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| 1 | 美国国立神经疾病和卒中研究所-加拿大卒中网血管性认知障碍统一标准显示文摘背景和目的:1/3的个体会罹患卒中和(或)痴呆,而且,除卒中或痴呆外,2倍于此数的人会出现认知障碍。常用的卒中量表并不能评价认知功能,而痴呆的诊断标准则集中在认知障碍的晚期阶段,且在很大程度上偏向Alzheimer病(AD)的诊断。尚缺乏普遍公认的标准用于识别和描述存在认知障碍的个体,尤其是在早期阶段,而且特别是与血管因素有关的认知障碍或血管性认知障碍。方法:美国国立神经疾病和卒中研究所(MINDS)与加拿大卒中网(CSN)召集临床诊断、流行病学、神经心理学、脑影像学、神经病理学、试验模型、生物标记物、遗传学和临床试验方面的研究人员,为血管性认知障碍的描述和研究推荐一些最低限度的常用的临床和研究标准。结果:将这些讨论的结果发表于此。结论:一个统一标准的制定代表着使用、确认和改进过程中的第一步。使用相同的标准将有助于在认知障碍的早期阶段识别患者,使不同的研究具有可比性,并且通过整合知识来加速研究进展的步伐。 | Vladimir Hachinski Costantino Iadecola Ron C.Petersen Monique M.Breteler David L.Nyenhuis Sandra E.Black William J.Powers Charles DeCarli Jose G.Merino Raj N.Kalaria Harry V.Vinters David M.Holtzman Gary A.Rosenberg Martin Dichgans John R.Marler Gabrielle G.Leblanc 李焰生(译) 俞羚(译) 高枚春(译) 张静芳(译) 熊昕丽(译) 邹静(译) 林岩(译) 潘元美(译) | 2007 | 国际脑血管病杂志2007，15，1： | 63 |
| 2 | Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: A prospective, multicenter study显示文摘 | Martin L. Freeman James A. DiSario Douglas B. Nelson M.Brian Fennerty John G. Lee David J. Bjorkman Carol S. Overby Johannes Aas Michael E. Ryan Gary S. Bochna Michael J. Shaw Harry W. Snady Robert V. Erickson Joseph P. Moore Joseph P. Roel | 2001 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2001，，4： | 5 |
| 3 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 4 | A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom显示文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years. | Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study显示文摘AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.METHODS:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 controls.All participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk factors.RESULTS:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's oesophagus.Fruit but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. | Lesley A Anderson RG Peter Watson Seamus J Murphy Brian T Johnston Harry Comber Jim Mc Guigan John V Reynolds Liam J Murray | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，10： | 5 |
| 6 | Recurrent ectopic pancreatitis of the jejunum and mesentery over a 30-year period显示文摘BACKGROUND:Ectopic pancreas is defined as pancreatic tissue found outside its usual anatomical position,with no ductal or vascular communication with the native pancreas. We describe a case of ectopic pancreas of the small bowel and mesentery causing recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, initially suspected on computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP),and confirmed on histological review of the resection. METHODS:A 67-year-old woman presented with clinical symptoms and biochemical evidence of pancreatitis.She had similar episodes over the past 30 years with unrevealing investigations,and was concluded to have idiopathic pancreatitis. She underwent CT and MRCP,with findings suggestive of ectopic pancreas,a diagnosis confirmed on histology of the resection. RESULTS:MRCP identified a mass in the proximal small bowel mesentery isointense to the native pancreas,with a small duct draining into a proximal jejunal loop.The resected specimen consisted of normal parenchyma with lobulated acinar tissue with scattered islets of Langerhans,an occasional ductular structure,and admixed areas of adipose tissue.The patient remained asymptomatic with normal biochemistry six months post-operatively. CONCLUSION:In an individual with abdominal pain,elevated serum amylase/lipase,but imaging findings of a normal native pancreas,ectopic pancreatitis should be considered,and can be evaluated by CT and MRCP. | John CT Wong Charlotte Robinson Edward C Jones Alison Harris Charles Zwirewich Robert Wakefield Richard K Simons Eric M Yoshida | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，2： | 4 |
| 7 | A Global Perspective on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Consensus Statement of the World Gastroenterology Organisation Summit Task Force on Irritable Bowel Syndrome显示文摘 | Eamonn M. M. Quigley Hussein Abdel-Hamid Giovanni Barbara Shobna J. Bhatia Guy Boeckxstaens Roberto De Giorgio Michel Delvaux Douglas A. Drossman Amy E. Foxx-Orenstein Francisco Guarner Kok-Ann Gwee Lucinda A. Harris A. Pali S. Hungin Richard H. Hunt John | 2012 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2012，，5： | 4 |
| 8 | Extramural vascular invasion and response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: influence of the CpG island methylator phenotype显示文摘AIM To identify whether Cp G island methylator phenotype(CIMP) is predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NACRT) and outcomes in rectal cancer.METHODS Patients undergoing NACRT and surgical resection for rectal cancer in a tertiary referral centre between 2002-2011 were identified. Pre-treatment tumour biopsies were analysed for CIMP status(high, intermediate or low) using methylation specific PCR. KRAS and BRAF status were also determined using pyrosequencing analysis. Clinical information was extracted from case records and cancer services databases. Response to radiotherapy was measured by tumour regression scores determined uponhistological examination of the resected specimen. The relationship between these molecular features, response to NACRT and oncological outcomes were analysed.RESULTS There were 160 patients analysed with a median followup time of 46.4 mo. Twenty-one(13%) patients demonstrated high levels of CIMP methylation(CIMP-H) and this was significantly associated with increased risk of extramural vascular invasion(EMVI) compared with CIMP-L [8/21(38%) vs 15/99(15%), P = 0.028]. CIMP status was not related to tumour regression after radiotherapy or survival, however EMVI was significantly associated with adverse survival(P < 0.001). Intermediate CIMP status was significantly associated with KRAS mutation(P = 0.01). There were 14(9%) patients with a pathological complete response(pC R) compared to 116(73%) patients having no or minimal regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Those patients with pC R had median survival of 106 mo compared to 65.8 mo with minimal regression, although this was not statistically significant(P = 0.26). Binary logistic regression analysis of the relationship between EMVI and other prognostic features revealed, EMVI positivity was associated with poor overall survival, advanced 'T' stage and CIMP-H but not nodal status, age, sex, KRAS mutation status and presence of local or systemic recurrence.CONCLUSION We report a novel association of pre-treatment characterisation of CIMP-H with EMVI status which has prognostic implications and is not readily detectable on pre-treatment histological examination. | Jeremy Stuart Williamson Huw Geraint Jones Namor Williams Anthony Paul Griffiths Gareth Jenkins John Beynon Dean Anthony Harris | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，5： | 4 |
| 9 | Machine learning models compared to existing criteria for noninvasive prediction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-confirmed choledocholithiasis显示文摘Background and aims:Noninvasive predictors of choledocholithiasis have generally exhibited marginal performance characteristics.We aimed to identify noninvasive independent predictors of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)-confirmed choledocholithiasis and accordingly developed predictive machine learning models(MLMs).Methods:Clinical data of consecutive patients undergoing first-ever ERCP for suspected chol-edocholithiasis from 2015 to 2019 were abstracted from a prospectively-maintained database.Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis.MLMs were then trained to predict ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis using pre-ERCP ultrasound(US)imaging only as well as using all available noninvasive imaging(US,computed tomography,and/or magnetic reso-nance cholangiopancreatography).The diagnostic performance of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE)“high-likelihood”criteria was compared to MLMs.Results:We identified 270 patients(mean age 46 years,62.2%female,73.7%Hispanic/Latino,59%with noninvasive imaging positive for choledocholithiasis)with native papilla who underwent ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis,of whom 230(85.2%)were found to have ERCP-confirmed chol-edocholithiasis.Logistic regression identified choledocholithiasis on noninvasive imaging(odds ratio(OR)¼3.045,P¼0.004)and common bile duct(CBD)diameter on noninvasive imaging(OR¼1.157,P¼0.011)as predictors of ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis.Among the various MLMs trained,the random forest-based MLM performed best;sensitivity was 61.4%and 77.3%and specificity was 100%and 75.0%,using US-only and using all available imaging,respectively.ASGE high-likelihood criteria demonstrated sensitivity of 90.9%and specificity of 25.0%;using cut-points achieving this specificity,MLMs achieved sensitivity up to 97.7%.Conclusions:MLMs using age,sex,race/ethnicity,presence of diabetes,fever,body mass index(BMI),total bilirubin,maximum CBD diameter,and choledocholithiasis on pre-ERCP noninvasive imaging predict ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis with good sensitivity and specificity and outperform the ASGE criteria for patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. | Camellia Dalai John M Azizian Harry Trieu Anand Rajan Formosa C Chen Tien Dong Simon W Beaven James H.Tabibian | 2021 | Liver Research2021，5，4： | 3 |
| 10 | The Effect of Restaging Transurethral Resection on Recurrence and Progression Rates in Patients with Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated with Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin显示文摘 | John P. Sfakianos Philip H. Kim A. Ari Hakimi Harry W. Herr | 2014 | The Journal of Urology2014，，2： | 2 |
| 11 | Metals emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles equipped with advanced PM and NO X emission controls显示文摘 | Shaohua Hu Jorn D. Herner Martin Shafer William Robertson James J. Schauer Harry Dwyer John Collins Tao Huai Alberto Ayala | 2009 | Atmospheric Environment2009，，18： | 2 |
| 12 | Ulcerative colitis neoplasia is not associated with common IBD SNPs显示文摘 | Tara M. Connelly Arthur S. Berg Leonard R. Harris David L. Brinton John P. Hegarty Susan M. Deiling David B. Stewart Walter A. Koltun | 2014 | Surgery2014，，： | 2 |
| 13 | MicroRNAs Are Differentially Expressed in Ulcerative Colitis and Alter Expression of Macrophage Inflammatory Peptide-2α显示文摘 | Feng Wu Michelle Zikusoka Anil Trindade Themistocles Dassopoulos Mary L. Harris Theodore M. Bayless Steven R. Brant Shukti Chakravarti John H. Kwon | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，： | 2 |
| 14 | 汞污染渔业的恢复显示文摘本文中,我们综合了有关生态系统无机汞(Hg)载荷变化与鱼体内甲基汞(MeHg)浓度之间联系的现有信息。尽管人们普遍假定水生生态系统汞载荷的增加导致鱼体内甲基汞浓度的增加,验证这一假定的定量数据尚很有限。这里,我们研究了源于一系列出处的现有证据:关于被工业排放物污染的生态系统的研究;关于鱼类甲基汞对大气载荷的响应的观测资料;跨越空间和环境梯度的研究以及实验操作。本文概述了目前对从汞载荷到鱼体甲基汞的运输和转化所涉及的主要过程的了解情况。还结合影响与鱼体内甲基汞响应的时机和大小有关的汞循环和生物积累的其他因素探讨了汞载荷的作用。所得出的主要结论是,汞载荷的变化(增加或减少)将引起鱼体内甲基汞的反应,这种反应的时间和大小将根据生态系统特有的变量和所添加的汞的形态而变化。 | John Munthe R. A. (Drew) Bodaly Brian A. Branfireun Charles T. Driscoll Cynthia C. Gilmour Reed Harris Milena Horvat Marc Lucotte Olaf Malm 林宝法(译) | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Sarcopenia: An Undiagnosed Condition in Older Adults. Current Consensus Definition: Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences. International Working Group on Sarcopenia显示文摘 | Roger A. Fielding Bruno Vellas William J. Evans Shalender Bhasin John E. Morley Anne B. Newman Gabor Abellan van Kan Sandrine Andrieu Juergen Bauer Denis Breuille Tommy Cederholm Julie Chandler Capucine De Meynard Lorenzo Donini Tamara Harris Aimo Kannt F | 2011 | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association2011，，4： | 2 |
| 16 | Logistics capability, logistics outsourcing and firm performance in an e-commerce market显示文摘 | Jay Joong-Kun Cho John Ozment Harry Sink | 2008 | International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management2008，，5： | 2 |
| 17 | Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: A prospective, multicenter study显示文摘 | Martin L. Freeman James A. DiSario Douglas B. Nelson M.Brian Fennerty John G. Lee David J. Bjorkman Carol S. Overby Johannes Aas Michael E. Ryan Gary S. Bochna Michael J. Shaw Harry W. Snady Robert V. Erickson Joseph P. Moore Joseph P. Roel | 2001 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2001，，4： | 2 |
| 18 | MicroRNAs Are Differentially Expressed in Ulcerative Colitis and Alter Expression of Macrophage Inflammatory Peptide-2α显示文摘 | Feng Wu Michelle Zikusoka Anil Trindade Themistocles Dassopoulos Mary L. Harris Theodore M. Bayless Steven R. Brant Shukti Chakravarti John H. Kwon | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，5： | 2 |
| 19 | Spontaneous recovery from micronodular cirrhosis: Evidence for incomplete resolution associated with matrix cross-linking显示文摘 | Razao Issa Xiaoying Zhou Christothea M. Constandinou Jonathan Fallowfield Harry Millward-Sadler Marianna D.A. Gaca Emma Sands Ibnauf Suliman Nathan Trim Andreas Knorr Michael J.P. Arthur R.Christopher Benyon John P. Iredale | 2004 | Gastroenterology2004，，7： | 2 |
| 20 | Platelets: Linking Hemostasis and Cancer显示文摘 | Shashank Jain John Harris Jerry Ware | 2010 | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology2010，，12： | 1 |
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