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| 1 | 美国国立神经疾病和卒中研究所-加拿大卒中网血管性认知障碍统一标准显示文摘背景和目的:1/3的个体会罹患卒中和(或)痴呆,而且,除卒中或痴呆外,2倍于此数的人会出现认知障碍。常用的卒中量表并不能评价认知功能,而痴呆的诊断标准则集中在认知障碍的晚期阶段,且在很大程度上偏向Alzheimer病(AD)的诊断。尚缺乏普遍公认的标准用于识别和描述存在认知障碍的个体,尤其是在早期阶段,而且特别是与血管因素有关的认知障碍或血管性认知障碍。方法:美国国立神经疾病和卒中研究所(MINDS)与加拿大卒中网(CSN)召集临床诊断、流行病学、神经心理学、脑影像学、神经病理学、试验模型、生物标记物、遗传学和临床试验方面的研究人员,为血管性认知障碍的描述和研究推荐一些最低限度的常用的临床和研究标准。结果:将这些讨论的结果发表于此。结论:一个统一标准的制定代表着使用、确认和改进过程中的第一步。使用相同的标准将有助于在认知障碍的早期阶段识别患者,使不同的研究具有可比性,并且通过整合知识来加速研究进展的步伐。 | Vladimir Hachinski Costantino Iadecola Ron C.Petersen Monique M.Breteler David L.Nyenhuis Sandra E.Black William J.Powers Charles DeCarli Jose G.Merino Raj N.Kalaria Harry V.Vinters David M.Holtzman Gary A.Rosenberg Martin Dichgans John R.Marler Gabrielle G.Leblanc 李焰生(译) 俞羚(译) 高枚春(译) 张静芳(译) 熊昕丽(译) 邹静(译) 林岩(译) 潘元美(译) | 2007 | 国际脑血管病杂志2007，15，1： | 63 |
| 2 | 肛裂临床诊治指南(第三次修订)显示文摘“美国结直肠外科医师协会(American Societyof ColonandRectal Surgeons.ASCRS)”(协会)致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高,给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成员组成。该委员会的建立是为了引领国际结直肠和肛门疾病诊治的发展,以建立具有循证医学证据的临床诊疗指南。指南是涵盖性的,非指令性的,目的是为临床决策提供信息,而非具体的治疗方法。指南适用于所有相关的医护人员以及希望得到相应指南中疾病的相关诊治信息的患者。 | Farshid Araghizadeh ~ Robin Boushey Sridhar Chalasani George Chang Robert Cima Gary Dunn Daniel Feingold Philip Fleshner Daniel Geisler Jill Genua Sharon Gregorcyk Daniel Herzig Andreas Kaiser Ravin Kumar David Larson Steven Mills John Monson P. Terry Phang Feza Remzi David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Peter Senatore Elin Sigurdson Thomas Stahl Scott Steele Scott Strong Charles Tement Judith Trudel Madhulika Varnna Martin Weiser 丁义江(译) 皇甫少华(译) 丁曙晴(译) | 2013 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2013，16，7： | 70 |
| 3 | Historically significant events in the discovery of RANK/RANKL/OPG显示文摘After it was suggested 30 years ago that the osteoblast lineage controlled the formation of osteoclasts, methods were developed that established this to be the case, but the molecular controls were elusive. Over more than a decade much evidence was obtained for signaling mechanisms that regulated the production of a membrane- bound regulator of osteoclastogenesis, in the course of which intercellular communication in bone was revealed in its complexity. The discovery of regulation by tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families was made in the last few years of the twentieth century, leading since then to a new physiology of bone, and to exciting drug development. | T John Martin | 2013 | World Journal of Orthopedics2013，4，4： | 21 |
| 4 | Changing trends in the mortality rate at 1-year post hip fracture-a systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND Traditionally, the mortality rate at 1-year post hip fracture was quoted as approximately 30% of all hip fractures. There have been recent improvements in hip fracture care in the main driven by national hip fracture registries with reductions in 30-d mortality rates reported.AIM To address recent 1-year post hip fracture mortality rates in the literature.METHODS Systematic literature review, national hip fracture registries/databases, local studies on hip fracture mortality, 5 years limitation(2013-2017), cohorts > 100,studies in English. Outcome measure: Mortality rate at 1-year post hip fracture.RESULTS Recent 1-year mortality rates were reviewed using the literature from 8 National Registries and 36 different countries. Recently published 1-year mortality rates appear lower than traditional figures and may represent a downward trend.CONCLUSION There appears to be a consistent worldwide reduction in mortality at 1-year post hip fracture compared to previously published research. Globally, those which suffer hip fractures may currently be benefiting from the results of approximately 30 years of national registries, rigorous audit processes and international collaboration. The previously quoted mortality rates of 10% at 1-mo and 30% at 1-year may be outdated. | Colum Downey Martin Kelly John F Quinlan | 2019 | World Journal of Orthopedics2019，10，3： | 17 |
| 5 | Cyclooxygenase-2 and epithelial growth factor receptor up-regulation during progression of Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma显示文摘瞄准:在整个 Barretts 食管的前进调查 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 ) 和上皮的生长因素受体(EGFR ) 的表示() 。方法:COX-2 和 EGFR 蛋白质表情被使用免疫检测组织化学的方法。详细 cytomorphological 改变的 A 是坚定的。COX-2 和 EGFR 表示的区域被使用计算机成像系统确定。结果:COX-2 和 EGFR 的表情与前进一起增加了从到食管腺癌(EAC ) 。积极关联在 COX-2 表示和 EGFR 表示之间被发现。结论:COX-2 和 EGFR 可能在逐步的前进从是合作的到 EAC,从而导致致癌作用。 | Yan Li John M Wo Mukunda B Ray Whitney Jones Ruifeng R Su Susan Ellis Robert C G Martin | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，6： | 14 |
| 6 | Plant xylem hydraulics:What we understand,current research,and future challenges显示文摘Herein we review the current state-of-the-art of plant hydraulics in the context of plant physiology,ecology, and evolution, focusing on current and future research opportunities. We explain the physics of water transport in plants and the limits of this transport system,highlighting the relationships between xylem structure and function. We describe the great variety of techniques existing for evaluating xylem resistance to cavitation. We address several methodological issues and their connection with current debates on conduit refilling and exponentially shaped vulnerability curves. We analyze the trade-offs existing between water transport safety and efficiency. We also stress how little information is available on molecular biology of cavitation and the potential role of aquaporins in conduit refilling. Finally,we draw attention to how plant hydraulic traits can be used for modeling stomatal responses to environmental variables and climate change, including drought mortality. | Martin D. Venturas John S. Sperry Uwe G. Hacke | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2017，59，6： | 12 |
| 7 | 这项临床试验完成注册了吗?——国际医学杂志编辑委员会声明显示文摘 | Catherine De Angelis Jeffrey M. Drazen Frank A. Frizelle Charlotte Haug John Hoey Richard Horton Sheldon Kotzin Christine Laine Ana Marusic A. John P.M. Overbeke Torben V.Schroeder Harold C. Sox Martin B. Van Der Weyden 刁骧(译) 孙丁(审校) 秦莉(审校) | 2006 | 中国循证医学杂志2006，6，4： | 11 |
| 8 | 平台经济的崛起显示文摘大数据、新算法和云计算的普遍应用会改变工作性质和经济结构,但这场变革的本质却决定于我们在社会。 | Martin Kenney John Zysman 贾开 | 2016 | 经济导刊2016，，6： | 9 |
| 9 | Near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node detection in gastric cancer: A pilot study显示文摘AIM: To investigate feasibility and accuracy of nearinfrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green: nanocolloid for sentinel lymph node(SLN) detection in gastric cancer.METHODS: A prospective, single-institution, phaseI feasibility trial was conducted. Patients suffering from gastric cancer and planned for gastrectomy were included. During surgery, a subserosal injection of 1.6 m L ICG:Nanocoll was administered around the tumor. NIR fluorescence imaging of the abdominal cavity was performed using the Mini-FLARE? NIR fluorescence imaging system. Lymphatic pathways and SLNs were visualized. Of every detected SLN, the corresponding lymph node station, signal-to-background ratio and histopathological diagnosis was determined. Patients underwent standard-of-care gastrectomy. Detected SLNs outside the standard dissection planes were also resected and evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Four patients were excluded because distant metastases were found during surgery or due to technical failure of the injection. In 21 of the remaining 22 patients, at least 1 SLN was detected by NIR Fluorescence imaging(mean 3.1 SLNs; range 1-6). In 8 of the 21 patients, tumor-positive LNs were found. Overall accuracy of the technique was 90%(70%-99%; 95%CI), which decreased by higher p T-stage(100%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 0% for respectively Tx, T1, T2, T3, T4 tumors). All NIR-negative SLNs were completely effaced by tumor. Mean fluorescence signal-to-background ratio of SLNs was 4.4(range 1.4-19.8). In 8 of the 21 patients, SLNs outside the standard resection plane were identified, that contained malignant cells in 2 patients.CONCLUSION: This study shows successful use of ICG:Nanocoll as lymphatic tracer for SLN detection in gastric cancer. Moreover, tumor-containing LNs outside the standard dissection planes were identified. | Quirijn RJG Tummers Leonora SF Boogerd Wobbe O de Steur Floris PR Verbeek Martin C Boonstra Henricus JM Handgraaf John V Frangioni Cornelis JH van de Velde Henk H Hartgrink Alexander L Vahrmeijer | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，13： | 9 |
| 10 | Functional Characterization and RNAi-Mediated Suppression Reveals Roles for Hexose Transporters in Sugar Accumulation by Tomato Fruit显示文摘Hexoses 积累到高集中(200 ? 公里) 在西红柿的存储实质房间水果。Hexoses 作为进口韧皮部的蔗糖的水解作用产品从水果 apoplasm 被采购。三 hexose transporters (LeHT1, LeHT2, LeHT3 ) ,在水果存储实质房间表示了,可以由这些房间贡献 hexose 举起。他们的全身的序列的分析证明所有三 transporters 属于 monosaccharide transporters 的 STP 亚科本地化到血浆膜。LeHT1 的 Heterologous 表示(并且以前 LeHT2,齿轮等, 2000 ) ,然而并非 LeHT3,救了 hexose 损害运输的酵母异种当在葡萄糖上涨了时或象唯一的碳来源果糖。生物化学地, LeHT1,同样到 LeHT2,与高亲密关系的 glucose/H+ symporter 一致的展出运输性质。显著地, LeHT1 和 LeHT2 也与水果纸巾的与那些同量的明显的 Km 价值作为低亲密关系的 fructose/H+ symporters 工作了。在所有 LeHT 基因由的水果表示层次的实质的减小(8090%)调停 RNAi 击倒在水果 hexose 累积引起了 55% 减少。相反,由来源叶子的 photoassimilate 生产和到水果的韧皮部运输能力由 transporter 是未受影响的击倒。一起,这些调查结果证明 LeHTs 玩在在西红柿水果开发期间驾驶 hexoses 的累积进存储实质房间给角色调音。 | David W. McCurdy Stephen Dibley Ricky Cahyanegara Antony Martin John W. Patrick | 2010 | Molecular Plant2010，3，6： | 7 |
| 11 | Evaluating alternative stem cell hypotheses for adult corneal epithelial maintenance显示文摘In this review we evaluate evidence for three different hypotheses that explain how the corneal epithelium is maintained. The limbal epithelial stem cell(LESC)hypothesis is most widely accepted. This proposes that stem cells in the basal layer of the limbal epithelium, at the periphery of the cornea, maintain themselves and also produce transient(or transit) amplifying cells(TACs). TACs then move centripetally to the centre of the cornea in the basal layer of the corneal epithelium and also replenish cells in the overlying suprabasal layers. The LESCs maintain the corneal epithelium during normal homeostasis and become more active to repair significant wounds. Second, the corneal epithelial stem cell(CESC) hypothesis postulates that, during normal homeostasis, stem cells distributed throughout the basal corneal epithelium, maintain the tissue. According to this hypothesis, LESCs are present in the limbus but are only active during wound healing. We also consider a third possibility, that the corneal epithelium is maintained during normal homeostasis by proliferation of basal corneal epithelial cells without any input from stem cells. After reviewing the published evidence, we conclude that the LESC and CESC hypotheses are consistent with more of the evidence than the third hypothesis, so we do not consider this further. The LESC and CESC hypotheses each have difficulty accounting for one main type of evidence so we evaluate the two key lines of evidence that discriminate between them. Finally, we discuss how lineage-tracing experiments have begun to resolve the debate in favour of the LESC hypothesis. Nevertheless, it also seems likely that some basal corneal epithelial cells can act as long-term progenitors if limbal stem cell function is compromised. Thus, this aspect of the CESC hypothesis may have a lasting impact on our understanding of corneal epithelial maintenance, even if it is eventually shown that stem cells are restricted to the limbus as proposed by the LESC hypothesis. | John D West Natalie J Dorà J Martin Collinson | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，2： | 6 |
| 12 | Effects of dietary threonine:lysine ratioes and sanitary conditions on performance, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma-free threonine and lysine of weaned pigs显示文摘Two 21 d-experiments were conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible(SID)threonine:lysine ratio(Thr:Lys) for weaned piglets reared under clean(Exp. 1) or unclean(Exp. 2) sanitary conditions and fed antibiotic-free diets. In each experiment, 90 mixed-sex pigs(Duroc × [Yorkshire × Landrace]; initial BW 7.2 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments each with 6 replicates(3 pigs per pen). The dietary treatments were 5 graded levels of SID Thr:Lys(55,59, 63, 67 and 71%). Diets were corn-wheat-soybean meal-based with a constant SID Lys of 1.18% that was set to be second limiting amino acid. In Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, plasma-free Thr increased(P = 0.05) with increasing dietary SID Thr:Lys. In Exp. 1, the SID Thr:Lys for gain-to-feed ratio(G:F) was optimized at 65%.In Exp. 2, the estimated optimal SID Thr:Lys for overall G:F was 66.5%. In conclusion, an average optimal SID Thr:Lys of 65 and 66.5% could be used to optimize feed efficiency for weaned pigs under clean and unclean sanitary conditions, respectively. | Balachandar Jayaraman John Htoo Charles Martin Nyachoti | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，4： | 6 |
| 13 | Role of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A review显示文摘Human papillomavirus(HPV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. As a result, traditional paradigms in relation to the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been changing. Research into HPVrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is rapidly expanding, however many molecular pathological and clinical aspects of the role of HPV remain uncertain and are the subject of ongoing investigation. A detailed search of the literature pertaining to HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was performed and information on the topic was gathered. In this article, we present an extensive review of the current literature on the role of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in relation to epidemiology, risk factors, carcinogenesis, biomarkers and clinicalimplications. HPV has been established as a causative agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and biologically active HPV can act as a prognosticator with better overall survival than HPV-negative tumours. A distinct group of younger patients with limited tobacco and alcohol exposure have emerged as characteristic of this HPV-related subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis are not completely understood and further studies are needed to assist development of optimal prevention and treatment modalities. | Robbie SR Woods Esther M O'Regan Susan Kennedy Cara Martin John J O'Leary Conrad Timon | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，6： | 5 |
| 14 | Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: A prospective, multicenter study显示文摘 | Martin L. Freeman James A. DiSario Douglas B. Nelson M.Brian Fennerty John G. Lee David J. Bjorkman Carol S. Overby Johannes Aas Michael E. Ryan Gary S. Bochna Michael J. Shaw Harry W. Snady Robert V. Erickson Joseph P. Moore Joseph P. Roel | 2001 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2001，，4： | 5 |
| 15 | 临床证据(14) 急性肾衰竭显示文摘背景知识 定义 急性肾衰竭(ARF)是指肾小球滤过率突然和持续性下降,导致尿素和其他化学物质在血液中堆积。目前还没有清晰一致的生化学定义,但多数研究的定义为血清肌酐(Scr)2~3mg/dL(200-250 μmol/L),在Scr基础值小于2 mg/dL(170μmol/L)时,升高0.5 mg/dL(45μmol/L) | John Kellum Martine Leblanc Ramesh Venkataraman 陈旻 | 2003 | 英国医学杂志中文版2003，6，3： | 5 |
| 16 | Diet,ageing and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of diverticular disease显示文摘Diverticular disease(DD) is an age-related disorder of the large bowel which may affect half of the population over the age of 65 in the UK.This high prevalence ranks it as one of the most common bowel disorders in western nations.The majority of patients remain asymptomatic but there are associated life-threatening co-morbidities, which, given the large numbers of people with DD, translates into a considerable number of deaths per annum.Despite this public health burden, relatively little seems to be known about either the mechanisms of development or causality.In the 1970s, a model of DD formulated the concept that diverticula occur as a consequence of pressureinduced damage to the colon wall amongst those with a low intake of dietary fiber.In this review, we have examined the evidence regarding the influence of ageing, diet, inflammation and genetics on DD development.We argue that the evidence supporting the barotrauma hypothesis is largely anecdotal.We have also identified several gaps in the knowledge base which need to be filled before we can complete a model for the etiology of diverticular disease. | Daniel Martin Commane Ramesh Pulendran Arasaradnam Sarah Mills John Cummings Mathers Mike Bradburn | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，20： | 5 |
| 17 | A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom显示文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years. | Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 5 |
| 18 | Complement:a global immunometabolic regulator in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis显示文摘Recently,McDonald et al.(2020)proposed that complement causes a metabolic switch to lipid consumption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),which raises the possibility of complement as a global immunometabolic regulator.In ALS,neuromuscular degeneration occurs concurrently with complement-mediated inflammation,glucose intolerance,and elevated lipid consumption.Moreover,complement is being increasingly recognized as a metabolic regulator that can induce insulin resistance and alter fuel source selection.Thus,the authors propose that chronic complement activation may be driving metabolic reprogramming in ALS,which has broad implications for the field of immunometabolism and would be the first mechanistic explanation of the“lipid switch”in ALS.Specifically,it suggests that complement can drive a global shift in resources during inflammation,in which glucose is redirected from peripheral tissues to immune cells to support their inflammatory actions. | Martin W.Lo John D.Lee | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，6： | 4 |
| 19 | 西藏多龙矿集区热构造演化历史——来自磷灰石(U-Th)/He的证据显示文摘西藏多龙矿集区是西藏最重要的斑岩-浅成低温热液型矿集区。多龙矿集区经历了多期次的构造抬升-剥蚀事件,成矿后的埋藏-剥蚀历史对矿体的保存至关重要。本文运用磷灰石(U-Th)/He数据对多龙矿集区的低温热年代学进行研究。磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄平均值分布在85. 1±4. 0Ma到37. 9±2. 5Ma,记录了晚白垩世到古新世、始新世、渐新世的热-构造事件。热历史模拟显示,多龙矿集区主要经历4次冷却事件:Ⅰ) 100~75Ma,冷却速率约为4℃/Myr,剥速率约为0. 16km/Myr,与班公湖-怒江洋的闭合以及拉萨-羌塘地块的碰撞事件有关;Ⅱ) 75~45Ma,冷却速率约为0. 3℃/Myr,剥蚀速率约为0. 01km/Myr,与拉萨-羌塘地块的继续碰撞事件以及由碰撞作用引起的逆冲推覆构造事件有关;Ⅲ) 45~30Ma,冷却速率约为2℃/Myr,剥蚀速率约为0. 08km/Myr,与印度-欧亚大陆的碰撞抬升事件有关;Ⅳ) 30Ma至今,冷却速率约为1℃/Myr,剥蚀速率约为0. 04km/Myr,与渐新世以来印度-欧亚大陆的持续碰撞作用以及渐新世以来青藏高原发育的频繁构造事件有关。多龙矿集区斑岩-浅成低温热液型矿床形成后在强烈的隆升-剥蚀的环境下保存下来,得益于早白垩世美日切错组火山岩的覆盖,由拉萨-羌塘地块碰撞作用引起的逆冲推覆构造引起的上部地层加厚,以及印度-欧亚大陆碰撞事件在多龙矿集区产生的相对较弱的破坏效应。拉萨-羌塘地块碰撞作用引起的地层加厚对多龙矿集区矿床起主要的保护作用。 | 杨欢欢 宋扬 DILLES John H SOUSA Francis DANI?íK Martin 杨超 | 2019 | 岩石学报2019，35，3： | 4 |
| 20 | Decreased Levels of Plasma Vitamin C and Increased Concentrations of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers After Stroke显示文摘 | Concepción Sánchez-Moreno John F. Dashe Tammy Scott David Thaler Marshal F. Folstein Antonio Martin | 2004 | Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association2004，，1： | 4 |
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