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| 1 | Is changing footstrike pattern beneficial to runners?显示文摘Some researchers, running instructors, and coaches have suggested that the 'optimal' footstrike pattern to improve performance and reduce running injuries is to land using a mid-or forefoot strike. Thus, it has been recommended that runners who use a rearfoot strike would benefit by changing their footstrike although there is little scientific evidence for suggesting such a change. The rearfoot strike is clearly more prevalent. The major reasons often given for changing to a mid-or forefoot strike are(1) it is more economical;(2) there is a reduction in the impact peak and loading rate of the vertical component of the ground reaction force; and(3) there is a reduction in the risk of a running-related injuries. In this paper,we critique these 3 suggestions and provide alternate explanations that may provide contradictory evidence for altering one's footstrike pattern.We have concluded, based on examining the research literature, that changing to a mid-or forefoot strike does not improve running economy, does not eliminate an impact at the foot-ground contact, and does not reduce the risk of running-related injuries. | Joseph Hamill Allison H.Gruber | 2017 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2017，6，2： | 5 |
| 2 | 动态系统理论的概念与技术在生物力学分析中的应用(英文)显示文摘Traditional biomechanical analyses of human movement are generally derived from linear mathematics.While these methods can be useful in many situations,they do not describe behaviors in human systems that are predominately nonlinear.For this reason,nonlinear analysis methods based on a dynamical systems approach have become more prevalent in recent literature.These analysis techniques have provided new insights into how systems(1) maintain pattern stability,(2) transition into new states,and(3) are governed by short-and long-term(fractal) correlational processes at different spatio-temporal scales.These different aspects of system dynamics are typically investigated using concepts related to variability,stability,complexity,and adaptability.The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast these different concepts and demonstrate that,although related,these terms represent fundamentally different aspects of system dynamics.In particular,we argue that variability should not uniformly be equated with stability or complexity of movement.In addition,current dynamic stability measures based on nonlinear analysis methods(such as the finite maximal Lyapunov exponent) can reveal local instabilities in movement dynamics,but the degree to which these local instabilities relate to global postural and gait stability and the ability to resist external perturbations remains to be explored.Finally,systematic studies are needed to relate observed reductions in complexity with aging and disease to the adaptive capabilities of the movement system and how complexity changes as a function of different task constraints. | Richard E.A.van Emmerik Scott W.Ducharme Avelino C.Amado Joseph Hamill | 2016 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2016，5，1： | 2 |
| 3 | 前脚掌着地和后脚跟着地跑步中的冲击震动频率成分及衰减(英文)显示文摘背景:研究显示,与脚后跟着地跑步模式相比,前脚掌着地跑步模式可通过降低冲击相关参数来降低引发跑步相关的过劳性损伤的风险。但现有研究仅比较了不同着地模式冲击参数的时域部分。由于冲击震动的频率成分和衰减度可能对损伤风险及预防非常重要,因此本研究旨在探究后脚跟着地和前脚掌着地跑步者的头部和胫骨加速信号功率以及冲击衰减方面的差别。方法:选取惯用后脚跟和前脚掌着地的跑步者各19名,让其按照各自习惯使用的着地模式,以3.5m/s的速度在跑步机上跑步,收集其胫骨和头部加速数据,计算第1和第2个头部加速峰值的量级和胫骨正向加速度峰值。计算各个信号的功率谱密度来转换头部加速度的频域部分,用相当于胫骨的头部信号的转换函数计算冲击衰减。结果:后脚跟着地时胫骨的正向加速度峰值和信号功率在较低和较高的范围内明显大于前脚掌着地(p<0.05)。第1和第2个头部加速度峰值和头部信号功率在两种跑步模式下均无明显差异(p>0.05)。后脚跟着地跑步模式下,由于胫骨加速度增大,冲击衰减度在较低和较高的范围内均会增大(p<0.05)。结论:不同跑步模式冲击震动频率成分不同,说明衰减的主要机制有差异。虽然冲击衰减机制和运动损伤间的关系尚不清晰,但因冲击成分不同,也许两种跑步模式都无法有效避免损伤,不同模式中的持续损伤类型各不相同。 | Allison H.Gruber Katherine A.Boyer Timothy R.Derrick Joseph Hamill | 2014 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2014，3，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Modelling the influence of inulin as a fat substitute in comminuted meat products on their physico-chemical characteristics and eating quality using a mixture design approach显示文摘 | Derek F. Keenan Virginia C. Resconi Joseph P. Kerry Ruth M. Hamill | 2014 | Meat Science2014，，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Differences in Kinetics,Kinematics and Muscle Activation Strategies in Male and Female Team Sport Athletes During Unanticipated Sidestepping显示文摘Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare kinetics,kinematics and muscle activation strategies between male and female collegiate level athletes during unanticipated sidestepping tasks to further the understanding of sex-specific differ-ences in injury incidence and their potential influence on ACL injury risk.Methods Three-dimensional kinematics,ground reaction forces and surface electromyography of eight lower limb muscles were recorded during unanticipated sidestepping in 20 male soccer and 17 female field hockey National Collegiate Athlet-ics Association Division 1 athletes.Trunk,hip and knee kinematics,knee joint moments,total muscle activation(TMA:knee,gluteal,quadriceps,hamstrings and gastrocnemii)and directed co-contraction ratios(DCCR)were compared between groups with two-sample t tests.Results No sex differences were observed for peak frontal and transverse plane knee moments(P>0.05),however males had 10%greater knee flexion moments(P=0.047).Females had lower hip flexion and abduction and greater hip internal rota-tion angles than males likely concomitant with the 30%reduction in gluteal TMA(P<0.05).Females had lower quadriceps TMA during pre-contact and weight acceptance and higher hamstrings TMA during weight acceptance(P<0.05).Group averages for DCCR were not representative of individual patterns,where the majority of males were quadriceps dominant compared with females.Conclusions Female and male team sport athletes display similar frontal and transverse plane knee moments,however their ability to support/counter the load applied(i.e.,muscle activations strategies)to the knee joint differed. | Gillian Weir Mirra Stillman Richard van Emmerik Hannah Wyatt Carl Jewell Joseph Hamill | 2019 | Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise2019，1，2： | 0 |
| 6 | Footfall patterns of a runner with an Achilles tendon rupture显示文摘Purpose: This study aims to compare the load and the length of previously ruptured and healthy Achilles tendon(AT) of a recreational runner who used different footfall patterns on each limb during running.Methods: A 41-year-old recreational athlete with a ruptured AT participated in this report. Two force plates and a high-speed motion capture system were used to collect ground reaction force and kinematic data in shod and barefoot running conditions. AT length was measured using ultrasonography and an infrared camera system. AT force was estimated as the active plantar flexion moment divided by AT moment arm during stance phase.Results: The participant used a rearfoot pattern on the affected limb and a forefoot/midfoot pattern on the unaffected limb during shod running,and a forefoot/midfoot pattern during barefoot running. There was no difference between the length of the affected and the unaffected AT. During shod running, the maximal AT force and loading rate were lower in the affected AT versus the unaffected AT. During barefoot running, the affected maximal AT force and loading rate were greater than the unaffected AT.Conclusion: Footfall patterns can be an adaptation to reduce the loading on a previously injured AT. It appears that runners may consider using a rearfoot footfall pattern during running to reduce the stress on the AT. | Daniel Jandacka David Zahradnik Roman Farana Jaroslav Uchytil Joseph Hamill | 2017 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2017，6，4： | 0 |
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