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| 1 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Beta-adrenergic-dependent and -independent actions of naloxone on perfusion during endotoxin shock显示文摘 | Dziki A J Lynch W H Ramsey C B | 1993 | Circ Shock1993，39，1： | 2 |
| 3 | 宰前饲粮添加丁酸钠对肥育猪肠道沙门氏菌菌落、血清阳性率及生长的影响显示文摘猪肉是人类沙门氏菌病菌的主要来源,但养殖场可以采取措施有效降低食品中这种病原菌。本试验在高度受污染的养殖场研究肥育猪宰前4个星期饲粮中添加丁酸钠是否可以控制沙门氏菌菌落。试验在2个沙门氏菌血清阳性率高的商业猪场(A和B)分别开展,猪场A有14个栏舍,每个栏舍12头猪;猪场B有12个栏舍,每个栏舍12-17头猪,每个猪场肥育猪分别随机分成对照组与试验组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加丁酸钠),试验组饲喂基础饲粮+3kg/T丁酸钠,试验期为24-28天。试验第0、12、24和28天,每头猪采集粪样,试验结束屠宰测定胴体性状,并采集血液、盲肠内容物、回盲肠/肠系膜淋巴结样品,试验过程记录试验猪初重、末重与采食量情况。猪场A,试验结束时,试验组盲肠内容物检测到沙门氏菌菌落的概率显著低于对照组(30%VS 57%,P<0.05);丁酸钠处理组具有提高增重与饲料报酬的趋势,成本收益提高0.04欧元/kg体增重。试验结果表明,在肥育猪宰前24-28天,饲粮中添加3kg/T丁酸钠在无其他病原菌协同感染的条件下能有效降低沙门氏菌菌落和血清沙门氏菌阳性率,但添加丁酸钠对肠道菌群和生产性能没有显著影响,同时沙门氏菌血清阳性率未能低于爱尔兰国家规定的最高限量标准(50%)。 | 陈芳 Walia K Argüello H Lynch H | 2017 | 广东饲料2017，26，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Change of genetic architecture in response to sex显示文摘 | DENG H W LYNCH M | 1996 | Genetics1996，143，： | 1 |
| 5 | Development of a regional climate model of the western Arctic 显示文摘 | Lynch A H Chapman W L Walsh J E | 1995 | Journal of Climate1995，8，： | 1 |
| 6 | Marked-based control of linear structural systems 显示文摘 | Lynch J P Law K H | 2002 | Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics2002，31，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Doxazosin and finasteride alone or in combination: the PREDICT study显示文摘 | Lynch T H | 2003 | BJU Int2003，91，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Studies on experimental hypertension:Production of persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure by means of renal ischemia显示文摘 | Goldblatt H Lynch J Hanzal R F Summerville W W | 1934 | J Exp Med1934，59，： | 1 |
| 9 | An investigation of boundary - forcing sensitivities in a regional climate model显示文摘 | Lynch A H Cullather R I | 2000 | Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres2000，105，26： | 1 |
| 10 | 查看详情显示文摘 | D W Yoon D E Gross V M Lynch J M Sessler B P Hay C H Lee | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Interferencebetween Raman resonances in four-wave differencemixing 显示文摘 | Lotem H Lynch Jr R Bloembergen N | 1976 | Physical Review A1976，14，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Simulation of a closed cement grinding circuit 显示文摘 | Lynch A J Oner M Benzer H | 2000 | Zement - Kalk - Gips2000，10，53： | 1 |
| 13 | Simulation of Open Circuit Clinker Grinding显示文摘 | H Benzer L Ergun A Lynch | 2001 | Minerals Engineering2001，14，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography for internal carotid artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis 显示文摘 | Debrey SM Yu H Lynch JK | 2008 | Stroke2008，39，： | 1 |
| 15 | Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice显示文摘 | Huszar D Lynch C A Fairchild H V | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 16 | Toward an integrated assessment of the impacts of extreme wind events on Barrow,Alaska显示文摘 | Lynch A H Curry J A Brunner R D | 2004 | Bulletin of American Meteorology Society2004，85，： | 1 |
| 17 | A reassessment of risk associated with dietary intake of ochratoxin A based on a life- time exposure modei显示文摘 | H aighton LA Lynch BS Magnuson BA | 2012 | Crit RevToxicol2012，42，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Simvastatin Reduces Vasospasm after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage:Results of a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial显示文摘 | Lynch J R Wang H McGirt M J | 2005 | Stroke2005，36，： | 1 |
| 19 | Climatic controls upon dust storm occurrence in eastern Australia显示文摘 | McTainsh G H Lynch A W Tews E K | 1998 | Journal of Arid Environment1998，39，： | 1 |
| 20 | Gingival overgrowth in a dog that received long-term cyclosporine for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia显示文摘 | Namikawa K Maruo T Honda M Hirata H Lynch J Madarame H | 2012 | Can Vet J2012，53，： | 1 |
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