEAS)、葡萄糖及胰岛素水平;蛋白羰基化合物;DNA损伤;24小时能耗;核心体温。
结果:6个月时各组体重变化的均值(标准误)为:对照组-1.0%(1.1%);限制热量组-10.4%(0.9%);限制热量+运动组-10.0%(0.8%);极低热量饮食组-13.9%(0.7%)。6个月时,各干预组空腹血糖水平较基线明显降低(P均〈0.01),而DHEAS和葡萄糖水平没有改变。限制热量组及限制热量+运动组核心体温有所下降(P均〈0.05)。对机体组成进行校正后发现,对照组24小时静息能耗无变化,但限制热量组(-135kcal/d[42kcal/d])、限制热量+运动组(-117kcal/d[52kcal/d])和极低热量饮食组(-125kcal/d[35kcal/d])24小时静息能耗有所下降(P均〈0.008)。上述“代谢调节”(超出预计值的-6%)与对照组相比存在显著差异(P〈0.05)。6个月时,各组蛋白羰基化合物的浓度较基线时无变化,而各干预组DNA损伤有所减少(P〈0.005)。
结论:我们的研究结果显示,长期限制热量可降低人类寿命的2种指标(即空腹胰岛素水平和体温)。此外,我们的研究结果还支持下述理论,即限制热量能降低代谢率,且超过缩小代谢面积产生的相应效应。我们尚需开展远期研究来评价限制热量能否延缓人类衰老过程。 | Leonie K. Heibronn Lilian de Jonge Madlyn I. Frisard James P. DeLany D. Enette Larson-Meyer Jennifer Rood Tuong Nguyen Corby K. Martin Julia Volaufova Marlene M. Most Frank L. Greenway Steven R. Smith Walter A. Deutsch Donald A. Williamson Eric Ravussin 顾佳(译) | 2006 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2006，25，5： | 18 |
| 5 | Updated Analysis of SWOG-Directed Intergroup Study 0116: A Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Radiochemotherapy Versus Observation After Curative Gastric Cancer Resection显示文摘 | Stephen R. Smalley Jacqueline K. Benedetti Daniel G. Haller Scott A. Hundahl Norman C. Estes Jaffer A. Ajani Leonard L. Gunderson Bryan Goldman James A. Martenson J. Milburn Jessup Grant N. Stemmermann Charles D. Blanke John S. Macdonald | 2012 | Journal of Clinical Oncology2012，，19： | 13 |
| 6 | 卒中一级预防指南 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南美国神经病学学会肯定本指南作为神经科医生继续教育工具的价值显示文摘背景和目的本指南对各种已确定和新出现的卒中危险因素的证据进行概述,以提供降低首次卒中风险的循证推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位成员先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(American HeartAssociation,AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾的方法(涵盖时间为2006年上一次回顾发表到2009年4月),参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来总结现有证据,并指出现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据标准的AHA标准做出推荐。写作组全体成员均有机会对推荐进行评论并审核这份声明的最终文本。在AHA科学咨询和协调委员会考察和批准之前,本指南已南卒中委员会领导层和AIIA科学声明督察委员会进行过广泛的同行评议。结果对评价个体首次卒巾风险的流程图进行了评价。根据干预的町能性(不可于预、可于预或潜在可干预)和证据的强度(证据充分或证据不太充分),对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预危险因素包括年龄、性别、低出生体质量、人种/种族和遗传倾向。证据充分的叮干预危险因素包括高血压、吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病、绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、体力活动过少以及肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白(a)升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行了回顾。结论多方面的证据可用于确定能增高首次卒中风险的多种具体因素并提供降低这种风险的策略。 | Larry B. Goldstein Cheryl D. Bushnell Robert J. Adams Lawrence J. Appel Lynne T. Braun Seemant Chaturvedi Mark A. Creager Antonio Culebras Robert H. Eckel Robert G. Hart Judith A. Hinchey Virginia J. Howard Edward C. Jauch Steven R. Levine James F. Meschia Wesley S. Moore J.V. (Ian) Nixon Thomas A. Pearson 张霞(译) 尤寿江(译) 陈孝东(译) 卢涛声(译) 石际俊(译) 曹勇军(译) 徐兴顺(译) | 2010 | 国际脑血管病杂志2010，18，12： | 12 |
| 7 | The adult human testis transcriptional cell atlas显示文摘Human adult spermatogenesis balances spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self-renewal and differentiation,alongside complex germ cell-niche interactions,to ensure long-term fertility and faithful genome propagation. Here,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of -6500 testicular cells from young adults. We found five niche/somatic cell types (Leydig,myoid,Sertoli,endothelial,macrophage),and observed germline-niche interactions and key human-mouse differences. Spermatogenesis,including meiosis,was reconstructed computationally,revealing sequential coding,non-coding,and repeat-element transcriptional signatures. Interestingly,we identified five discrete transcriptional/developmental spermatogonial states,including a novel early SSC state,termed State 0. Epigenetic features and nascent transcription analyses suggested developmental plasticity within spermatogonial States. To understand the or丨gin of State 0,we profiled testicular cells from infants,and identified distinct similarities between adult State 0 and infant SSCs. Overall,our datasets describe key transcriptional and epigenetic signatures of the normal adult human testis,and provide new insights into germ cell developmental transitions and plasticity. | Jingtao Guo Edward J. Grow Hana Mlcochova Geoffrey J. Maher Cecilia Lindskog Xichen Nie Yixuan Guo Yodai Takei Jina Yun Long Cai Robin Kim Douglas T. Carrell Anne Goriely James M. Hotaling Bradley R. Cairns | 2018 | Cell Research2018，28，12： | 12 |
| 8 | Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association显示文摘 | Lewis B. Morgenstern J. Claude Hemphill Craig Anderson Kyra Becker Joseph P. Broderick E. Sander Connolly Steven M. Greenberg James N. Huang R. Loch Macdonald Steven R. Messé Pamela H. Mitchell Magdy Selim Rafael J. Tamargo | 2010 | Stroke2010，，9： | 10 |
| 9 | Anterograde and Retrograde Regulation of Nuclear Genes Encoding Mitochondrial Proteins during Growth, Development, and Stress显示文摘在植物的 Mitochondrial 生物的续生说和功能要求编码 mitochondrial 蛋白质(NGEMP ) 的超过 1000 原子基因的表示。这些基因的表达式被织物特定、发展、内部、外部的刺激 thatresult 在涉及的一个动态细胞器调整新陈代谢并且许多发信号的进程。尽管线粒体的新陈代谢的 andbiosynthetic 机械很好相对被理解,调整这些过程和 varioussignaling 小径的因素仅仅在分子的水平正在识别包含。anterograde 的分子的部件(对 mitochondrial 原子) 并且后退(mitochondrial 到原子) 与叶绿体调整 NGEMPsinteract 的表示的发信号的小径 -- ,生长 -- ,并且在在许多层次的房间的发信号压力的小径,与在这些信号的传播和执行的普通 componentsinvolved。这作为在 thecell,不是仅仅在 mitochondrial 功能本身的直接发信号,而且在察觉到或集成许多 otherinternal 和外部信号发信号的重要中心放线粒体。这与精力新陈代谢和压力回答集成并且优化生长,哪个在光合、非光合的 cells.Key 词的 isrequired: | Sophia Ng Inge De Clercqc Olivier Van Akena Simon R. Lawd Aneta Ivanovad Patrick Willems Estelle Giraud Frank Van Breusegem James Wheland | 2014 | Molecular Plant2014，7，7： | 8 |
| 10 | Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement显示文摘 | Scott M. Grundy James I. Cleeman Stephen R. Daniels Karen A. Donato Robert H. Eckel Barry A. Franklin David J. Gordon Ronald M. Krauss Peter J. Savage Sidney C. Smith John A. Spertus Fernando Costa | 2005 | Circulation2005，，17： | 7 |
| 11 | Higher Predicted Vitamin D Status Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Crohn’s Disease显示文摘 | Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan Hamed Khalili Leslie M. Higuchi Ying Bao Joshua R. Korzenik Edward L. Giovannucci James M. Richter Charles S. Fuchs Andrew T. Chan | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，3： | 6 |
| 12 | Cash holdings and R&D; smoothing显示文摘 | James R. Brown Bruce C. Petersen | 2010 | Journal of Corporate Finance2010，，3： | 6 |
| 13 | The effect of surface roughness on claw and adhesive hair performance in the dock beetle Gastrophysa viridula显示文摘自然粘合剂系统被改编属于不平的表面,而是内在的机制充分没被澄清。为甲壳虫 Gastrophysa viridula 的附件力量用一台离心机设备与不同粗糙在表面的环氧基树脂演员组上被记录。复制品用擦亮纸标准化,粗糙尺寸从 0.05 ~ 30 m 并且船坞叶子(Rumex obtusifolius )做的。甲壳虫在光滑的底层上或在他们的主人植物的叶子的演员组上与多达 36 次身体重量的一个安全因素粘住。在不平的底层上,力量在小规模粗糙是更低的大部分和最小(0.05 m 粗糙尺寸,与 5 的一个吝啬的安全因素) 被观察。爪的移动与粗糙尺寸为不平的底层在力量导致了重要减小 12 m。毛乎乎的粘合剂系统本身的附件力量(没有爪) 稍微增加了从对大规模表面粗糙小规模,但是在在光滑的底层上看见的水平下面留下了。这被 setal 尖端的无能解释做完整的接触到表面。 | James M. R. Bullock Walter Federle | 2011 | Insect Science2011，18，3： | 6 |
| 14 | Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association显示文摘 | Larry B. Goldstein Cheryl D. Bushnell Robert J. Adams Lawrence J. Appel Lynne T. Braun Seemant Chaturvedi Mark A. Creager Antonio Culebras Robert H. Eckel Robert G. Hart Judith A. Hinchey Virginia J. Howard Edward C. Jauch Steven R. Levine James F. Meschi | 2011 | Stroke2011，，2： | 6 |
| 15 | 代谢综合征的诊断和治疗——美国心脏协会/国立心肺血液研究所指南概要显示文摘 | Scott M. Grundy James I. Cleeman Stephen R. Daniels Karen A. Donato Robert H. Eckel Barry A.Franklin David J. Gordon Ronald M. Krauss Peter J. Savage Sidney C. Smith John A. Spertus Fernando Costa | 2006 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2006，2，4： | 5 |
| 16 | Inactivation of Mitochondrial Complex Ⅰ Induces the Expression of a Twin Cysteine Protein that Targets and Affects Cytosolic, Chloroplastidic and Mitochondrial Function显示文摘At12Cys-1 (At5g64400 ) 和 At12Cys-2 (At5g09570 ) 是二密切相关的 isogenes 编码小、成双的半胱氨酸蛋白质,典型地在线粒体定位了。At12Cys-2 抄本与破坏 mitochondrial 蛋白质,而是 At12Cys 的增加在许多异种被导致蛋白质仅仅与减少的 mitochondrial 在异种被检测复杂我丰富。在缺乏 mitochondrial 建筑群的异种的 At12Cys 蛋白质感应我被位于线粒体,叶绿体,和 cytosol 的 At12Cys 蛋白质伴随。生物化学的分析揭示了那甚至单个的基因删除,即, At12cys-1 或 At12cys-2,在 mitochondrial 和叶绿体功能上有效果。然而,仅仅加倍异种,即, At12cys-1 : At12cys-2,影响许多蛋白质和 mRNA 抄本编码翻译延伸因素以及 rRNA 丰富。蓝本国的页证明 At12Cys 与 mitochondrial supercomplex 共同移居我 + III。同样, At12cys-1 和 At12cys-2 基因的删除,然而并非单个基因删除,导致提高的忍耐到干旱和轻应力和增加的抗氧化剂能力。正式就职和在在建筑群的减小之上的 At12Cys 的多重本地化我丰富提供机制明确地表明 mitochondrial 机能障碍到 cytosol 然后在以外到在房间的另外的细胞器。 | Yan Wang Wenhui Lyu Oliver Berkowitz Jordan D. Radomiljac Simon R. Law Monika W. Murcha Chris Carrie Pedro F. Teixeira Beata Kmiec Owen Duncan Olivier Van Aken Reena Narsai Elzbieta Glaser Shaobai Huang Ute Roessner A. Harvey Millar James Whelan | 2016 | Molecular Plant2016，9，5： | 5 |
| 17 | Cirrus Cloud Macrophysical and Optical Properties over North China from CALIOP Measurements显示文摘Two years of mid-latitude cirrus cloud macrophysical and optical properties over North China are described from Earth-orbiting Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization(CALIOP) satellite measurements. Global cloud climatological studies based on active remote sensing data sets benefit from more accurate resolution of vertical structure and more reliable detection of optically thin layers.The mean values for cirrus cases over North China are 0.19±0.18 for infrared emittance,0.41±0.68 for visible optical depth, 0.26±0.12 for integrated depolarization ratio,and 0.72±0.22 for integrated color ratio.When studied using reasonable assumptions for the relationship between extinction and ice crystal backscatter coefficients,our results show that most of the cirrus clouds profiled using the 0.532μm channel data stream correspond with an optical depth of less than 1.0.The dependence of cirrus cloud properties on cirrus cloud mid-cloud temperature and geometry thickness are generally similar to the results derived from the ground-based lidar, which are mainly impacted by the adiabatic process on the ice cloud content.However,the differences in macrophysical parameter variability indicate the limits of spaceborne-lidar and dissimilarities in regional climate variability and the nature and source of cloud nuclei in different geographical regions. | 闵敏 王普才 James R. Campbell 宗雪梅 夏俊荣 | 2011 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2011，28，3： | 5 |
| 18 | Choice of conodont Idiognathodus simulator (sensu stricto) as the event marker for the base of the global Gzhelian Stage (Upper Pennsylvanian Series, Carboniferous System)显示文摘 | Philip H. Heckel Aleksandr S. Alekseev James E. Barrick Darwin R. Boardman Natalya V. Goreva Tatiana N. Isakova Tamara I. Nemyrovska Katsumi Ueno Elisa Villa David M. Work | 2008 | Episodes2008，31，3： | 5 |
| 19 | Incidence and Mortality of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in Persons With Inflammatory Bowel Disease From 1998 to 2010显示文摘 | Lisa J. Herrinton Liyan Liu Theodore R. Levin James E. Allison James D. Lewis Fernando Velayos | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，2： | 5 |
| 20 | Transient Flare of Ulcerative Colitis After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection显示文摘 | Lauren M. De Leon James B. Watson Colleen R. Kelly | 2013 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2013，，8： | 5 |
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