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| 1 | Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPTiO 2 ) and microparticles (MPTiO 2 ) on the inflammatory response in the small intestine of mice. METHODS: Bl 57/6 male mice received distilled water suspensions containing TiO 2 (100 mg/kg body weight) as NPTiO 2 (66 nm), or MPTiO 2 (260 nm) by gavage for 10 d, once a day; the control group received only distilled water. At the end of the treatment the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were extracted for assessment of cytokines, inflammatory cells and titanium content. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in segments of jejunum and ileum (mucosa and underlying muscular tissue). CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were evaluated in duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples fixed in 10% formalin by immuno-histochemistry. The titanium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: We found increased levels of T CD4 + cells (cells/mm 2 ) in duodenum:NP 1240 ± 139.4, MP 1070 ± 154.7 vs 458 ± 50.39 (P < 0.01); jejunum:NP 908.4 ± 130.3, MP 813.8 ± 103.8 vs 526.6 ± 61.43 (P < 0.05); and ileum:NP 818.60 ± 123.0, MP 640.1 ± 32.75 vs 466.9 ± 22.4 (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the groups receiving TiO 2 showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-4, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β. The cytokine production was more pronounced in the ileum (mean ± SE):IL-12: NP 33.98 ± 11.76, MP 74.11 ± 25.65 vs 19.06 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05); IL-4: NP 17.36 ± 9.96, MP 22.94 ± 7.47 vs 2.19 ± 0.65 (P < 0.05); IL-23: NP 157.20 ± 75.80, MP 134.50 ± 38.31 vs 22.34 ± 5.81 (P < 0.05); TNFα: NP 3.71 ± 1.33, MP 5.44 ± 1.67 vs 0.99± 019 (P < 0.05); IFNγ: NP 15.85 ± 9.99, MP 34.08 ± 11.44 vs 2.81 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05); and TGF-β: NP 780.70 ± 318.50, MP 1409.00 ± 502.20 vs 205.50 ± 63.93 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that TiO2 particles induce a Th1-mediated inflammatory response in the small bowel in mice. | Carolina Maciel Nogueira Walter Mendes de Azevedo Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli Sérgio Hiroshi Toma AndréZonetti de Arruda Leite Maria Laura Lordello Iêda Nishitokukado Carmen Lúcia Ortiz-Agostinho Maria IrmaSeixas Duarte Marcelo Alves Ferreira Aytan Miranda Sipahi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 8 |
| 2 | Antineoplastic activity of selected constituents of Duguetia glabriuscula 显示文摘 | Matos M F Leite L I Brustolim D | 2006 | Fitoterapia2006，77，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Development of metal oxide nanoparticles with high stability against particle growth using a metastable solid solution 显示文摘 | Leite E R Maciel A P Weber I T | 2002 | Adv Mater2002，14，： | 1 |
| 4 | Kawasaki disease associated with parainfluenza type 3 virus infection 显示文摘 | Moreira A Leite I Baptista A | 2010 | Acta Dematovenerol Croat2010，18，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Etiopathogenesis and treatment of breast capsular contracture显示文摘 | Pereira Leite L Correia $6 I Marques M | 2013 | Acta Med Port2013，26，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Vanadium complexes with thiosemicarbazones:Synthesis,characterization,crystal structure and anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity显示文摘 | Pedro I da S Maia Fernando R Pavan Clarice Q F Leite | 2009 | Polyhedron2009，28，： | 1 |
| 7 | Development of metal Oxide Nanoparticles with High Stability Against Particle Growth Using a Metastable Solid Solution显示文摘 | Leite E R maciel A P Weber I T | 2002 | Adv Mater2002，14，： | 1 |
| 8 | Gene expression and enzy- marie activity of pectin methylesterase during fruit development and ripening in Coffea arabica L显示文摘 | Cacao S Leite T Budzinski I Dos S T Scholz M Carpentieri P V Domingues D Vieira L Pereira L | 2012 | Genetics and Molecular Research2012，11，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Occupational medicine in brazil 显示文摘 | I Leite LF Pereira FR | 2009 | Ccupational Medicine2009，59，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Influence of Heat Treatment on the Optical Properties of SnO2 : Sb Thin Films Deposited by Dip Coating Using Aqueous Solution 显示文摘 | Bernardi M I B Barrado C M Soledade L E B Leite E R Longo E and Varela J A | 2002 | J Mater Sci Mater in Electronics2002，13，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Prognostic factors and disease course in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from the United King- dom and Japan显示文摘 | Kitley J Leite MI Nakashima I | 2012 | Brain2012，135，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Ulcerative necrobiosis lipoidica:is there a place for anti-TNFα treatment 显示文摘 | Guedes R Leite I Baptista A | 2012 | Case Reports in Medicine2012，，85： | 1 |
| 13 | The differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis 显示文摘 | Kitley JL Leite M I George JS | 2012 | Multiple Sclerosis Journal2012，18，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Transgenic sweetpotato plants obtained by Agrobacterium tume- faciens-mediated transformation显示文摘 | Gama M I C S Leite R P J Cantliffe D J | 1996 | Plant Cell TissueOrgan Cult1996，46，3： | 1 |
| 15 | A new method to control particle size and particle size distribution of SnO2 nanoparticles for gas sensor applications显示文摘 | Leite E R Weber I T Longo E | 2000 | Advanced Materials2000，12，13： | 1 |
| 16 | Thiosemicarbazones,semicarbazones,dithiocarbazates and hydrazide/hydrazones:anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and cytotoxicity显示文摘 | PAVAN F R MAIA P I S LEITE S R A | 2010 | Eur J Med Chem2010，45，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Macrocyclic polyamines deplete cellular atp levels and inhibit cell growth in human prostate cancer cells显示文摘 | LEITE A C L SILVA K P SOUZA I A | 2004 | J Med Chem2004，47，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Impact of respiratory gating using 4-dimensional computed tomography on the dosimetry of tumor and normal tissues in patients with thoracic malignancies显示文摘 | Vlachaki M Castellon I Leite C | 2009 | Am J Clin Oncol2009，32，： | 1 |
| 19 | LevelsofBMP-6mRNA in goat ovarian follicles and in vitro effects of BMP-6 on secondary follicle development显示文摘 | Frota I M Leitāo C C Costa J J | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 20 | Voltage collapse risk assessment 显示文摘 | LEITE DA SILVA A M COUTINHO I P ZAMBRONI DE SOUZA A C | 2000 | Electr Power Syst Res2000，54，3： | 1 |
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