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| 1 | Biomarkers in chronic kidney disease,from kidney function to kidney damage显示文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD) typically evolves over many years, with a long latent period when the disease is clinically silent and therefore diagnosis, evaluation and treatment is based mainly on biomarkers that assess kidney function. Glomerular filtration rate(GFR) remains the ideal marker of kidney function. Unfortunately measuring GFR is time consuming and therefore GFR is usually estimated from equations that take into account endogenous filtration markers like serum creatinine(SCr) and cystatin C(Cys C). Other biomarkers such as albuminuria may precede kidney function decline and have demonstrated to have strong associationswith disease progression and outcomes. New potential biomarkers have arisen with the promise of detecting kidney damage prior to the currently used markers. The aim of this review is to discuss the utility of the GFR estimating equations and biomarkers in CKD and the different clinical settings where these should be applied. The CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation performs better than the modification of diet in renal disease equation, especially at GFR above 60 m L/min per 1.73 m2. Equations combining Cys C and SCr perform better than the equations using either Cys C or SCr alone and are recommended in situations where CKD needs to be confirmed. Combining creatinine, Cys C and urine albumin to creatinine ratio improves risk stratification for kidney disease progression and mortality. Kidney injury molecule and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin are considered reasonable biomarkers in urine and plasma to determine severity and prognosis of CKD. | Salvador Lopez-Giacoman Magdalena Madero | 2015 | World Journal of Nephrology2015，4，1： | 30 |
| 2 | Total hip arthroplasty with use of the cementless Zweymiiller Alloclassic system:a ten to thirteen-year follow-up study显示文摘 | Garcia-Cimbrelo E Cruz-Pardos A Madero R | 2003 | J Bone Joint Surg Am2003，85，： | 1 |
| 3 | Small cell carcino- ma of the kidney: a case report and review of the literature 显示文摘 | Gonzdlez-Lois C Madero S Redondo P | 2001 | Arch Pathol Lab Med2001，125，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Uric acid and longterm outcomes in CKD显示文摘 | Madero M Sarnak MJ Wang Xuelei | 2009 | American Journal of Kidney Diseases2009，53，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Predicting nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence and progression in patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin: the CUETO scoring model 显示文摘 | FERNANDEZ- GOMEZ J MADERO R SOLSONA E | 2009 | J Urol2009，182，： | 1 |
| 6 | Serum NGAL as a marker of gio-merular filtration rate 显示文摘 | Madero M Sarnak MJ Stevens LA | 2006 | Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens2006，15，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Cognitive function in chronic kidney disease显示文摘 | Madero M Gul A Samak MJ | 2008 | Semin Dial2008，21，： | 1 |
| 8 | Treatment of fractures of the distal radius with a remodellable bone cement : a prospective,randomised study using Norian SRS 显示文摘 | Sanchez - Sotelo J Munuera L Madero R | 2002 | J Bone Joint Surg Br2002，82，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Body mass index and mortality in CKD显示文摘 | Madero M Sarnak MJ Wang X | 2007 | Am J Kidney Dis2007，50，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Does music perception have an impact on quality of life following cochlear implantation?显示文摘 | Luis Lassaletta Alejandro Castro Marta Bastarrica Rosa Pérez-Mora Rosario Madero Josefa De Sarriá Javier Gavilán | 2007 | Acta Oto-Laryngologica2007，，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Biomarkers of renal function, which and when显示文摘 | Wasung ME Chawla LS Madero M | 2014 | Clin Chim Acta2014，438，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Treatment of fractures of the distal radius with a remodellable bone cement:a prospective, randomised study using Norian SRS显示文摘 | Sancbez-Sotelo J Munuera L Madero R | 2000 | J Bone Joint Surg Br2000，82，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Effects of thalidomide on HIV - associated wasting syndrome; a randomized, double - blind, placebo - controlled clinical trial显示文摘 | Sierra Madero JG Martinez del Cerro V | 1996 | AIDS1996，10，： | 1 |
| 14 | Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline monochemotherapy for children with acute promyelocytic leukemia:a multicenter study by the PETHEMA Group显示文摘 | Ortega JJ Madero L Martin G | 2005 | J Clin Oncol2005，23，30： | 1 |
| 15 | Treatment of fractures of the distal radius with a remodellable bone cement : a prospective,randomised study using Norian SRS显示文摘 | SANCHEZ-SOTELO J MUNUERA L MADERO R | 2002 | J Bone Joint Surg Br2002，82，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Serum cystatin C as a markerof glomerular filtration rate显示文摘 | Madero M Sarnak MJ Stevens LA | 2006 | Current Opinion in Nephrologyand Hypertension2006，15，： | 1 |
| 17 | Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD 显示文摘 | Madero M Sarnak MJ Wang XL | 2009 | Am J Kidney Dis2009，53，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia following unrelated cord blood transplantation as an early manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease显示文摘 | Sevilla J Gonzalez-Vicent M Madero L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Early systemic hypotension and vasopressor support in low birth weight infants: impact on neurodevelopment显示文摘 | Pellicer A Bravo MC Madero R | 2009 | Pediatrics2009，123，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Microbiology of pressure and vascular ulcer infections 显示文摘 | Ortiz Balbuena J Garcia Madero R Segovia Comez T | 2015 | Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol2015，50，1： | 1 |
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