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| 1 | Gastroenterology in developing countries:Issues and advances显示文摘Developing countries shoulder a considerable burden of gastroenterological disease. Infectious diseases in particular cause enormous morbidity and mortality. Diseases which afflict both western and developing countries are often seen in more florid forms in poorer countries. Innovative techniques continuously improve and update gastroenterological practice. However, advances in diagnosis and treatment which are commonplace in the West, have yet to reach many developing countries. Clinical guidelines, based on these advances and collated in resource-rich environments,lose their relevance outside these settings. In this two-part review, we first highlight the global burden of gastroenterological disease in three major areas: diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis B, and Helicobacter pylori . Recent progress in their management is explored, with consideration of future solutions. The second part of the review focuses on the delivery of clinical services in developing countries. Inadequate numbers of healthcare workers hamper efforts to combat gastroenterological disease. Reasons for this shortage are examined, along with possibilities for increased specialist training. Endoscopy services, the mainstay of gastroenterology in the West, are in their infancy in many developing countries. The challenges faced by those setting up a service are illustrated by the example of a Nigerian endoscopy unit. Finally, we highlight the limited scope of many clinical guidelines produced in western countries. Guidelines which take account of resource limitations in the form of 'cascades' are advocated in order to make these guidelines truly global. Recognition of the different working conditions facing practitioners worldwide is an important step towards narrowing the gap between gastroenterology in rich and poor countries. | Kate L Mandeville Justus Krabshuis Nimzing Gwamzhi Ladep Chris JJ Mulder Eamonn MM Quigley Shahid A Khan | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，23： | 8 |
| 2 | Conserving Rajaji and Corbett National Parks the Elephant as a Flagship Species显示文摘 | A J Johnsingh Justus Joshua | 1994 | Oryx:J Fauna Flora Soc1994，28，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Methods for estimating wind speed frequency distributions显示文摘 | Justus C G HargravesWR Mikhail A etal | 1978 | Journal of Applied Meteorology1978，17，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Cat IgA,representative of new carbohydrate cross-reactiveallergens显示文摘 | Justus A | 2007 | Allergy Clin Immunology2007，119，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Using the ovarian vein to find the ovary显示文摘 | Govil S Justus A | 2006 | Abdom Imaging2006，31，： | 1 |
| 6 | Methods for estimating wind speed frequency distributions显示文摘 | JUSTUS C G HARGRAVES W R MIKHAIL A | 1978 | Journal of Applied Meteorology1978，17，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Methods for estimating wind speed frequency distributions 显示文摘 | Justus C G Hargraves W R Mikhail A | 1978 | Journal of Applied Meteorology1978，17，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Physiological responses in sons of alcoholics显示文摘 | P R Finn A Justus | 1997 | Alcohol health and research world1997，，21： | 1 |
| 9 | Thermal-defocusing/seattering optical limiter 显示文摘 | JUSTUS B L CAMPILLO A J HUSTON A L | 1994 | Optics Letters1994，19，9： | 1 |
| 10 | Methods for Estimating Wind Speed Frequency Distributions显示文摘 | JUSTUS C G HARGRAVES W R MIKHAIL A | 1978 | Journal of Applied Meteorology1978，17，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Catalytic performances of silicotungstic acid/zirconia supported SBA-15in an esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic acid显示文摘 | Sawant D P Vinu A Justus J | 2007 | J Mol Catal A-Chem2007，276，： | 1 |
| 12 | Magnetic resonance cholangiograpby as sole preoperative determinant of respectability in hilar cholangiocarcinoma 显示文摘 | Govil S Justus A Korah I | 1997 | Indian J Gastroenterol1997，16，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Using the ovarian vein to find the ovary 显示文摘 | Govil S Justus A | 2006 | Abdom Imaging2006，31，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Prevalence of high-risk HPV types and associated genital diseases in women born in 1988/1989 or 1983/1984 results of WOLVES, a popula- tion-based epidemiological study in wolfsburg, germany 显示文摘 | Petry KU Luyten A Justus A | 2013 | BMC Infect Dis2013，13，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Magnetic resonance cholangiog-raphy as sole preoperative determinant of respectability in hilar cholangiocarcinoma 显示文摘 | Govil S Justus A Korah I | 1997 | Lndian J Gastroenterol1997，16，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Prevalence of high-risk HPV types and associated genital diseases in women born in 1988/89 or 1983/84--results of WOLVES,a population-based epidemiological study in Wolfsburg,Germany显示文摘 | Petry KU Luyten A Justus A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Methods for estimating wind speed frequency distributions显示文摘 | Justus C G Hargraves W R Mikhail A | 1978 | Journal of Applied Meteorology1978，17，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Nonlinear optical properties of quantum-confined GaAs nanocrystals in vycor glass显示文摘 | Justus B L Tonucel R J Berry A D | 1992 | Appl Phys Lett1992，61，26： | 1 |
| 19 | Using the ovarian vein to find the ovary显示文摘 | Govil S Justus A | 2006 | Abdom Imaging2006，319，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Methods for estimating wind speed frequeney distributions 显示文摘 | Justus C G Hargraves W R Mikhail A | 1978 | Journal of Ap- plied Meteorology1978，17，3： | 1 |
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