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| 1 | 中国健康人群正常心率范围的调查显示文摘目的 调查中国健康人群心率的分布及其性别、年龄差异 ,评估传统的正常心率标准。方法 采集 5 36 0例 (男 36 14例 ,女 1746例 )健康人心电图 ,并按性别分为 5个年龄组 ,计算各年龄组心率的中位数、上限和下限值。结果 男性心率中位数为 6 7~ 6 8次 /min ,随年龄波动很小 ;女性心率的中位数为 6 7~ 73次 /min ,随年龄增长呈下降趋势。年轻女性心率的中位数、上限和下限值均比同年龄组男性快 5~ 6次 /min ,性别差异随年龄增长而减低或消失。 15 %的人群心率小于 6 0次 /min。男性心率下限值为 5 1次 /min ,而女性心率下限值 5 0岁以前约为 5 5次 /min ,5 0岁以后为 5 1次 /min。男、女心率上限值均随年龄增长逐渐降低 ,但在 5 0岁以后再次增快 ;总体人群的心率上限值为 95次 /min。 | 吴杰 Jan A. Kors Peter R. Rijnbeek 陆再英 徐春芳 Jan H. van Bemmel | 2001 | 中华心血管病杂志2001，29，6： | 36 |
| 2 | Lower Bifidobacteria counts in both duodenal mucosa-associated and fecal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients显示文摘AIM: To determine the composition of both fecal and duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy subjects using molecular-based techniques. METHODS: Fecal and duodenal mucosa brush samples were obtained from 41 IBS patients and 26 healthy subjects. Fecal samples were analyzed for the composition of the total microbiota using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and both fecal and duodenal brush samples were analyzed for the composition of bif idobacteria using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The FISH analysis of fecal samples revealed a 2-fold decrease in the level of bifidobacteria (4.2 ± 1.3 vs 8.3 ± 1.9, P < 0.01) in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects, whereas no major differences in other bacterial groups were observed. At the species level, Bifidobacterium catenulatum levels were significantly lower (6 ± 0.6 vs 19 ± 2.5, P < 0.001) in the IBS patients in both fecal and duodenal brush samples than in healthy subjects.CONCLUSION: Decreased bifidobacteria levels in both fecal and duodenal brush samples of IBS patients compared to healthy subjects indicate a role for microbiotic composition in IBS pathophysiology. | Angèle PM Kerckhoffs Melvin Samsom Michel E van der Rest Joris de Vogel Jan Knol Kaouther Ben-Amor Louis MA Akkermans | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，23： | 33 |
| 3 | Current status of laparoscopic and robotic ventral mesh rectopexy for external and internal rectal prolapse显示文摘External and internal rectal prolapse with their affiliated rectocele and enterocele, are associated with debilitating symptoms such as obstructed defecation, pelvic pain and faecal incontinence. Since perineal procedures are associated with a higher recurrence rate, an abdominal approach is commonly preferred. Despite the description of greater than three hundred different procedures, thus far no clear superiority of one surgical technique has been demonstrated. Ventral mesh rectopexy(VMR) is a relatively new and promising technique to correct rectal prolapse. In contrast to the abdominal procedures of past decades, VMR avoids posterolateral rectal mobilisation and thereby minimizes the risk of postoperative constipation. Because of a perceived acceptable recurrence rate, good functional results and low mesh-related morbidity in the short to medium term, VMR has been popularized in the past decade. Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted VMR is now being progressively performed internationally and several articles and guidelines propose the procedure as the treatment of choice for rectal prolapse. In this article, an outline of the current status of laparoscopic and robotic ventral mesh rectopexy for the treatment of internal and external rectal prolapse is presented. | Jan J van Iersel Tim JC Paulides Paul M Verheijen John W Lumley Ivo AMJ Broeders Esther CJ Consten | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，21： | 20 |
| 4 | Management of recurrent rectal cancer:A population based study in greater Amsterdam显示文摘AIM: To analyze,retrospectively in a population-based study,the management and survival of patients with recurrent rectal cancer initially treated with a macroscopically radical resection obtained with total mesorectal excision (TME). METHODS: All rectal carcinomas diagnosed during 1998 to 2000 and initially treated with a macroscopically radical resection (632 patients) were selected from the Amsterdam Cancer Registry. For patients with recurrent disease,information on treatment of the recurrence was collected from the medical records. RESULTS: Local recurrence with or without clinically apparent distant dissemination occurred in 62 patients (10%). Thirty-two patients had an isolated local recurrence. Ten of these 32 patients (31%) underwent radical re-resection and experienced the highest survival (three quarters survived for at least 3 years). Eight patients (25%) underwent non-radical surgery (median survival 24 mo),seven patients (22%) were treated with radio-and/or chemotherapy without surgery (median survival 15 mo) and seven patients (22%) only received best supportive care (median survival 5 mo). Distant dissemination occurred in 124 patients (20%) of whom 30 patients also had a local recurrence. The majority (54%) of these patients were treated with radio-and/or chemotherapy without surgery (median survival 15 mo). Twenty-seven percent of these patients only received best supportive care (median survival 6 mo),while 16% underwent surgery for their recurrence. Survival was best in the latter group (median survival 32 mo). CONCLUSION: Although treatment options and survival are limited in case of recurrent rectal cancer after radical local resection obtained with TME,patients can benefit from additional treatment,especially if a radical resection is feasible. | Roel Bakx Otto Visser Judith Josso Sybren Meijer J Frederik M Slors J Jan B van Lanschot | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，39： | 17 |
| 5 | 超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱快速分析人参根中的皂甙化合物显示文摘建立了超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱快速分析人参根部提取物中的皂甙类化合物的方法。色谱柱为HSST3超高效液相色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm);以15 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液-乙腈为流动相,采用二元梯度洗脱的方式对人参主根的皂甙提取物进行分离。基于待测目标物的多级质谱碎片离子、精确质量等信息,结合9种人参皂甙标准化合物的多级质谱碎片离子质谱图,共鉴定出人参主根提取物中27种皂甙类化合物。在确定的条件下,以9种人参皂甙标样为研究对象,进行了全面的方法学考察,发现它们的线性范围分别为0.33~9.00 mg/L(Rg1),0.11~9.00 mg/L(Re),0.02~2.00 mg/L(Rf),0.07~6.00 mg/L(Rg2),0.04~3.00 mg/L(Rb1,Rb3),0.22~6.00 mg/L(Rc),0.04~9.00 mg/L(Rb2,Rd);在中等加标浓度时,经内标物峰面积校正的9种皂甙标准化合物的峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)不高于11.3%;低、中、高3个质量浓度加标水平的回收率范围分别为90%~100%、98%~104%及96%~103%;最低检出限为3.5~18.5μg/L。该方法具有高分辨、快捷、简便、可靠等特点,并成功地应用于分析同一产地、不同生长时间的人参干燥主根中皂甙的差异。可以预计此方法可进一步应用于各种人参原料和制品中皂甙的快速测定。 | 胡春秀 孔宏伟 朱超 魏恒 Thomas HANKEMEIER Jan van der GREEF 王梅 许国旺 | 2011 | 色谱2011，29，6： | 14 |
| 6 | Implementing a DIKW model on a deep mine cooling system显示文摘The South African mining industry has been experiencing increasing economic pressure. Deep mines also suffer from very hot workplaces, which leads to safety risks. These factors place stress on managers to reach their production targets while providing safe workplace conditions. The data information knowledge wisdom(DIKW) model, also known as the wisdom hierarchy, was implemented on a deep mine cooling system. This study aims to show that a simple model such as the DIKW model can assist managers in improving their deep mine cooling system's performance. The study found that the DIKW approach is a suitable approach for use on mine cooling systems to facilitate operational improvements.Applying the DIKW approach to a case study on a mine cooling system created substantial awareness and facilitated a cooling duty improvement of 55% which relates to an increase of 5.3 MW of refrigeration. The results of this study indicate that the DIKW approach may be a suitable approach to optimise management on deep mines using their existing infrastructure. | Jan Gabriel Pretorius Marc John Mathews Philip Maré Marius Kleingeld Johann van Rensburg | 2019 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2019，29，2： | 14 |
| 7 | Improving the outcomes in oncological colorectal surgery显示文摘During the last several decades,colorectal cancer surgery has experienced some major perioperative improvements.Preoperative risk-assessment of nutrition,frailty,and sarcopenia followed by interventions for patient optimization or an adapted surgical strategy,contributed to improved postoperative outcomes.Enhanced recovery programs or fast-track surgery also resulted in reduced length of hospital stay and overall complications without affecting patient safety.After an initially indecisive start due to uncertainty about oncological safety,the most significant improvement in intraoperative care was the introduction of laparoscopy.Laparoscopic surgery for colon and rectal cancer is associated with better short-term outcomes,whereas long-term outcomes regarding survival and recurrence rates are comparable.Nevertheless,long-term results in rectal surgery remain to be seen.Early recognition of anastomotic leakage remains a challenge,though multiple improvements have allowed better management of this complication. | Jeroen LA van Vugt Kostan W Reisinger Joep PM Derikx Djamila Boerma Jan HMB Stoot | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，35： | 13 |
| 8 | Comparative Transcriptional Profiling and Preliminary Study on Heterosis Mechanism of Super-Hybrid Rice显示文摘杂种优势比也是从二父母表演的后代改善了的生物现象和优异性能生来的父母线。混合米饭是在利用杂种优势的庄稼的最成功的 apotheoses 之一。由基因表示(半自动地面防空系统)的连续分析 F1 超级混血儿的米饭 Liangyou-2186 和它的父母介绍的 Transcriptional 表明 1183 差别表示了基因( DG ),在哪个之中 DG 被发现显著地在象光合作用和碳固定那样的小径充实,并且大多数涉及碳固定小径的关键基因在 F1 混合米饭展出了起来调整的表示。而且,相应的酶的增加的分解代谢的活动和光合的效率也被检测,它联合了显示那碳固定可能在 F1 混血儿,和力量被提高在超级混血儿的米饭与收益活力和杂种优势被联系。由有收益相关的量的特点 loci (QTL ) 的相关 DG,在微分基因表示和 phenotypic 变化之间的一种潜在的关系也被发现。另外,当以前在 Arabidopsis 报导了,包含生理节奏节奏、轻的发信号的小径的一个规章的网络也被发现,它建议如此的一个网络可能也与在混合米饭的杂种优势是相关的。总的来说,现在的学习为理解在米饭位于杂种优势下面的分子的机制提供另一个看法。 | Gui-Sheng Song Hong-Li Zhai Yong-Gang Peng Lei Zhang Gang Wei Xiao- Ying Chen Yu-Guo Xiao Lili Wang Yue-Jun Chen Bin Wu Bin Chen Yu Zhang Hua Chen Xiu-Jing Feng Wan-Kui Gong Yao Liu Zhi-Jie Yin Feng Wang Guo-Zhen Liu Hong-Lin Xu Xiao-Li Wei Xiao-Ling Zhao Pieter B.F. Ouwerkerk Thomas Hankemeier Theo Reijmers Rob van der Heijden Cong-Ming Lu Mei Wang Jan van der Greef Zhen Zhu | 2010 | Molecular Plant2010，3，6： | 12 |
| 9 | Treatment of acute periprosthetic infections with prosthesis retention: Review of current concepts显示文摘Periprosthetic joint infection(PJI) is a devastating complication after total joint arthroplasty, occurring in approximately 1%-2% of all cases. With growing populations and increasing age, PJI will have a growing effect on health care costs. Many risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of developing PJI, including obesity, immune system deficiencies, malignancy, previous surgery of the same joint and longer operating time. Acute PJI occurs either postoperatively(4 wk to 3 mo after initial arthroplasty, depending on the classification system), or via hematogenous spreading after a period in which the prosthesis had functioned properly. Diagnosis and the choice of treatment are the cornerstones to success. Although different definitions for PJI have been used in the past, most are more or less similar and include the presence of a sinus tract, blood infection values, synovial white blood cell count, signs of infection on histopathological analysis and one ormore positive culture results. Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention(DAIR) is the primary treatment for acute PJI, and should be performed as soon as possible after the development of symptoms. Success rates differ, but most studies report success rates of around 60%-80%. Whether single or multiple debridement procedures are more successful remains unclear. The use of local antibiotics in addition to the administration of systemic antibiotic agents is also subject to debate, and its pro's and con's should be carefully considered. Systemic treatment, based on culture results, is of importance for all PJI treatments. Additionally, rifampin should be given in Staphylococcal PJIs, unless all foreign material is removed. The most important factors contributing to treatment failure are longer duration of symptoms, a longer time after initial arthroplasty, the need for more debridement procedures, the retention of exchangeable components, and PJI caused by Staphylococcus(aureus or coagulase negative). If DAIR treatment is unsuccessful, the following treatment option should be based on the patient health status and his or her expectations. For the best functional outcome, one- or two-stage revision should be performed after DAIR failure. In conclusion, DAIR is the obvious choice for treatment of acute PJI, with good success rates in selected patients. | Jesse WP Kuiper Robin Tjeenk Willink Dirk Jan F Moojen Michel PJ van den Bekerom Sascha Colen | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，5： | 12 |
| 10 | Discriminating mild from critical COVID-19 by innate and adaptive immune single-cell profiling of bronchoalveolar lavages显示文摘How the innate and adaptive host immune system miscommunicate to worsen COVID-19 immunopathology has not been fully elucidated.Here,we perform single-cell deep-immune profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)samples from 5 patients with mild and 26 with critical COVID-19 in comparison to BALs from non-COVID-19 pneumonia and normal lung.We use pseudotime inference to build T-cell and monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories and model gene expression changes along them.In mild COVID-19,CD8^(+)resident-memory(TRM)and CD4^(+)T-helper-17(T_(H17))cells undergo active(presumably antigen-driven)expansion towards the end of the trajectory,and are characterized by good effector functions,while in critical COVID-19 they remain more naïve.Vice versa,CD4^(+)T-cells with T-helper-1 characteristics(TH1-like)and CD8^(+)T-cells expressing exhaustion markers(T_(EX)-like)are enriched halfway their trajectories in mild COVID-19,where they also exhibit good effector functions,while in critical COVID-19 they show evidence of inflammation-associated stress at the end of their trajectories.Monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories show that chronic hyperinflammatory monocytes are enriched in critical COVID-19,while alveolar macrophages,otherwise characterized by anti-inflammatory and antigen-presenting characteristics,are depleted.In critical COVID-19,monocytes contribute to an ATP-purinergic signaling-inflammasome footprint that could enable COVID-19 associated fibrosis and worsen disease-severity.Finally,viral RNA-tracking reveals infected lung epithelial cells,and a significant proportion of neutrophils and macrophages that are involved in viral clearance. | Els Wauters Pierre Van Mol Abhishek Dinkarnath Garg Sander Jansen Yannick Van Herck Lore Vanderbeke Ayse Bassez Bram Boeckx Bert Malengier-Devlies Anna Timmerman Thomas Van Brussel Tina Van Buyten Rogier Schepers Elisabeth Heylen Dieter Dauwe Christophe Dooms Jan Gunst Greet Hermans Philippe Meersseman Dries Testelmans Jonas Yserbyt Sabine Tejpar Walter De Wever Patrick Matthys CONTAGIOUS collaborators Johan Neyts Joost Wauters Junbin Qian Diether Lambrechts | 2021 | Cell Research2021，31，3： | 11 |
| 11 | Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and the risk of esophageal adeno-or squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To determine whether-1195 A→G and/or-765 G→C polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2 ) may have a risk modifying effect on the development of esophageal carcinoma in a Dutch Caucasian population.METHODS:Two study groups were recruited, 252 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 240 healthy controls, matched for race, age, gender and recruiting area.DNA was isolated from whole blood and used for genotyping.PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes and products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Odds ratios(OR) and 95% confldence intervals(CI) were estimated.RESULTS:The distribution of the-1195 A→G polymorphism was signif icantly different in esophageal cancer patients compared to controls.The-1195 GG genotype resulted in a higher risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma(OR = 3.85, 95% CI:1.45-10.3) compared with the-1195 AA genotype as a reference.The-765 G→C genotype distribution was not different between the two groups.The GG/ GG haplotype was present more often in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients than in controls(OR = 3.45, 95% CI:1.24-9.58;with AG/AG as a reference).The same trends were observed in patients with squamous cell carcinomas, however, the results did not reach statistical signif icance.CONCLUSION:Presence of the COX-2-1195 GG genotype and of the GG/GG haplotype may result in a higher risk of developing esophageal carcinoma. | Jón O Kristinsson Paul van Westerveld Rene HM te Morsche Hennie MJ Roelofs T Wobbes Ben JM Witteman Adriaan CITL Tan Martijn GH van Oijen Jan BMJ Jansen Wilbert HM Peters | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，28： | 11 |
| 12 | Dietary Fibres and Whole Grain Products for Improving Health and Reducing Disease Risks显示文摘 | Jan Willem van der Kamp | 2004 | 食品科学2004，25，10： | 10 |
| 13 | TraitMill:禾谷类作物高产基因发掘的引擎(英文)显示文摘转基因技术是研究植物发育的有效的途径。比利时的作物设计公司(CropDesign)成功研制出称为TraitMill的技术平台,TraitMill平台不仅是一个能够大规模开展转基因和植株评价的高通量的技术平台,而且还是一个在植物表型上鉴定基因和基因组合的非常有用的工具。无论是在理想的植株生长条件下,还是在不同非生物逆境或营养胁迫条件下,利用TraitMill平台每年可成功地鉴定成百个不同的“启动子—基因”组合。基于对水稻生长发育的特别设计和高精度的测量方法改造,TraitMill平台已经全面应用于水稻转基因及其性状的评价。迄今为止,TraitMill平台是唯一一个将转基因技术和植株性状自动化评价系统相结合的技术平台。显然,应用于改良禾谷类作物产量基因的鉴定,TraitMill平台具有独特的优势。 | Christophe Reuzeau Jan Pen Valérie Frankard Joris de Wolf Rindert Peerbolte Willem Broekaert Wim van Camp 方宣钧(推荐人) | 2005 | 分子植物育种2005，3，5： | 10 |
| 14 | Investigation of operational parameters for an industrial CFB combustor of coal,biomass and sludge显示文摘The combustion of coal and/or biomass (sludge, wood waste, RDF, etc.) in a circulating fluidized bed has been a commercial topper for over20 years, and references to principles and applications are numerous and widespread although few data are presented concerning the operation oflarge scale CFB-units. The authors studied the CFB-combustion at UPM-Kymmene (Ayr), a major paper mill relying for its steam production uponthe combustion of coal (80-85%), wood bark (5-10%) and wastewater treatment sludge (5-10%). The maximum capacity of the CFB is 58 MWth.A complete diagnostic of the operation was made, and additional tests were performed to assess the operating mode. The plant schematics,relevant dimensions and process data are given. To assess the operation of the UPM-CFB, it is important to review essential design parameters andprinciples of CFB combustors, which will be discussed in detail to include required data, heat balance and flowrates, operating versus transportvelocity, kinetics and conversion (including the possible effect of the Bouduard reaction if carbon is present).Since the residence time in the riser and the cyclone efficiency determine the burnout of circulating fuel-particles, the UPM-CFB was subjectedto a stimulus response technique using nickel oxide as tracer. Results illustrate the efficiency of the cyclone separation and the number of recycleloops for particles of a given size. Results will also be used to assess the cyclone operation and efficiency and to comment upon expected andmeasured carbon conversion. | Manon Van de Velden Jan Baeyens Bill Dougan Alan McMurdo | 2007 | China Particuology2007，5，4： | 9 |
| 15 | 正常人额面QRS电轴的年龄趋势以及对肢体导联QRS波振幅的影响显示文摘目的调查和评估正常人额面QRS电轴的年龄趋势以及对肢体导联QRS波振幅的影响。方法采集5360例(男性3614例、女性1746例,年龄范围18~84岁)正常健康人12导联心电图分为5个年龄组,计算和分析各年龄组额面QRS电轴的中位数以及肢体导联QRS波振幅的中位数和96%的正常范围上、下限。结果随年龄增长,男、女额面QRS中位数电轴一致性地逐渐向左(上)偏移大约27°(从70°偏移到43°,P<0.001)。Ⅰ和aVL导联的R波振幅随年龄增长显著增加(P<0.001),而下壁导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ和aVF的R波振幅随年龄增长显著降低(P>0.001)。肢体导联R波振幅随年龄的变化趋势与额面QRS电轴的年龄趋势相一致。结论正常人额面QRS电轴随年龄增长逐渐向左(上)偏移,呈现明确的年龄趋势。QRS电轴的生理性演变可引起肢体导联QRS波振幅呈现明显的年龄差异。显然,把一个相同的左心室肥大心电图诊断标准应用到不同年龄组人群是不合适的。 | 吴杰 Jan A Kors Peter R Rijnbeek Gerard van Herpen 徐春芳 陆再英 | 2006 | 中华心律失常学杂志2006，10，3： | 8 |
| 16 | Anti-HIV Ⅰ/Ⅱ Activity and Molecular Cloning of a Novel Mannose/Sialic Acidbinding Lectin from Rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua显示文摘 | Jie AN Jin-Zhi LIU Chuan-Fang WU Jian LI Lei DAI Els Van DAMME Jan BALZARINI Erik De CLERCQ Fang CHEN Jin-Ku BAO | 2006 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2006，38，2： | 8 |
| 17 | 单绒毛膜双羊膜囊性双胎妊娠的合并症及处理方式(Ⅱ)显示文摘综述目的与双绒双胎妊娠相比,单绒双胎妊娠有非常高的胎儿丢失率、围产期死亡率和发病率。这是因为双胎间无法预料的血管交通吻合及单个胎盘的不均衡分配。最新发现尽管某些特定的血流动力学因素和激素可能参与双胎输血综合征(TTTS)的病理生理过程,但通常认为TTTS的病理生理过程是以血管构建为基础的。关于减少羊水、胎儿镜下激光凝固术和造口术的大规模随机试验仍无结果。随着胎儿镜激光治疗所需的硬件和仪器进一步完善,单绒双胎在妊娠早期出现严重的生长不协调问题已得到解决。已提出几个TTTS的发病机制,但对于其发生过程仍知之甚少。而且脐动脉多普勒波形对双胎妊娠并无和单胎妊娠同样的预测价值。对双胎间的血管吻合进行预防性激光阻塞可以预防单胎胎死宫内这类不良事件的发生。但这一预防措施至今对改善妊娠结局并无任何益处。最后本文讨论了关于单绒双胎妊娠生长不协调和染色体异常的病理生理学机制及处理。通过针孔导入的激光和单极凝固术可以用来在妊娠早期进行选择性减胎或改善血流动力学情况。妊娠晚期或血流动力学正常时,双极凝固术似乎更有效。总结近几年来,对单绒双胎妊娠合并症的理解已进一步深入。希望这些进步可以指导这类高危妊娠进行更好的检测,最终改善妊娠结局。 | Liesbeth Lewi Dominique Van Schoubroeck Eduard Gratacós Ingrid Witters Dirk Timmerman Jan Deprest 赵德鹏 刘丹 樊佳丽 | 2010 | 中国产前诊断杂志(电子版)2010，，2： | 8 |
| 18 | 单绒毛膜双羊膜囊性双胎妊娠合并症及处理方式(Ⅰ)显示文摘综述目的与双绒双胎妊娠相比,单绒双胎妊娠有非常高的胎儿丢失率、围产期死亡率和发病率。这是因为双胎间无法预料的血管交通吻合及单个胎盘的不均衡分配。最新发现尽管某些特定的血流动力学因素和激素可能参与双胎输血综合征(TTTS)的病理生理过程,但通常认为TTTS的病理生理过程是以血管构建为基础的。关于减少羊水、胎儿镜下激光凝固术和造口术的大规模随机试验仍无结果。随着胎儿镜激光治疗所需的硬件和仪器进一步完善,单绒双胎在妊娠早期出现严重的生长不协调问题已得到解决。已提出几个TTTS的发病机制,但对于其发生过程仍知之甚少。而且脐动脉多普勒波形对双胎妊娠并无和单胎妊娠同样的预测价值。对双胎间的血管吻合进行预防性激光阻塞可以预防单胎胎死宫内这类不良事件的发生。但这一预防措施至今对改善妊娠结局并无任何益处。最后本文讨论了关于单绒双胎妊娠生长不协调和染色体异常的病理生理学机制及处理。通过针孔导入的激光和单极凝固术可以用来在妊娠早期进行选择性减胎或改善血流动力学情况。妊娠晚期或血流动力学正常时,双极凝固术似乎更有效。总结近几年来,对单绒双胎妊娠合并症的理解已进一步深入。希望这些进步可以指导这类高危妊娠进行更好的检测,最终改善妊娠结局。 | Liesbeth Lewi Dominique Van Schoubroeck Eduard Gratacós Ingrid Witters Dirk Timmerman Jan Deprest 赵德鹏 刘丹 樊佳丽 | 2010 | 中国产前诊断杂志(电子版)2010，，1： | 7 |
| 19 | 沥青自修复微胶囊研究进展显示文摘微胶囊技术在世界上已应用于多个领域,包括医药、食品和化工等,具有广阔的应用前景。将微胶囊引入到沥青材料自修复中,可提高沥青材料的自修复能力并在裂缝产生初期即可自我修复,延长路面使用寿命。与传统的裂缝修补方法相比,微胶囊自修复技术具有节能减排、降低养护成本和防止微裂缝扩展至宏观裂缝等优势。然而,沥青自修复微胶囊技术仍处于初步探索阶段,将微米级微胶囊应用于沥青材料自修复领域还存在着微胶囊强度控制范围不够明确,微胶囊破裂理论尚不成熟,且微胶囊制备工艺参数设计尚不统一等问题。因此,研究者们除研究制备工艺的影响外,还主要从选择合适的制备工艺影响参数和微胶囊的结构与性能方面不断尝试,并取得了丰硕的成果。随着制备工艺的不断成熟和影响参数的不断优化,经原位聚合法制备的微胶囊结构致密、性能优良。目前对掺微胶囊的沥青材料自修复的研究仍存在对沥青材料自修复提升效果的评价方法和评价指标尚不统一等问题。掺微胶囊的沥青材料自修复效果主要通过不同的指标来体现,包括延度、复数模量、拉伸强度、试件的载荷和沥青混合料的疲劳寿命等。其中,还对掺微胶囊的沥青混合料进行了路用性能研究。通过不同的评价指标表明,微胶囊显著提升了沥青材料的自修复效果;掺微胶囊的沥青混合料的水稳定性和高温稳定性略有下降,低温抗裂性下降较大,但仍满足规范要求。为总结沥青自修复微胶囊的研究进展,本文对比分析了多种自修复微胶囊制备方法的优势和特点,解析了影响微胶囊质量的主要因素(芯壁比、反应温度、终点pH值、乳化转速、酸化时间),总结了微胶囊的结构与性能的表征方法,介绍了掺微胶囊沥青材料自修复性能的评价方法与提升效果,阐述了微胶囊对沥青混合料路用性能的影响,探讨了借助分子动力学手段研究掺微胶囊的沥青材料自修复行为理论的可行性并展望了其未来发展前景,以期为微米级微胶囊的应用与发展提供参考。 | 何亮 黄胡端 Wim Van den bergh Tóth Csaba 高杰 Karol Kowalski Jan Valentin | 2020 | 材料导报2020，34，15： | 7 |
| 20 | 成人健康人群心电图正常范围的调查显示文摘目的调查和评估我国成人健康人群心电图的正常范围。方法采集5360例(男性3614例,女性1746例,年龄范围18~84岁)健康人12导联同步心电图并按性别分为5个年龄组,计算和分析男、女各年龄组心电图参数的中位数及96%范围的正常上、下限,并比较其年龄和性别差异。结果PR间期、QTc间期、额面QRS电轴呈现明确的年龄趋势(P〈0.001)。PR间期、QRS波时限、QTc间期及不同导联QRS波和T波振幅存在明显的性别差异(P〈0.001)。男性PR间期上限值约为200ms,女性PR间期上限值从180ms随年龄增长逐渐增加到200ms。男性QRS波时限上限值为120ms,女性为109ms。各年龄组男、女性QTc间期上限值均〉440ms,女性QTc间期〉440ms的发生率(12.8%)明显高于男性(6.2%)。男性QRS电轴的正常范围为-37°~+94°,女性为-27°~+91°.Q波时限正常范围有明确的导联依赖性。在胸前导联,男性T波幅度的正常值不超过1.44mV,女性不超过0.9mV;在肢体导联,男性不超过0.54mV,女性不超过0.45mV。值得注意的是,肢体导联QRS振幅随年龄增长的变化规律与额面QRS电轴随年龄增长逐渐向左(上)偏移相一致;女性V,导联的R波振幅随年龄增长而增加。结论我国成人健康人群心电图参数存在明显的年龄及性别差异,适当调整传统的正常标准,可望进一步提高心电图诊断的质量。 | 吴杰 汪道文 陆再英 徐春芳 Jan A. Kors Peter R. Rijnbeek G. van Herpen | 2008 | 中华心律失常学杂志2008，12，3： | 7 |
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