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| 1 | Helicobacter pylori vs coronary heart disease-searching for connections显示文摘In this review,we discussed the findings and concepts underlying the potential role of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infections in the initiation,development or persistence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease(CHD).This Gram-negative bacterium was described by Marshall and Warren in 1984.The majority of infected subjects carries and transmits H.pylori with no symptoms; however,in some individuals these bacteria may cause peptic ulcers,and even gastric cancers.The widespread prevalence of H.pylori infections and the fact that frequently they remain asymptomatic may suggest that,similarly to intestinal microflora,H.pylori may deliver antigens that stimulate not only local,but also systemic inflammatory response.Recently,possible association between H.pylori infection and extragastric disorders has been suggested.Knowledge on the etiology of atherosclerosis together with current findings in the area of H.pylori infections constitute the background for the newly proposed hypothesis that those two processes may be related.Many research studies confirm the indirect association between the prevalence of H.pylori and the occurrence of CHD.According to majority of findings the involvement of H.pylori in this process is based on the chronic inflammation which might facilitate the CHDrelated pathologies.It needs to be elucidated,if the infection initiates or just accelerates the formation of atheromatous plaque. | Magdalena Chmiela Adrian Gajewski Karolina Rudnicka | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，4： | 33 |
| 2 | Immune-modulating therapy in acute pancreatitis:Fact or fiction显示文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP) is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract,bearing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Current treatment of AP remains unspecific and supportive and is mainly targeted to aggressively prevent systemic complications and organ failure by intensive care.As acute pancreatitis shares an indistinguishable profile of inflammation with sepsis,therapeutic approaches have turned towards modulating the systemic inflammatory response.Targets,among others,have included pro- and antiinflammatory modulators,cytokines,chemokines,immune cells,adhesive molecules and platelets.Even though,initial results in experimental models have been encouraging,clinical implementation of immuneregulating therapies in acute pancreatitis has had a slow progress.Main reasons include difficulty in clinical translation of experimental data,poor understanding of inflammatory response time-course,flaws in experimental designs,need for multimodal approaches and commercial drawbacks.Whether immune-modulation in acute pancreatitis remains a fact or just fiction remains to be seen in the future. | Karolina Akinosoglou Charalambos Gogos | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 17 |
| 3 | Structural modifications of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide:An idea for how to live in peace显示文摘In this review,we discuss the findings and concepts underlying the'persistence mechanisms'of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),a spiral-shaped,Gram-negative rod bacterium that was discovered as a gastric pathogen by Marshall and Warren in 1984.H.pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of nearly half of the human population.Infections appear in early childhood and,if not treated,persist for life.The presence or absence of symptoms and their severity depend on multiple bacterial components,host susceptibility and environmental factors,which allow H.pylori to switch between pathogenicity and commensalism.Many studies have shown that H.pylori components may facilitate the colonization process and the immune response of the host during the course of H.pylori infection.These H.pylori-driven interactions might result from positive or negative modulation.Among the negative immunomodulators,a prominent position is occupied by a vacuolating toxin A(VacA)and cytotoxin-associated gene A(CagA)protein.However,in light of the recent studies that are presented in this review,it is necessary to enrich this panel with H.pylori lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Together with CagA and VacA,LPS suppresses the elimination of H.pylori bacteria from the gastric mucosa by interfering with the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells,diminishing the inflammatory response,and affecting the adaptive T lymphocyte response,thus facilitating the development of chronic infections.The complex strategy of H.pylori bacteria for survival in the gastric mucosa of the host involves both structural modifications of LPS lipid A to diminish its endotoxic properties and the expression and variation of Lewis determinants,arranged in O-specific chains of H.pylori LPS.By mimicking host components,this phenomenon leaves these bacteria'invisible'to immune cells.Together,these mechanisms allow H.pylori to survive and live for many years within their hosts. | Magdalena Chmiela Karolina Rudnicka Eliza Miszczyk | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，29： | 15 |
| 4 | Helicobacter pylori upregulates prion protein expression in gastric mucosa: A possible link to prion disease显示文摘AIM: Pathological prion protein (PrPSC) is responsible for the development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). While PrPc enters the organism via the oral route, less data is available to know about its uptake and the role of gastrointestinal inflammation on the expression of prion precursor PrPc, which is constitutively expressed in the gastric mucosa.METHODS: We studied PrPc expression in the gastric mucosa of 10 Helicobacter pylori-positive patients before and after successful H pylori eradication compared to non-infected controls using RT-PCR and Western blotting.The effect of central mediators of gastric inflammation,i.e., gastrin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) on PrPc expression was analyzed in gastric cell lines.RESULTS: PrPc expression was increased in H pyloriinfection compared with non-infected controls and decreased to normal after successful eradication. Gastrin,PGE2, and IL-1β dose-dependently upregulated PrPc in gastric cells, while TNF-α had no effect.CONCLUSION: H pylori infection leads to the upregulation of gastric PrPc expression. This can be linked to H pylori induced hypergastrinemia and increased mucosal PGE2 and IL-1β synthesis.H pylori creates a milieu for enhanced propagation of prions in the gastrointestinal tract. | Peter C Konturek Karolina Bazela Vitally Kukharskyy Michael Bauer Eckhart G Hahn Detlef Schuppan | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，48： | 9 |
| 5 | T-regulatory lymphocytes in peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients显示文摘AIM: To assess the absolute number of T-regulatory cells (Tregs; CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in the peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: We enrolled 70 cancer patients (33 gastric cancer, 37 colorectal cancer) and 17 healthy volunteers. The CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in the peripheral blood were analyzed with flow cytometry. The absolute numbers of Tregs were calculated based on the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells percent-age of CD3+CD4+ cells and the absolute numbers of CD3+CD4+ cells per microliter. RESULTS: The mean number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells per microliter in colorectal cancer patients was 15.7 (SD: 21.8), for gastric cancer patients 12.2 (SD: 14.3), and for controls 17.5 (SD: 11.4). The absolute number of Tregs was significantly lower in gastric cancer patients than in controls (P = 0.026). There was no statistically significant difference for gastric vs colorectal cancer or colorectal cancer vs controls. The absolute number of Tregs was also significantly depressed in N+ vs Ncancer patients [22.0 (27.7) vs 10.1 (9.0), P = 0.013], and in the subgroup of gastric cancer patients [30.3 (27.6) vs 9.6 (8.0), P = 0.003]. No statistical difference was observed in the proportion of Tregs in the CD4+ population between the groups. CONCLUSION: The absolute number of Tregs in peripheral blood of gastric cancer but not colorectal cancer patients was significantly decreased in comparison with that in healthy controls. | Antoni M Szczepanik Maciej Siedlar Marek Sierzega Dominika Goroszeniuk Karolina Bukowska-Strakova Antoni Czupryna Jan Kulig | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，3： | 5 |
| 6 | 熔炼低品位电子废料中铜的湿法冶金选择性回收显示文摘比较从低品位电工电子废料中选择性回收铜的3种湿法冶金方法。首先将废料熔炼成Cu-Zn-Sn-Ag合金,并采用SEM-EDS和XRD进行表征。对合金进行阳极溶解,首先采用氨溶液和硫酸溶液对合金进行电沉积或在氨-硫酸铵溶液中浸出,然后进行电沉积铜。实现了各种金属分离,Pb、Ag和Sn等沉积在阳极泥中,而铜则转移至电解液中并在阴极上还原析出。最佳的处理条件为在硫酸溶液中浸出,获得的最终产品为高纯Cu(99%),电流效率为90%。采用氨浸出可使Cu离子富集在电解液中,利于后续的电沉积,但是自发溶解的速率较低。在氨-硫酸铵溶液中进行阳极溶解不利于各种金属在阳极泥、电解液和阴极沉积物进行分离。 | Ewa RUDNIK Karolina KOLCZYK Dawid KUTYLA | 2015 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2015，25，8： | 4 |
| 7 | Trace Elements in Leccinum scabrum Mushrooms and Topsoils from K odzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland显示文摘In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks (Leccinum scabrum) mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains (Sudetes) in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the K odzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at < 1.0 μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at ~1.0 μg/g dw; Cd at < 5 μg/g dw; Cu and Mn at > 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at ~100 μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at 100 to 500 μg/g dw, Mg at ~1,000 μg/g dw; P at ~5,000 μg/g dw and K at ~30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied highly depending on chemical element and were >1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while <1 for Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively. | ZHANG Dan ZHANG Yu MORAWSKA Ewa BIELAWSKI Leszek KRASINSKA Grazyna DREWNOWSKA Ma gorzata PANKAVEC Sviatlana SZYMANSKA Karolina FALANDYSZ Jerzy | 2013 | Journal of Mountain Science2013，10，4： | 4 |
| 8 | Shape control over microwave hydrothermally grown Y2O3:Eu by europium concentration adjustment显示文摘Two-step synthesis of Y2O3:Eu nanostructures was performed.It includes microwave driven hydrothermal and calcination stages.Performed route results in crystallization of Y4O(OH)g(NO3):Eu crystals initially,then Y2O3:Eu crystals after calcination.Arranged Eu contents in relation to overall cation quantity were set to 2 mol%,10 mol%and 20 mol%.Varying europium concentrations influence habit of obtained Y4O(OH)g(NO3):Eu crystals from needle-like to plate-like and as a result,also shapes of final Y2O3:Eu nanostructures.Additionally,certain amount of Eu2+ions was detected in as-grown material using laser spectroscopy and decay kinetics measurements.Obtained material was calcined at 1200°C in the air,which results in oxidation of Eu2+ions and crystallization of small number of cubic EU2 O3 nanocrystals.Characterization of obtained materials was performed using XRD,SEM,TEM,EDX,CL,Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. | Jaroslaw Kaszewski Julita Rosowska Bartlomiej S.Witkowski Lukasz Wachnicki Karolina Wenelska Ewa Mijowska Lev-Ivan Bulyk Damian Wlodarczyk Andrzej Suchocki Boleslaw Kozankiewicz Marek Godlewski | 2019 | Journal of Rare Earths2019，37，11： | 3 |
| 9 | “一带一路”和“16+1”合作下中波农产品现状显示文摘波兰因其优越的地理位置使其成为'一带一路'、'16+1'合作中重要的角色。文章主要分析了中国与波兰1995年、2005年和2016年的农业基本概况和农产品生产指数以及加强两国农业经济合作的必要性。 | 王培文 Karolina Pawlak | 2019 | 中国集体经济2019，0，32： | 3 |
| 10 | 肠道子宫内膜异位症诊断和治疗的新观点显示文摘子宫内膜异位症是一种主要影响育龄妇女的慢性疾病。部分肠道子宫内膜异位症患者可能是无症状的,除了不孕之外,有部分患者表现为各种各样的症状,如排便习惯改变(便秘或腹泻)、排便困难、痛经和性交痛等。迄今为止,对于疑似有肠道受累的子宫内膜异位症患者,尚无明确的评估指南。目前的检查手段包括经阴道或经直肠超声检查、核磁共振成像和气钡双重对比造影。不同的检查方法可提供更多的信息,包括是否存在病灶、病灶的位置和累及的范围等,确保患者充分了解病情,同时也可对术前计划进行优化。如需手术治疗,应由经验丰富的医生在有多学科护理条件的中心进行手术。治疗应根据患者的症状和意愿进行调整,目的是尽可能切除所有病灶的同时保留器官的功能。本综述将讨论肠道子宫内膜异位症诊断和处理的最新观点。 | 梁炎春 韦雅婧 杨如玉 姚书忠(译/审校) Nassir Habib Gabriele Centini Lucia Lazzeri Nicola Amoruso Lionel El Khoury Errico Zupi Karolina Afors | 2020 | 国际妇产科学杂志2020，47，6： | 3 |
| 11 | Dissecting the multifactorial nature of demyelinating disease显示文摘Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4(CSPG4) is a surface component of two key cell types(oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs) and myeloid cells) present in lysolecithin-induced lesions in mouse spinal cord.Two types of CSPG4 manipulations have been used to study the roles of these cells in myelin damage and repair:(1) OPC and myeloid-specific ablation of CSPG4,and(2) transplantation of enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)-labeled progenitors to distinguish between bone marrow-derived macrophages and resident microglia.Ablation of CSPG4 in OPCs does not affect myelin damage,but decreases myelin repair,due to reduced proliferation of CSPG4-null OPCs that diminishes generation of mature oligodendrocytes for remyelination.Ablation of CSPG4 in myeloid cells greatly decreases recruitment of macrophages to spinal cord lesions,resulting in smaller initial lesions,but also in significantly diminished myelin repair.In the absence of macrophage recruitment,OPC proliferation is greatly impaired,again leading to decreased generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes.Macrophages may promote OPC proliferation via phagocytosis of myelin debris and/or secretion of factors that stimulate OPC mitosis.Microglia are not able to substitute for macrophages in promoting OPC proliferation.An additional feature of lesions in myeloid-specific CSPG4 null mice is the persistence of poorly-differentiated platelet-derived growth factor receptor α(PDGFRα) + macrophages that may prolong damage. | Karolina Kucharova William B.Stallcup | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Multiple factors correlating with wing malformations in the population of Parnassius apollo (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) restituted from a low number of individuals: A mini review显示文摘The Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus), was common in Europe over 100 years ago, but currently it is considered as near threatened. Different conservation programs have promoted the persistence of this species;however, it is still endangered. An example of such programs was the action devoted to reestablish the Apollo butterfly population in Pieniny National Park (Poland) from only 20-30 individuals which had survived till the last decade of the 20th century. This reintroduction has been successful;however, unexpected developmental problems appeared. Butterflies with deformed or reduced wings became frequent in the population living in the natural habitat, and particularly among those reared under seminatural conditions (in the same environment, but fenced by a net). Until recently, reasons for these malformations remained unknown. However, reports published during last months indicated that there are genetic, biochemical, and microbiological factors contributing to this phenomenon. In the malformed individuals, lesions in the wingless gene and dysfunctions of laccase 1 and 2 were found to be significantly more frequent than in normal insects. A large fraction of butterflies with deformed or reduced wings was devoid of the prokaryotic symbiont Wolbachia, which was present in most normal individuals. Moreover, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Pfeiffer) Smith and Thai, and Serratia sp., bacteria pathogenic to insects, were detected in the biological material from both normal and malformed butterflies from this population. These findings are summarized and discussed in this review, in the light of conservation of insects and restitution of their populations from a low number of individuals. | Karolina Pierzynowska Marta Skowron Volponi Grzegorz Wegrzyn | 2019 | Insect Science2019，26，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Near-infrared benzodiazoles as small molecule environmentally-sensitive fluorophores显示文摘The development of fluorophores emitting in the near-infrared spectral window has gained increased attention given their suitable features for biological imaging.In this work,we have optimised a general and straightforward synthetic approach to prepare a small library of near-infrared-emitting C-bridged nitrobenzodiazoles using commercial precursors.C-bridged benzodiazoles have low molecular weight and neutral character as important features that are not common in most nearinfrared dyes.We have investigated their fluorescence response in the presence of a wide array of 60 different biomolecules and identified compound 3i as a potential chemosensor to discriminate between Fe2+and Fe^(3+)ions in aqueous media. | Fabio de Moliner Ina Biazruchka Karolina Konsewicz Sam Benson Suraj Singh Jun-Seok Lee Marc Vendrell | 2022 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2022，16，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Correlations between skin lesions induced by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α and selected cytokines in Crohn's disease patients显示文摘AIM:To investigate the correlation between the appearance of skin lesions and concentration of interleukin(IL)-17A,IL-23 and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in Crohn’s disease(CD)patients during anti-tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)therapy METHODS:A prospective study included 30 adult patients with CD of Caucasian origin(19 men and 11women;mean age±SD 32.0±8.6 years)during biological therapy with anti-TNF-αantibodies from January2012 to March 2013.Eighteen patients were treated with infliximab,seven with adalimumab and five withcertolizumab.Inclusion criteria were exacerbation of the underlying disease,Crohn’s Disease Activity Index over 300 and the ineffectiveness of previously used non-biological therapies.Patients with a history of psoriasis,atopic dermatitis and other autoimmune skin lesions were excluded from the study.The control group consisted of 12 healthy subjects.A diagnostic survey was carried out,blood tests and careful skin examination were performed,and the serum levels of IL-17,IL-23 and IFN-γwere measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays technique.Dermatoses that have developed in the course of biological therapy in patients who had no pre-existing skin lesions of similar character were qualified as skin lesions induced by antiTNF-αtherapy.RESULTS:Skin manifestations occurred in 18 of CD patients during the anti-TNF-αtherapy(60%),in the average time of 10.16±3.42 mo following the beginning of the 52-wk treatment cycle.Skin lesions observed in CD patients during biological therapy included psoriasiform lesions(44.4%),and eczema forms lesions(22.2%).In CD patients with drug induced skin lesions significantly higher levels of hemoglobin(13.3±1.5 g/dL vs 10.8±1.9 g/dL,P=0.018)and hematocrit(39.9%±4.5%vs 34.3%±5.4%,P=0.01),as well as a significantly lower level of platelets(268±62×103/μL vs 408±239×103/μL,P=0.046)was observed compared with CD patients without skin manifestations.The concentrations of IL-17A and IL-23in CD patients with skin lesions developed under antiTNF-αtherapy were significantly higher compared to those in patients without lesions(IL-17A:39.01±7.03pg/mL vs 25.71±4.90 pg/mL,P=0.00004;IL-23:408.78±94.13 pg/mL vs 312.15±76.24 pg/mL,P=0.00556).CONCLUSION:Skin lesions in CD patients during bio-logical therapy may result from significantly increased concentrations of IL-17A and IL-23,which are strongly associated with TNF-α/Th1 immune pathways. | Marcin Wodarczyk Aleksandra Sobolewska Bartosz Wójcik Karolina Loga Jakub Fichna Maria Wisniewska-Jarosińska | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，22： | 2 |
| 15 | Interrelationship between soil depth and soil properties of Pieniny National Park forest(Poland)显示文摘The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between soil biota such as microbial activity,soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms and enchytraeids),and soil physical and chemical properties.The study area was located in Pieniny National Park(PNP)in the Carpathian Mountains in southern Poland.Soil samples were collected from six forest monitoring areas of PNP from two soil layers(at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm down,respectively).The investigated soils were classified to eutric cambisols and had silt or silt loam soil texture.Upon analysis,soil aggregate stability index was connected with other physical,chemical,and biological soil properties.It was noted that the stability index of 3 mm to 5 mm soil aggregates influenced pH and dissolved organic carbon.The stability index of 2 mm to 3 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon,soil moisture,microbial biomass carbon,total organic carbon,total nitrogen,and enchytraeid density,and negatively correlated with bulk density,particle density,porosity,and permanent wilting point.The stability index of 1 mm to 2 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with total nitrogen,enchytraeid and earthworm density and negatively correlated with particle density,porosity,and permanent wilting point.The study has shown what factors create a stable soil structure in the forest soils of PNP. | Justyna SOKO?OWSKA Agnieszka JóZEFOWSKA Karolina WO?NICA Tomasz ZALESKI | 2019 | Journal of Mountain Science2019，16，7： | 2 |
| 16 | Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis Identifies a Prominent Gene Involved in the Production of Fatty Acid-Derived Flavor Volatiles in Tomato显示文摘到进在西红柿的类脂化合物新陈代谢的基因规定的获得卓见,我们进行了跟随水果果皮和茄属 pennellii 基因渗入的叶织物介绍的 lipidomic 的分析衬里的新陈代谢的特点 loci (mQTL )(IL ) 。提高为选择水果特定的 mQTL 印射分辨率,我们在独立地导出的 S 的一个子集介绍了类脂化合物。pennellii 回交生来的线,以及在 near-isogenic sub-IL ? 人口。我们识别了控制班 III 脂肪分解酵素家庭, LIP1 和 LIP2 的几类脂化合物,和二个成员的层次的通常认为的 lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase,那与 diacylglycerols (DAG ) 和 triacylglycerols (标签) 的减少的层次被联系。这个班的脂肪分解酵素从 acylglycerols 的甘油脊梁劈开丰满的酸。释放的丰满的酸用作风味 volatiles 的先锋。我们证明那 LIP1 表情与丰满的导出酸的不稳定的层次相关。我们进一步用转基因的植物在标签和 DAG 故障和不稳定的合成证实 LIP1 的功能。一起拿,我们的学习广泛地在西红柿描绘了脂性的混合物的基因建筑学并且在分子的水平证明从甘油脊梁的免费的丰满的酸的版本能在下游地不稳定的合成上有主要影响。 | Karolina Garbowicz Zhongyuan Liu Saleh Alseekh Denise Tieman Mark Taylor Anastasiya Kuhalskaya Itai Ofner Dani Zamir Harry J. Klee Alisdair R. Fernie Yariv Brotman | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，9： | 2 |
| 17 | Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Beginning Early in Life on the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease显示文摘 | Brian A. Ference Wonsuk Yoo Issa Alesh Nitin Mahajan Karolina K. Mirowska Abhishek Mewada Joel Kahn Luis Afonso Kim Allan Williams John M. Flack | 2012 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2012，，25： | 2 |
| 18 | Perception of privacy and data protection in the context of the development of artificial intelligence显示文摘Customer privacy perception and the principles of its regulatory protection determine how the tech sector is operating,striking a new balance between economic winners and losers.Nevertheless,not all countries that are leaders in the latest technologies are strongly in favor of flexible and pro-business regulations.This can be clearly seen in the field of artificial intelligence(AI).Self-regulation as a key strategic approach to AI may be seen as an essential factor of broader implementation of AI solutions.The purpose of this paper is to present approaches to AI while indicating the differences that result from the understanding of privacy,increasing customers privacy concerns and regulations related to data privacy which come together with official administrative strategies.The impact of AI implementation on relationships between customers and companies has been emphasized and analyzed in the context of regulations and customer perception of privacy. | Grzegorz Mazurek Karolina Małagocka | 2019 | Journal of Management Analytics2019，6，4： | 2 |
| 19 | In search of FDI-transmitted R&D spillovers: A study based on Swedish data显示文摘 | Henrik Braconier Karolina Ekholm Karen Helene Midelfart Knarvik | 2001 | Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv2001，，4： | 2 |
| 20 | Effect of CD14/TLR4 antagonist on GnRH/LH secretion in ewe during central inflammation induced by intracerebroventricular administration of LPS显示文摘Background: Immune stress induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) influences the gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)/luteinizing hormone(LH) secretion. Presence of LPS interacting Toll-like receptor(TLR) 4 in the hypothalamus may enable the direct action of LPS on the GnRH/LH secretion. So, the aim of the study was to investigate the influence of intracerebroventricular(icv) injection of TLR4 antagonist on GnRH/LH secretion in anestrous ewes during LPS-induced central inflammation. Animals were divided into three groups icv-treated with: Ringer-Locke solution, LPS and TLR4 antagonist followed by LPS.Results: It was demonstrated that TLR4 antagonist reduced LPS-dependent suppression of GnRH gene expression in the preoptic area and in the medial basal hypothalamus, and suppression of receptor for GnRH gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland. It was also shown that TLR4 antagonist reduced suppression of LH release caused by icv injection of LPS. Central administration of LPS stimulated TLR4 gene expression in the medial basal hypothalamus.Conclusions: It was indicated that blockade of TLR4 prevents the inhibitory effect of centrally acting LPS on the GnRH/LH secretion. This suggests that some negative effects of bacterial infection on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity at the hypothalamic level may be caused by central action of LPS acting through TLR4. | Karolina Haziak Andrzej Przemyslaw Herman Karolina Wojtulewicz Bartosz Pawlina Kamila Paczesna Joanna Bochenek Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，4： | 2 |
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