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| 1 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 2 | A double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of sertraline for depressive symptoms in patients with stable,chronic schizophrenis 显示文摘 | Mulholland C Lynch G King D J | 2003 | J Psychopharmacol2003，17，： | 1 |
| 3 | The effect of celecoxib,a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,in familial adenomatous polyposis显示文摘 | Steinbach G Lynch P M Philips R | 2000 | N Engl J Med2000，342，26： | 1 |
| 4 | Hydride Formation Rates of Titanium-Based BCC Solid Solution Alloys显示文摘 | Maeland A J Libowitz G G Lynch J F | 1984 | J Less-Common Metals1984，104，： | 1 |
| 5 | Report of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke workshop on perinatal and childhood stroke显示文摘 | Lynch JK Hirtz DG Deveber G | 2002 | Pediatrics2002，109，： | 1 |
| 6 | The effects of repetitive low frequency stimulation on control and 'poten- tiated' synaptic responses in the hippocampus显示文摘 | BARRIONUEVO G -SCHOTTLER F LYNCH G | 1980 | Life Science1980，27，24： | 1 |
| 7 | 查看详情显示文摘 | LYNCH B J ZHAO Y TRUHLAR D G | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Assessment of BLS skills, Optimizing use of instructor and manikin measures显示文摘 | LYNCH B EINSPRUCH E L NICHOL G | 2008 | Resuscitation2008，76，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Communication Effects of Advertising Versus Direct Experience When Both Search and Experience Attributes Are Present显示文摘 | WRIGHT A A LYNCH J G | 1995 | Journal of Consumer Research1995，21，3： | 1 |
| 10 | The effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in familial adenomatous polyposis 显示文摘 | Steinbach G Lynch PM Phillips RK | 2000 | N Engl J Med2000，342，26： | 1 |
| 11 | A New Potential Energy Surface for H2Br and Its Use to Calculate Branching Ratios and Kinetic Isotope Effects for the H+ HBr Reaction显示文摘 | LYNCH G C TRUHLAR D G BROWN F B | 1995 | J Phys Chem1995，，99： | 1 |
| 12 | Stable depression of potentiated synaptic responses in the hippocampus with 1-5 Hz stimula- tion显示文摘 | ST)UBLI U LYNCH G | 1990 | Brain Research1990，513，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue therapy directly modulates innate immune-mediated inflammation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘 | Hogan AE Gaoatswe G Lynch L | 2014 | Dia- betologia2014，57，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Effectiveness of a 30-min CPR self-instruction program for lay responders: a controlled randomized study显示文摘 | LYNCH B EINSPRUCH E L NICHOL G | 2005 | Resuscitation2005，67，1： | 1 |
| 15 | The growth inhibitory role and potential clinical value of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha in myeloid leukemias显示文摘 | Owen LYNCH P J Czaplewski L G Hunter M G | 1998 | Leuk Lymphoma1998，30，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Report of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop on Perinatal and Childhood Stroke显示文摘 | Lynch JK Hirtz DG Deveber G | 2002 | Pediatrics2002，109，1： | 1 |
| 17 | The Effects of Curvature on Fluid Flow Fields in Pulmonary Artery Models: Flow Visualization Studies, 显示文摘 | P G Lynch A Saylor B Ha | 1993 | J Biomech Eng (S0148-0731)1993，115，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Report of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke workshop on perinatal and child- hood stroke 显示文摘 | Lynch JK Hirtz DG DeVeber G | 2002 | Pediatrics2002，109，： | 1 |
| 19 | Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits apoptosis of spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells by regulating intracellular free calcium levels through a protein kinase Cdelta-dependent pathway显示文摘 | LYNCH K FERNANDEZ G PAPPALARDO A | 2000 | Endocrinology2000，141，： | 1 |
| 20 | Diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with high-resolution CT inpafients with little or no radiological evidence of honeycombing: secondary analysis of a randomised, controlled trial 显示文摘 | Raghu G Lynch D Godwin JD | 2014 | Lancet Respir Med2014，2，3： | 1 |
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