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| 1 | Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Europe.Because CRC is also a major cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide,a lot of research has been focused on the discovery and development of biomarkers to improve the diagnostic process and to predict treatment outcomes.Up till now only a few biomarkers are recommended by expert panels.Current TNM criteria,however,cause substantial under-and overtreatment of CRC patients.Consequently,there is a growing need for new and efficient biomarkers to ensure optimal treatment allocation.An ideal biomarker should be easily translated into clinical practice,to identify patients who can be spared from treatment or benefit from therapy,ultimately resulting in precision medicine in the future.In this review we aim to provide an overview of a number of frequently studied biomarkers in CRC and,at the same time,we will emphasize the challenges and controversies that withhold the clinical introduction of these biomarkers.We will discuss both prognostic and predictive markers of chemotherapy,aspirin therapy as well as overall therapy toxicity.Currently,only mutant KRAS,mutant BRAF,MSI and the Oncotype DXColon Cancer Assay are used in clinical practice.Other biomarker studies showed insufficient evidence to be introduced into clinical practice.Divergent patient selection criteria,absence of validation studies and a large number of single biomarker studies are possibly responsible.We therefore recommend that future studies focus on combining key markers,rather than analysing single markers,standardizing study protocols,and validate the results in independent study cohorts,followed by prospective clinical trials. | Marlies S.Reimers Eliane C.M.Zeestraten Peter J.K.Kuppen Gerrit Jan Liefers Cornelis J.H.van de Velde | 2013 | Gastroenterology Report2013，1，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Presence of a high amount of stroma and downregulation of SMAD4 predict for worse survival for stage I–II colon cancer patients显示文摘 | Wilma E. Mesker Gerrit-Jan Liefers Jan M.C. Junggeburt Gabi W. van Pelt Paola Alberici Peter J.K. Kuppen Noel F. Miranda Karin A.M. van Leeuwen Hans Morreau Karoly Szuhai Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar Hans J. Tanke | 2009 | Cellular Oncology2009，，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Lepin concentrations in relation to energy balance, milk yield intake, live weight,and estrus in dairy cows 显示文摘 | S C liefers R F Veerkamp M F W te Pas | 2003 | J Dairy Sci2003，86，： | 1 |
| 4 | Down - regulaion of p63 is required for epidermal UV - B - induced apopiosis显示文摘 | Liefer KM Koster ML Wang XJ | 2000 | Cancer Research2000，60，： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment and nitrogen supply on the yield of temperate paddy rice crops显示文摘 | Kim HY Liefering M Kobayashi K | 2003 | Field Research2003，83，： | 1 |
| 6 | A multi-faceted stra- tegy to improve the use of national fertility guidelines: a cluster- randomized controlled trial显示文摘 | Mourad S M Hermens R P Liefers J eta/ | 2011 | Hum Reprod2011，26，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Predicting the Risk of Anastomotic Leakage in Left-sided Colorectal Surgery Using a Colon Leakage Score显示文摘 | Jan Willem T. Dekker Gerrit Jan Liefers Johan C.A. de Mol van Otterloo Hein Putter Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar | 2011 | Journal of Surgical Research2011，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Down-regulation of p63 is required for epidermal UV-B-induced apoptosia 显示文摘 | Liefer KM Koster MI Wang XJ | 2000 | Cancer 1Kes2000，60，15： | 1 |
| 9 | Leptin concentrations in relation to energy balance,milk yield, intske, live weight, and estrus in dairy cows 显示文摘 | Liefers S C | 2003 | J Dairy Sci2003，86，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Genetics and physiology of leptin in periparturient dairy cows显示文摘 | Liefers SC Veerkamp RF Pas M | 2005 | Domest Anim Endocrinol2005，29，： | 1 |
| 11 | Down-regulation of p63 is required for epidermal UV-B-induced apoptosis显示文摘 | Koster MI Wang XJ | 2000 | Cancer Res2000，60，15： | 1 |
| 12 | Down-regulation of p63 is required for epider- rnal UV-indueed apoptosis 显示文摘 | Liefer KM Koster MI | 2000 | Cancer Res2000，60，15： | 1 |
| 13 | Association of leptin gene polymorphisms with serum leptin concentration in dairy cows显示文摘 | Silvia C. Liefers Marinus F. W. te Pas Roel F. Veerkamp Yves Chilliard Carole Delavaud Rosemarijn Gerritsen Tette van der Lende | 2003 | Mammalian Genome2003，，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Down-regulation of P63 is require for epidermal UVB-induced apoptosis显示文摘 | Liefer KM Koster MI Wang XJ | 2000 | Cancer Res2000，60，15： | 1 |
| 15 | Micrometastases and survival in stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer显示文摘 | Liefers GJ Cleton-Jansen AM van de Velde CJ | 1998 | N Engl J Med1998，339，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Down-regulation of p63 is required for epidermal UV-B-induced apoptosis 显示文摘 | Liefer KM Koster MI Wang X J | 2000 | Cancer Res2000，60，15： | 1 |
| 17 | Leptin concentrations in relation to energy balance, milk yield, intake, live weight, and estrus in dairy cows显示文摘 | Liefers S C Veerkamp R F Weas M F | 2003 | Dairy Sci2003，86，： | 1 |
| 18 | Association of Leptin gene polymorphisms with serum leptin concentration in dairy cows显示文摘 | Liefers S C te Pas M F W Veerkamp R F | 2003 | Mammaiian Genome2003，14，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Leptin promoter mutations affect leptin levels and performance traits in dairy cows显示文摘 | Liefers S C Veerkamp R F te Pas M F W | 2005 | Animal Genetics2005，36，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Micrometastases and survival in stage colorectal cancer显示文摘 | Liefers GJ Cleton Jansen AM Vande Velde CJ | 1998 | N Engl J Med1998，339，4： | 1 |
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