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| 1 | Effect of Phenolation, Lignin-Type and Degree of Substitution on the Properties of Lignin-Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Impregnation Resins: Molecular Weight Distribution, Wetting Behavior, Rheological Properties and Thermal Curing Profiles显示文摘Here,the effects of substituting portions of fossil-based phenol in phenol formaldehyde resin by renewable lignin from two different sources are investigated using a factorial screening experimental design.Among the resins consumed by the wood-based industry,phenolics are one of the most important types used for impregnation,coating or gluing purposes.They are prepared by condensing phenol with formaldehyde(PF).One major use of PF is as matrix polymer for decorative laminates in exterior cladding and wet-room applications.Important requirements for such PFs are favorable flow properties(low viscosity),rapid curing behavior(high reactivity)and sufficient self-adhesion capacity(high residual curing potential).Partially substituting phenol in PF with bio-based phenolic co-reagents like lignin modifies the physicochemical properties of the resulting resin.In this study,phenol-formaldehyde formulations were synthesized where either 30%or 50%(in weight)of the phenol monomer were substituted by either sodium lignosulfonate or Kraft lignin.The effect of modifying the lignin material by phenolation before incorporation into the resin synthesis was also investigated.The resins so obtained were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red(FTIR)spectroscopy,Size Exclusion Chromatography(SEC),Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC),rheology,and measurements of contact angle and surface tension using the Wilhelmy plate method and drop shape analysis. | Marion Thébault Larysa Kutuzova Sandra Jury Iris Eicher Edith-Martha Zikulnig-Rusch Andreas Kandelbauer | 2020 | Journal of Renewable Materials2020，8，6： | 2 |
| 2 | Model-free kinetic analysis of melamine-formaldehyde resin cure 显示文摘 | Kandelbauer A Wuzella G Mahendran A | 2009 | Chemical Engineering Journal2009，152，： | 1 |
| 3 | Laccase applications in the forest products industry:a review显示文摘 | Widsten P Kandelbauer A | 2008 | Enzyme and Microbial Technology2008，42，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Biotransformation of phenolics with laccase containing bacterial spores显示文摘 | C. Held A. Kandelbauer M. Schroeder A. Cavaco-Paulo G. M. Guebitz | 2005 | Environmental Chemistry Letters2005，，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Modification of Melamine - Formaldehyde Resins by Substances from Renewable Resources 显示文摘 | Mart Kohlmayr Gerhard Zuckersttter Andreas Kandelbauer | 2012 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2012，124，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Impregnated Paper-Based Decorative Laminates Prepared from Lignin-Substituted Phenolic Resins显示文摘High Pressure Laminates(HPL)panels consist of stacks of self-gluing paper sheets soaked with phenol-formaldehyde(PF)resins.An important requirement for such PFs is that they must rapidly penetrate and saturate the paper pores.Partially substituting phenol with bio-based phenolic chemicals like lignin changes the physico-chemical properties of the resin and affects its ability to penetrate the paper.In this study,PF formulations containing different proportions of lignosulfonate and kraft lignin were used to prepare paper-based laminates.The penetration of a Kraft paper sheet was characterized by a recently introduced,new device measuring the conductivity between both sides of the paper sheet after a drop of resin was placed on the surface and allowed to penetrate the sheet.The main target value measured was the time required for a specific resin to completely penetrate the defined paper sample(“penetration time”).This penetration time generally depends on the molecular weight distribution,the flow behavior and the polarity of the resin which in turn are dependent on the manufacturing conditions of the resin.In the present study,the influences of the three process factors:(1)type of lignin material used for substitution,(2)lignin modification by phenolation and(3)degree of phenol substitution on the penetration times of various lignin-phenolic hybrid impregnation resins were studied using a complete twolevel three-factorial experimental design.Thin laminates made with the resins diluted in methanol were mechanically tested in terms of tensile and flexural strains,and their cross-sections were studied by light microscopy. | Marion Thébault Ya Li Christopher Beuc Stephan Frömel-Frybort Edith-Martha Zikulnig-Rusch Larysa Kutuzova Andreas Kandelbauer | 2020 | Journal of Renewable Materials2020，8，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Indigo degradation with purified laccases from Trametes hirsute and Sclerotium rolfiii 显示文摘 | Campos R Kandelbauer A Robra K H | 2001 | Journal of Biotechnology2001，89，： | 1 |
| 8 | Model-free kinetic analysis of melamine-formaldehyde resin cure显示文摘 | Kandelbauer A Wuzella G Mahendran A | 2009 | Chemical Engineering Journal2009，152，23： | 1 |
| 9 | Laccase application in the forest prod ucts industry:a review显示文摘 | WIDSTEIN P KANDELBAUER A | 2008 | Enzyme and Microbial Technology2008，42，： | 1 |
| 10 | On the performance of a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin for decorative paper coatings显示文摘 | KANDELBAUER A PETEK P MEDVED S | 2010 | European Journal of Wood and Wood Products2010，68，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Indigo degradation withpurified laccases from trametes hirsuta and sclerotium rolfsii显示文摘 | Campos R Kandelbauer A Robra K H | 2001 | Journal of Biotechnology2001，89，： | 1 |
| 12 | Indigo degradation with purified laccases from trametes hir- suta and sclerotium rolfsii 显示文摘 | CAMPOS R KANDELBAUER A ROBRA K H | 2001 | Journal of Biotechnology2001，89，： | 1 |
| 13 | Indigo degradation with purified laccases from Trametes hirsuta and Sclerotium rolfsii显示文摘 | Campos R Kandelbauer A Robra K H | 2001 | Journal of Biotechnology2001，89，23： | 1 |
| 14 | Biotransformation of phenolics with laccase containing bacterial spores 显示文摘 | Held C Kandelbauer A Schroeder M | 2005 | Environ Chem Lett2005，3，： | 1 |
| 15 | Laccase applications in theforest products industry:a review显示文摘 | WIDSTEN P KANDELBAUER A | 2008 | Enzyme and MicrobialTechnology2008，42，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Adhesion improvement of lignocellulosic products by enzymatic pre-treatment显示文摘 | Widsten P Kandelbauer A | 2008 | Biotechnology Advances2008，26，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Modification of melamine-formaldehyde resins by substances from renewable resources 显示文摘 | Martin Kohlmay Gerhard Zuckerstatter Andreas Kandelbauer | 2012 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2012，124，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Testing by fourier transform infrared species variation during melamineureaformaldehyde resin preparation显示文摘 | Kandelbauer A Despres A Pizzi A | 2007 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2007，106，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Indigo degradation with purified laccases from Trametes hirsuta and Sclerotium rol fsii显示文摘 | CAMPOS R KANDELBAUER A ROBRA K H | 2001 | Journal of Biotechnology2001，89，： | 1 |
| 20 | Biotransformation of phenolics with laccase containing bacterial spores显示文摘 | Held C Kandelbauer A Schroeder M | 2005 | Environ Chem Lett2005，，3： | 1 |
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