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| 1 | 中国老年人出国旅游需求与制约--基于北京中老年人市场调查显示文摘老龄化背景下,出国旅游不仅关乎国家的国际利益,更关乎民生关怀、社会稳定。研究中国各类老龄群体出国旅游客源需求特征、制约因素,有助于这一市场前瞻性开拓的同时,更是为老年人谋福祉,有助于'健康老龄化'。文章运用主成分因子分析等方法对1044个中老年人有效样本的研究发现,比以往老年人更加积极的消费理念决定了当代及下一代老年人的出国旅游需求特征;除了自身、外在、惯常生活和消费理念制约因素以外,与中年人相比,老年人出国旅游更容易受到安全因素,特别是心理安全因素的制约;主观年龄与老年人出国旅游活动之间产生交互影响。满足中老年人的出国旅游意愿是其精神慰藉的重要途径。国家层面应尽快完善出境旅游统计调查制度。 | 李享 Mark Banning-Taylot Phoebe Bai Alexander Cliff Picton | 2014 | 旅游学刊2014，29，9： | 17 |
| 2 | Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade: obligatory contribution of IL-2 receptors and negative prognostic impact of soluble CD25显示文摘堵住抗体 ipilimumab 的细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞 antigen-4 (CTLA-4 ) 在很少的病人导致变形黑瘤的调停免疫者的长期的控制。尽管 ipilimumab 无疑经由 immunostimulation 施加它的治疗学的效果,这样远的临床上有用的、 immunologically 相关的 biomarkers 预言治疗效率是逃犯的。这里,我们显示出 IL-2 的那中立化或堵住 α并且 βIL-2 受体的子单元(CD25 和 CD122,分别地) 否则在现出症状之前的潜的老鼠模型由 CTLA-4 封锁导致了,废除了 antitumor 效果和 intratumoral T 受动器对规章的房间(Tregs ) 的比率的伴随的改进,它是。CTLA-4 封锁导致了在失去了 FoxP3 表示并且在 regressing 肿瘤积累了的 IL-2-producing 受动器房间与伴随物上升表示 Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 和 Egr2 的一个镇压 CD4 + T 房间子集的减小。当 recombinant IL-2 改进了 CTLA-4 封锁的治疗学的功效时,圈套 IL-2 受体 α(IL-2Rα, sCD25 ) 禁止了 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 效果封锁。在收到 ipilimumab 的 262 个变形黑瘤病人, sCD25 的基线浆液集中代表了全面幸存的独立指示物,与预言到治疗的抵抗的高水平。总的来说,这些结果解开为在 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 活动的 IL-2 和 IL-2 受体的一个角色封锁。重要地,我们的学习提供第一 immunologically 相关的 biomarker,也就是提高的浆液 sCD25,那与黑瘤在病人预言抵抗到 CTLA-4 封锁。 | Dalil Hannani Marie Vetizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadege Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggennont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，2： | 14 |
| 3 | Root-Specific Transcript Profiling of Contrasting Rice Genotypes in Response to Salinity Stress显示文摘提高的咸度强加渗透并且离子毒性在生活上强调房间并且要求大量的回答以便启用植物幸存。在在米饭( Oryza sativa )介绍抄本层次的更早的工作上造 FL478 射击,盐容忍的 indica recombinant 生来的线,和 IR29 ,盐敏感的栽培变种,抄本层次在这二就职的根以及在二另外的盐容忍的 indica 遗传型的根被比较, landrace Pokkali 和 recombinant 生来的线 IR63731 。这研究的目的是比较抄本在敏感并且容忍的线以便多半识别基因涉及工厂咸度忍耐,而非响应咸度本身。有到咸度忍耐的已知的连接的几个基因家庭的抄本侧面被描述(例如 HKT, NHX ) 。通过他们的盐应答,抄本层次,或 chromosomal 地点识别的一套基因的通常认为的功能(即在为咸度忍耐的 QTL 下面) 也被讨论。最后,在 FL478 的 Saltol 区域的父母起源进一步被调查。总的来说,介绍的数据集看起来柔韧,这个系统能为涉及咸度忍耐的新奇基因的发现提供可靠策略,似乎可能。 | Olivier Cotsaftis Darren Plett Alexander A.T. Johnson Harkamal Walia Clyde Wilson Abdelbagi M. Ismail Timothy J. Close Mark Tester Ute Baumann | 2011 | Molecular Plant2011，4，1： | 14 |
| 4 | Evolution of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery:An evidencebased review显示文摘Open surgery for colorectal disease has progressed significantly over the past century from humble beginnings to form the mainstay of treatment for colorectal cancer and a number of benign conditions.Following the introduction of laparoscopic abdominal surgery,the next stage in the evolution of the specialty began in the 1990s with the first laparoscopic colonic resection.Following some early concerns regarding its safety and oncological efficacy during the latter part of that decade,laparoscopic colorectal surgery rapidly came into mainstream use in the early part of the current century with evidence supporting its use being made available from large scale randomised controlled trials.This article provides an evidence-based summary of this evolutionary process as it relates to both benign and malignant colorectal disease,as well as discussion of the next phase of new technologies such as robotic surgery. | Alexander Emmanuel Blackmore Mark Te Ching Wong Choong Leong Tang | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，17： | 12 |
| 5 | Current Status and Future Challenges of Weather Radar Polarimetry: Bridging the Gap between Radar Meteorology/Hydrology/Engineering and Numerical Weather Prediction显示文摘After decades of research and development, the WSR-88 D(NEXRAD) network in the United States was upgraded with dual-polarization capability, providing polarimetric radar data(PRD) that have the potential to improve weather observations,quantification, forecasting, and warnings. The weather radar networks in China and other countries are also being upgraded with dual-polarization capability. Now, with radar polarimetry technology having matured, and PRD available both nationally and globally, it is important to understand the current status and future challenges and opportunities. The potential impact of PRD has been limited by their oftentimes subjective and empirical use. More importantly, the community has not begun to regularly derive from PRD the state parameters, such as water mixing ratios and number concentrations, used in numerical weather prediction(NWP) models.In this review, we summarize the current status of weather radar polarimetry, discuss the issues and limitations of PRD usage, and explore potential approaches to more efficiently use PRD for quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting based on statistical retrieval with physical constraints where prior information is used and observation error is included. This approach aligns the observation-based retrievals favored by the radar meteorology community with the model-based analysis of the NWP community. We also examine the challenges and opportunities of polarimetric phased array radar research and development for future weather observation. | Guifu ZHANG Vivek N.MAHALE Bryan J.PUTNAM Youcun QI Qing CAO ANDrew D.BYRD Petar BUKOVCIC Dusan S.ZRNIC Jidong GAO Ming XUE Youngsun JUNG Heather D.REEVES Pamela L.HEINSELMAN AlexANDer RYZHKOV Robert D.PALMER Pengfei ZHANG Mark WEBER Greg M.MCFARQUHAR Berrien MOORE III Yan ZHANG Jian ZHANG J.VIVEKANANDAN Yasser AL-RASHID Richard L.ICE Daniel S.BERKOWITZ Chong-chi TONG Caleb FULTON Richard J.DOVIAK | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，6： | 9 |
| 6 | Arabidopsis Coordinates the Diurnal Regulation of Carbon Allocation and Growth across a Wide Range of Photoperiods显示文摘在短光周期,植物在光更快积累淀粉并且降级它更慢慢地在夜里,保证他们的淀粉储备持续直到黎明。为了调查伴随,在预定生长变化, Arabidopsis 在光周期的一个范围被种并且在黎明和黄昏为插座生物资源,光合作用,呼吸,核糖体丰富,装载的 polysome,淀粉,和超过 40 代谢物分析。数据集合被用来在白天和夜里为生长率建模,并且识别与生长相关的代谢物。建模的生长率并且 polysome 装载在白天并且在在长光周期的夜里高,但是在短光周期在夜里减少了。核糖体丰富在所有光周期是类似的。淀粉的数量怎么在轻时期,夜里的长度,和维护费用积累了,被讨论交往在短光周期在夜里抑制生长,并且为优化核糖体使用改变策略。重要关联在在生长率和糖信号 trehalose 6 磷酸盐和氨基酸生合成中介 shikimate 的层次之间的白天和夜里被发现,识别象在协调生长与的一个网络的中心的这些代谢物日报在碳供应的变化。 | Ronan Sulpice Anna Flis Alexander A. Ivakov Federico Apelt Nicole Krohn Beatrice Encke Christin Abel Regina Feil John E. Lunn Mark Stitt | 2014 | Molecular Plant2014，7，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Isolation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Enantiomers by Density Differentiation显示文摘Current methods of synthesizing single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)result in racemic mixtures that have impeded the study of left-and right-handed SWNTs.Here we present a method of isolating different SWNT enantiomers using density gradient ultracentrifugation.Enantiomer separation is enabled by the chiral surfactant sodium cholate,which discriminates between left-and right-handed SWNTs and thus induces subtle differences in their buoyant densities.This sorting strategy can be employed for simultaneous enrichment by handedness and roll-up vector of SWNTs having diameters ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 nm.In addition,circular dichroism of enantiomer refined samples enables identification of high-energy optical transitions in SWNTs. | Alexander A.Green Matthew C.Duch Mark C.Hersam | 2009 | Nano Research2009，2，1： | 7 |
| 8 | Interleukin-28B Polymorphism Improves Viral Kinetics and Is the Strongest Pretreatment Predictor of Sustained Virologic Response in Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus显示文摘 | Alexander J. Thompson Andrew J. Muir Mark S. Sulkowski Dongliang Ge Jacques Fellay Kevin V. Shianna Thomas Urban Nezam H. Afdhal Ira M. Jacobson Rafael Esteban Fred Poordad Eric J. Lawitz Jonathan McCone Mitchell L. Shiffman Greg W. Galler William M. Lee | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Sustained Type I interferon signaling as a mechanism of resistance to PD-1 blockade显示文摘PD-1 blockade represents a major therapeutic avenue in anticancer immunotherapy.Delineating mechanisms of secondary resistance to this strategy is increasingly important.Here,we identified the deleterious role of signaling via the type I interferon(IFN)receptor in tumor and antigen presenting cells,that induced the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2(N0S2),associated with intratumor accumulation of regulatory T cells(Treg)and myeloid cells and acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody(mAb).Sustained IFNP transcription was observed in resistant tumors,in turn inducing PD-L1 and N0S2 expression in both tumor and dendritic cells(DC).Whereas PD-L1 was not involved in secondary resistance to anti-PD-1 mAb,pharmacological or genetic inhibition of N0S2 maintained long-term control of tumors by PD-1 blockade,through reduction of Treg and DC activation.Resistance to immunotherapies,including anti-PD-1 mAb in melanoma patients,was also correlated with the induction of a type I IFN signature.Hence,the role of type I IFN in response to PD-1 blockade should be revisited as sustained type I IFN signaling may contribute to resistance to therapy. | Nicolas Jacquelot Takahiro Yamazaki Maria PRoberti Connie PMDuong Miles CAndrews Loic Verlingue Gladys Ferrere Sonia Becharef Marie Vetizou Romain Daillere Meriem Messaoudene David PEnot Gautier Stoll Stefano Ugel Maria Marigo Shin Foong Ngiow Aurelien Marabelle Armelle Prevost-Blondel Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan Alexander MEggermont Paule Opolon Christophe Klein Gabriele Madonna Paolo AAscierto Antje Sucker Dirk Schadendorf Mark JSm yth Jean-Charles Soria Guido Kroemer Vincenzo Bronte Jennifer Wargo and Laurence Zitvogel | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，10： | 6 |
| 10 | Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides显示文摘Direct laser writing(DLW)has been shown to render 3D polymeric optical components,including lenses,beam expanders,and mirrors,with submicrometer precision.However,these printed structures are limited to the refractive index and dispersive properties of the photopolymer.Here,we present the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that enables the tuning of the refractive index over a range of greater than 0.3 by performing DLW inside photoresist-filled nanoporous silicon and silica scaffolds.Adjusting the laser exposure during printing enables 3D submicron control of the polymer infilling and thus the refractive index and chromatic dispersion.Combining SCRIBE’s unprecedented index range and 3D writing accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical Luneburg lens operating at visible wavelengths.SCRIBE’s ability to tune the chromatic dispersion alongside the refractive index was leveraged to render achromatic doublets in a single printing step,eliminating the need for multiple photoresins and writing sequences.SCRIBE also has the potential to form multicomponent optics by cascading optical elements within a scaffold.As a demonstration,stacked focusing structures that generate photonic nanojets were fabricated inside porous silicon.Finally,an all-pass ring resonator was coupled to a subsurface 3D waveguide.The measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 nm suggests the possibility of compact photonic systems with optical interconnects that traverse multiple planes.SCRIBE is uniquely suited for constructing such photonic integrated circuits due to its ability to integrate multiple optical components,including lenses and waveguides,without additional printed supports. | Christian R.Ocier Corey A.Richards Daniel A.Bacon-Brown Qing Ding Raman Kumar Tanner J.Garcia Jorik van de Groep Jung-Hwan Song Austin J.Cyphersmith Andrew Rhode Andrea N.Perry Alexander J.Littlefield Jinlong Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jonah F.Messinger Mark L.Brongersma Kimani C.Toussaint Jr Lynford L.Goddard Paul V.Braun | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Androgen synthesis inhibitors in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer显示文摘gonadal 睾丸激素合成的抑制首先代表标准为变形前列腺癌症的治疗的线治疗。在得阉割抵抗的前列腺癌症(CRPC ) 的病人的多数,然而,通过自己在肾上腺或在肿瘤以内生产的雄激素检测雄激素受体(AR ) 的坚持的激活是可能的。Abiraterone 醋酸盐作为 17 α 与活动作为双功能的细胞色素 P450 酶 CYP17 的一个不可逆的禁止者被开发; -hydroxylase 和 17,20-lyase。CYP17 为从胆固醇的 nongonadal 雄激素的生产是必要的。基于与 abiraterone 和泼尼松对泼尼松在全面幸存(OS ) 显示出重要改进的阶段 III 试用,在 2011 的 abiraterone 的规章的赞同代表了指向 AR 为与 CRPC 在人改进结果是必要的原则的证明。 17 α 的抑制;由 abiraterone 的 -hydroxylase 由于垂体的调停皮质醇的抑制的损失导致在上游的 mineralocorticoids 的累积促肾上腺皮质的荷尔蒙( ACTH ),为 17,20-lyase 为 CYP17 禁止者的开发向一个基本原理提供增加的特性( orteronel , galeterone 和 VT-464 )没有外长的 corticosteroids ,那能潜在地被管理。在这篇文章,我们考察 abiraterone 和另外的 CYP17 禁止者的发展;有 abiraterone 的最近的研究在 quality-of-life,反应的潜在的早预言者,并且关于另外的代理人的 abiraterone 的最佳的定序上通知我们的理解象药效果那样的临床的参数;并且提供卓见进抵抗机制给导致临床的试用,药联合设计了延长 abiraterone 利益或恢复 abiraterone 活动的 CYP17 禁止者的翻译研究结果。 | Mark N Stein | 2014 | Asian Journal of Andrology2014，16，3： | 3 |
| 12 | Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers显示文摘Ten years ago,three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers,or plasmonic nanolasers,after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003.An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here,together with the original context of and motivations for this research.After a general introduction,we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers.This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress,including lasing threshold reduction,dynamic modulation,room-temperature operation,electrical injection,the control and improvement of spasers,the array operation of spasers,and selected applications of single-particle spasers.Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development,including further miniaturization,the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation,novel spaser-based interconnects,and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome. | Shaimaa I.Azzam Alexander V.Kildishev Ren-Min Ma Cun-Zheng Ning Rupert Oulton Vladimir M.Shalaev Mark I.Stockman Jia-Lu Xu Xiang Zhang | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Natural history of alcoholic hepatitis显示文摘 | Mark W. Lischner MD James F. Alexander MD John T. Galambos MD | 1971 | The American Journal of Digestive Diseases1971，，6： | 2 |
| 14 | Function of miR-146a in Controlling Treg Cell-Mediated Regulation of Th1 Responses显示文摘 | Li-Fan Lu Mark P. Boldin Ashutosh Chaudhry Ling-Li Lin Konstantin D. Taganov Toshikatsu Hanada Akihiko Yoshimura David Baltimore Alexander Y. Rudensky | 2010 | Cell2010，，6： | 2 |
| 15 | Challenges for land system science显示文摘 | Mark D.A. Rounsevell Bas Pedroli Karl-Heinz Erb Marc Gramberger Anne Gravsholt Busck Helmut Haberl S?ren Kristensen Tobias Kuemmerle Sandra Lavorel Marcus Lindner Hermann Lotze-Campen Marc J. Metzger David Murray-Rust Alexander Popp Marta Pérez-Soba Anett | 2012 | Land Use Policy2012，，4： | 2 |
| 16 | Review: Improving our knowledge of male mosquito biology in relation to genetic control programmes显示文摘 | Rosemary Susan Lees Bart Knols Romeo Bellini Mark Q. Benedict Ambicadutt Bheecarry Hervé Christophe Bossin Dave D. Chadee Jacques Charlwood Roch K. Dabiré Luc Djogbenou Alexander Egyir-Yawson René Gato Louis Clément Gouagna Mo’awia Mukhtar Hassan Shakil A | 2013 | Acta Tropica2013，，： | 2 |
| 17 | Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections显示文摘 | Naomi P. O’Grady Mary Alexander Lillian A. Burns E. Patchen Dellinger Jeffrey Garland Stephen O. Heard Pamela A. Lipsett Henry Masur Leonard A. Mermel Michele L. Pearson Issam I. Raad Adrienne G. Randolph Mark E. Rupp Sanjay Saint | 2011 | AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control2011，，4： | 2 |
| 18 | Linaclotide, through activation of guanylate cyclase C, acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract to elicit enhanced intestinal secretion and transit显示文摘 | Robert W. Busby Alexander P. Bryant Wilmin P. Bartolini Etchell A. Cordero Gerhard Hannig Marco M. Kessler Shalina Mahajan-Miklos Christine M. Pierce Robert M. Solinga Li Jing Sun Jenny V. Tobin Caroline B. Kurtz Mark G. Currie | 2010 | European Journal of Pharmacology2010，，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Leukocyte and Bacterial Counts Do Not Correlate With Severity of Symptoms in Men With Chronic Prostatitis: The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study显示文摘 | Anthony J. Schaeffer Jill S. Knauss J. Richard Landis Kathleen J. Propert Richard B. Alexander Mark S. Litwin J. Curtis Nickel Michael P. O’leary Robert B. Nadler Michel A. Pontari Daniel A. Shoskes Scott I. Zeitlin Jackson E. Fowler Carissa A. Mazurick J | 2002 | The Journal of Urology2002，，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Volatilisation processes in wastewater treatment plants as a source of potential exposure to VOCs显示文摘 | ALEXANDER P B MARK S V | 1997 | Pergamon1997，21，： | 1 |
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